Applied English Phonology

by Yavas, Mehmet

• ISBN13: 9781444333220
• ISBN10: 1444333224
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-01-25
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Applied English Phonology has been extensively revised and expanded, using an accessible style and numerous exercises to explore the fundamental aspects of the English sound system. Covers the fundamental aspects of the English sound system, including basic phonetic elements; phonemics; allophonic rules of English consonants and vowels; phonotactics; and stress and intonation Includes brand new sections on U.S. regional vowel shifts, sociophonetic variations, and the role of perception and Optimality Theory with reference to second language phonology Accompanied by new sound files for numerous transcription exercises Incorporates extensive exercises to aid students in understanding and assimilating the material more effectively Supported by an Instructors' Manual for lecturers, available on publication at www.wiley.com/go/yavas

Author Biography

Mehmet Yavas is Professor of Linguistics at Florida International University. He has published numerous articles on applied phonology and is the principal author of Avaliacao Fonologica da Crianca, a phonological assessment procedure for Brazilian Portuguese. His other publications include Phonological Disorders in Children (1991), First and Second Language Phonology (1994), and Phonology: Development and Disorders (1998).

Table of Contents

Preface to Second Edition	p. ix
Preface	p. x
Note to the Instructor	p. xi
Phonetics	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Phonetic Transcription	p. 1
Description and Articulation of Sounds of English	p. 4
The vocal tract	p. 4
Voicing	p. 5
Places of articulation	p. 6
Manners of articulation	p. 7
Voice onset time	p. 9
Vowels and diphthongs	p. 11
Additional Sounds	p. 12
States of the glottis	p. 12
Places and manners of articulation	p. 13
Secondary articulations	p. 15
Consonants made with non-pulmonic airstream mechanisms	p. 17
Vowels	p. 18
Cardinal Vowels	p. 19
Syllables and Suprasegmentals	p. 20
Summary	p. 23
Exercises	p. 24
Phonology	p. 30
Introduction	p. 30
Complementary versus Overlapping Distribution	p. 31
Overlapping distribution and contrast	p. 31
Complementary distribution	p. 33
Phonemic Analysis: A Mini-demo	p. 37
Free Variation	p. 45
Morphophonology	p. 45
Practical Uses of Phonological Analysis	p. 48
Summary	p. 51
Exercises	p. 52
English Consonants	p. 57
Stops	p. 57
Fricatives	p. 62
Affricates	p. 65
Nasals	p. 67
Approximants	p. 68
Sociophonetic Variation	p. 71
Summary	p. 72
Exercises	p. 73
English Vowels	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
Vowel Set of American English	p. 77
Phonetic properties of vowels	p. 78
Tense-lax	p. 79
Nasalized vowels	p. 80
Length	p. 80
Vowels before /$$$/	p. 81
Vowels before /l/	p. 82
Front Vowels	p. 83
Central Vowels	p. 84
Back Vowels	p. 84
Diphthongs	p. 86
Sociophonetic Variation	p. 88
Non-US Varieties	p. 89
Full Vowels-Reduced Vowels	p. 92
Full (Strong) Forms versus Reduced (Weak) Forms of Function Words	p. 93
Summary	p. 96
Exercises	p. 97
Acoustics of Vowels and Consonants	p. 100
Introduction	p. 100
Vowels	p. 102
Diphthongs	p. 106
Consonants	p. 107
Stops	p. 107
Fricatives	p. 111
Affricates	p. 114
Approximants	p. 115
Nasals	p. 115
Putting It Together	p. 116
Context	p. 119
Practical Applications: Some Examples	p. 121
Summary	p. 124
Appendix	p. 125
Exercises	p. 127
Syllables	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Number of Syllables	p. 134
Sonority	p. 135
Syllabification	p. 137
English Syllable Phonotactics	p. 139
Single onsets	p. 140
Double onsets	p. 140
Triple onsets	p. 142
Codas	p. 142
Double codas	p. 143
Triple codas	p. 143
Written Syllabification	p. 146
Syllable Weight and Ambisyllabicity	p. 149
Practical Applications	p. 151
Summary	p. 153
Exercises	p. 154
Stress and Intonation	p. 156
Introduction	p. 156
Noun and Adjective Stress	p. 157
Verb Stress	p. 160
Secondary Stress	p. 162
Affixes	p. 164
Stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes	p. 165
Stress-neutral suffixes	p. 165
Stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes	p. 166
Stress in Compounds	p. 168
Differences between American and British English	p. 169
Intonation	p. 172
Variations among the Varieties	p. 177
Summary	p. 178
Exercises	p. 180
Structural Factors in Second Language Phonology	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
Mini Contrastive Analyses	p. 185
Spanish-English	p. 185
Turkish-English	p. 190
Greek-English	p. 192
French-English	p. 193
German-English	p. 195
Arabic-English	p. 196
Russian-English	p. 198
Korean-English	p. 199
Portuguese-English	p. 201
Persian (Farsi)-English	p. 203
Differential Treatment of Mismatches	p. 204
Basic vs. derived context	p. 206
Deflected contrast	p. 206
Hypercontrast	p. 207
Markedness	p. 207
Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM)	p. 212
Optimality Theory (OT)	p. 214
Perception	p. 219
Summary	p. 225
Exercises	p. 227
Spelling and Pronunciation	p. 230
Irregularity of English Spelling	p. 230
Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences in English	p. 231
Consonants	p. 232
Vowels	p. 236
Morphological Basis of English Spelling	p. 241
American English vs. British English	p. 243
Summary	p. 245
Exercises	p. 246
Recommended Readings	p. 249
Appendix: List of Sound Files	p. 252
Glossary	p. 257
References	p. 261
Index	p. 268
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