Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine

by Pinsky, Michael R.

• ISBN13: 9783540373612
• ISBN10: 3540373616
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-01-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The volume provides a concise review of the important applied physiological issues associated with the management of the critically ill patients, provinding short direct Physiologic Note and Seminal Physiologic Reviews relevant to the practicing critical care physician. This practical approach, being bound by strong physiological principals and written by many of the leaders in this field is a unique volume of practical information, essential for any practicing critical care physician to apply their art effectively and efficiently.

Table of Contents

Physiological Notes
Pulmonary
Respiratory Mechanics
Intrinsic (or auto-) positive end-expiratory pressure during controlled mechanical ventilation	p. 3
Intrinsic (or auto-) positive end-expiratory pressure during spontaneous or assisted ventilation	p. 7
Work of breathing	p. 11
Interpretation of airway pressure waveformsEvans R. Fernandez-Perez	p. 15
Gas exchange
Dead space	p. 17
Alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow: The V[subscript A]/Q[subscript T] concept	p. 21
Mechanisms of hypoxemia	p. 25
Pulse oximetry	p. 29
Effects of body temperature on blood gases	p. 33
Venous oximetry	p. 37
Influence of F[subscript l]O[subscript 2] on the P[subscript a]O[subscript 2]/F[subscript l]O[subscript 2] ratio	p. 41
Cardiovascular
Pulmonary vascular resistance: A meaningless variable?	p. 45
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure	p. 49
Clinical significance of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure	p. 53
Pulmonary capillary pressure	p. 57
Ventricular interdependence: how does it impact on hemodynamic evaluation in clinical practice?	p. 61
Cyclic changes in arterial pressure during mechanical ventilation	p. 65
Metabolism and Renal Function
Lactic acidosis	p. 69
Defining renal failure: Physiological principles	p. 73
Hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis: new insights into an old problem	p. 79
Cerebral Function
Intracranial pressure: Part one: Historical overview and basic concepts	p. 85
Intracranial pressure: Part two: Clinical applications and technology	p. 89
Physiological Reviews
Measurement techniques
Fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a review of indices used in intensive care	p. 95
Different techniques to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP): time for a critical re-appraisal	p. 105
Tissue capnometry: does the answer lie under the tongue?	p. 121
Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion	p. 131
Ultrasonographic examination of the venae cavae	p. 143
Physiological processes
Sleep in the intensive care unit	p. 147
Magnesium in critical illness: metabolism, assessment, and treatment	p. 157
Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung Injury: from basic science to the critically ill	p. 171
Pulmonary and cardiac sequelae of subarachnoid haemorrhage: time for active management?	p. 185
Permissive hypercapnia-role in protective lung ventilatory strategies	p. 197
Right ventricular function and positive pressure ventilation in clinical practice: from hemodynamic subsets to respirator settings	p. 207
Acute right ventricular failure - from pathophysiology to new treatments	p. 217
Red blood cell rheology in sepsis	p. 229
Stress-hyperglycemia, insulin and immunomodulation in sepsis	p. 239
Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in critically ill patients with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury	p. 249
Matching total body oxygen consumption and delivery: a crucial objective?	p. 259
Normalizing physiological variables in acute illness: five reasons for caution	p. 269
Seminal Studies in Intensive Care
Manipulating afterload for the treatment of acute heart failure: a historical summary	p. 279
Nosocomial pneumonia	p. 283
The introduction of positive end-expiratory pressure into mechanical ventilation: a retrospective	p. 291
Elastic pressure-volume curves in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome	p. 295
The concept of "baby lung"	p. 303
The effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysis on the respiratory system	p. 313
Diaphragmatic fatigue during sepsis and septic shock	p. 323
The use of severity scores in the intensive care	p. 331
Oxygen transport-the oxygen delivery controversy	p. 337
Organ dysfunction during sepsis	p. 345
Ventilator-induced lung injury: from the bench to the bedside	p. 357
Remembrance of Weaning Past: the Seminal Studies	p. 367
Subject Index	p. 377
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