Applied Strength of Materials

by Mott, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780130885784
• ISBN10: 0130885789
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Applied Strength of Materials provides comprehensive coverage of the key topics in strength of materials with an emphasis on applications, problem solving, and design of structural members, mechanical devices, and systems. The fourth edition of this best-selling text has been updated and enhanced to include a new "Big Picture" feature and a brief review of statics in a new appendix. Strengths of this text include: bull; A section called The Big Picture begins each chapter and engages students in discussion of the many contexts in which the principles in that chapter are used in real, practical design. This feature draws on the students' own experience and builds their knowledge of the mechanical design field. It is based on the learning theory that students learn better when they can relate new concepts to past experiences and when they consider the whole before tackling the details. An extensive introduction to composite materials along with the commentary throughout the book on the application of composites to various kinds of load-carrying members and comparisons/contrasts of composites to traditional structural members. Suggested computer programming assignments with recommended uses for spreadsheets, equation-solving software such as MATLAB, and graphing calculators to reflect the continuing development of electronic aids. Strong presentation of design approaches in addition to analysis, providing extensive information on guidelines for design of mechanical devices and structural members.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials	1	(47)
Objective of this Book---to Ensure Safety	4	(2)
Objectives of this Chapter	6	(1)
Problem-Solving Procedure	7	(1)
Basic Unit Systems	8	(1)
Relationship Among Mass, Force, and Weight	9	(2)
The Concept of Stress	11	(1)
Direct Normal Stress	12	(2)
Stress Elements for Direct Normal Stresses	14	(1)
Direct Shear Stress	15	(5)
Stress Elements for Shear Stresses	20	(1)
Bearing Stress	20	(4)
The Concept of Strain	24	(1)
Poisson's Ratio	25	(1)
Shearing Strain	26	(1)
Modulus of Elasticity	26	(1)
Modulus of Elasticity in Shear	27	(1)
Preferred Sizes and Standard Shapes	27	(6)
Experimental and Computational Stress Analysis	33	(15)
References	38	(1)
Problems	38	(10)
Design Properties of Materials	48	(35)
Objectives of this Chapter	50	(1)
Metals in Mechanical and Structural Design	50	(7)
Steel	57	(5)
Cast Iron	62	(1)
Aluminum	63	(2)
Copper, Brass, and Bronze	65	(1)
Zinc, Magnesium, and Titanium	66	(1)
Nonmetals in Engineering Design	66	(1)
Wood	67	(1)
Concrete	67	(1)
Plastics	68	(1)
Composites	69	(14)
References	80	(1)
Problems	80	(3)
Design of Members under Direct Stresses	83	(45)
Objectives of this Chapter	85	(1)
Design of Members under Direct Tension or Compression	85	(1)
Design Normal Stresses	86	(1)
Design Factor	87	(2)
Design Approaches and Guidelines for Design Factors	89	(3)
Methods of Computing Design Stress	92	(6)
Design Shear Stress	98	(4)
Design Bearing Stress	102	(6)
Stress Concentration Factors	108	(20)
References	112	(1)
Problems	112	(16)
Axial Deformation and Thermal Stress	128	(25)
Objectives of this Chapter	130	(1)
Elastic Deformation in Tension and Compression Members	130	(6)
Deformation Due to Temperature Changes	136	(4)
Thermal Stress	140	(3)
Members Made of More Than One Material	143	(10)
Problems	146	(7)
Torsional Shear Stress and Torsional Deformation	153	(50)
Objectives of this Chapter	156	(1)
Torque, Power, and Rotational Speed	156	(3)
Torsional Shear Stress in Members with Circular Cross Sections	159	(3)
Development of the Torsional Shear Stress Formula	162	(1)
Polar Moment of Inertia for Solid Circular Bars	163	(1)
Torsional Shear Stress and Polar Moment of Inertia for Hollow Circular Bars	164	(2)
Design of Circular Members under Torsion	166	(3)
Comparison of Solid and Hollow Circular Members	169	(4)
Stress Concentrations in Torsionally Loaded Members	173	(7)
Twisting---Elastic Torsional Deformation	180	(10)
Torsion in Noncircular Sections	190	(13)
References	195	(1)
Problems	196	(5)
Computer Assignments	201	(2)
Shearing Forces and Bending Moments in Beams	203	(65)
Objectives of this Chapter	205	(1)
Beam Loading, Supports, and Types of Beams	206	(7)
Reactions at Supports	213	(4)
Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Concentrated Loads	217	(7)
Guidelines for Drawing Beam Diagrams for Concentrated Loads	224	(7)
Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Distributed Loads	231	(6)
General Shapes Found in Bending Moment Diagrams	237	(1)
Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Cantilever Beams	238	(2)
Beams with Linearly Varying Distributed Loads	240	(2)
Free-Body Diagrams of Parts of Structures	242	(4)
Mathematical Analysis of Beam Diagrams	246	(22)
Problems	257	(11)
Centroids and Moments of Inertia of Areas	268	(33)
Objectives of this Chapter	269	(1)
The Concept of Centroid---Simple Shapes	270	(1)
Centroid of Complex Shapes	270	(5)
The Concept of Moment of Inertia	275	(2)
Moment of Inertia of Composite Shapes whose Parts have the Same CentroidalAxis	277	(2)
Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes---General Case---Use of the Parallel Axis Theorem	279	(3)
Mathematical Definition of Moment of Inertia	282	(1)
Composite Sections Made from Commercially Available Shapes	283	(4)
Moment of Inertia for Shapes with all Rectangular Parts	287	(1)
Radius of Gyration	288	(13)
References	292	(1)
Problems	293	(7)
Computer Assignments	300	(1)
Stress Due to Bending	301	(57)
Objectives of this Chapter	305	(1)
The Flexure Formula	305	(3)
Conditions on the Use of the Flexure Formula	308	(3)
Stress Distribution on a Cross Section of a Beam	311	(1)
Derivation of the Flexure Formula	312	(1)
Applications---Beam Analysis	313	(3)
Applications---Beam Design and Design Stresses	316	(2)
Section Modulus and Design Procedures	318	(6)
Stress Concentrations	324	(6)
Flexural Center or Shear Center	330	(3)
Preferred Shapes for Beam Cross Sections	333	(4)
Design of Beams to be Made from Composite Materials	337	(21)
References	338	(1)
Problems	339	(18)
Computer Assignments	357	(1)
Shearing Stresses in Beams	358	(37)
Objectives of this Chapter	360	(2)
Importance of Shearing Stresses in Beams	362	(1)
The General Shear Formula	363	(6)
Distribution of Shearing Stress in Beams	369	(7)
Development of the General Shear Formula	376	(2)
Special Shear Formulas	378	(4)
Design Shear Stress	382	(1)
Shear Flow	383	(12)
References	386	(1)
Problems	386	(9)
Special Cases of Combined Stresses	395	(33)
Objectives of this Chapter	399	(1)
The Stress Element	399	(2)
Stress Distribution Created by Basic Stresses	401	(1)
Combined Normal Stresses	402	(10)
Combined Normal and Shear Stresses	412	(16)
References	417	(1)
Problems	417	(11)
The General Case of Combined Stress and Mohr's Circle	428	(42)
Objectives of this Chapter	429	(1)
Creating the Initial Stress Element	430	(2)
Equations for Stresses in Any Direction	432	(4)
Principal Stresses	436	(1)
Maximum Shear Stress	437	(1)
Mohr's Circle for Stress	438	(7)
Examples of the Use of Mohr's Circle	445	(7)
Stress Condition on Selected Planes	452	(3)
Special Case in which Both Principal Stresses have the Same Sign	455	(4)
The Maximum Shear Stress Theory of Failure	459	(1)
Use of Strain-Gage Rosettes to Determine Principal Stresses	460	(10)
References	467	(1)
Problems	467	(2)
Computer Assignments	469	(1)
Deflection of Beams	470	(53)
Objectives of this Chapter	473	(1)
The Need for Considering Beam Deflections	473	(2)
Definition of Terms	475	(3)
Beam Deflections Using the Formula Method	478	(4)
Superposition Using Deflection Formulas	482	(4)
Basic Principles for Beam Deflection by Successive Integration Method	486	(2)
Beam Deflections---Successive Integration Method---General Approach	488	(9)
Beam Deflections---Moment-Area Method	497	(4)
Applications of the Moment-Area Method	501	(13)
Beams with Distributed Loads---Moment-Area Method	514	(9)
References	516	(1)
Problems	516	(6)
Computer Assignments	522	(1)
Statically Indeterminate Beams	523	(25)
Objectives of this Chapter	526	(1)
Formulas for Statically Indeterminate Beams	527	(7)
Superposition Method	534	(5)
Continuous Beams---Theorem of Three Moments	539	(9)
Problems	543	(4)
Computer Assignments	547	(1)
Columns	548	(35)
Objectives of this Chapter	552	(1)
Slenderness Ratio	553	(3)
Transition Slenderness Ratio	556	(1)
The Euler Formula for Long Columns	557	(1)
The J. B. Johnson Formula for Short Columns	558	(1)
Summary---Buckling Formulas	558	(3)
Design Factors for Columns and Allowable Load	561	(1)
Summary---Method of Analyzing Columns	561	(4)
Column Analysis Spreadsheet	565	(2)
Efficient Shapes for Column Cross Sections	567	(1)
Specifications of the AISC	567	(2)
Specifications of the Aluminum Association	569	(1)
Non-Centrally Loaded Columns	570	(13)
References	576	(1)
Problems	576	(7)
Pressure Vessels	583	(26)
Objectives of this Chapter	585	(1)
Distinction Between Thin-Walled and Thick-Walled Pressure Vessels	585	(2)
Thin-Walled Spheres	587	(2)
Thin-Walled Cylinders	589	(3)
Thick-Walled Cylinders and Spheres	592	(1)
Procedure for Analyzing and Designing Spherical and Cylindrical Pressure Vessels	593	(6)
Shearing Stress in Cylinders and Spheres	599	(4)
Other Design Considerations for Pressure Vessels	603	(1)
Composite Pressure Vessels	604	(1)
Spreadsheet Aid for Analyzing Thick-Walled Spheres and Cylinders	605	(4)
References	606	(1)
Problems	606	(2)
Computer Assignments	608	(1)
Connections	609	(22)
Objectives of this Chapter	610	(1)
Modes of Failure	611	(2)
Riveted Connections	613	(1)
Bolted Connections	614	(1)
Allowable Stresses for Bolted and Riveted Connections	615	(1)
Example Problems---Riveted and Bolted Joints	615	(3)
Eccentrically Loaded Riveted and Bolted Joints	618	(4)
Welded Joints with Concentric Loads	622	(9)
References	625	(1)
Problems	626	(5)
Appendix	631	(54)
Answers to Selected Problems	685	(14)
Index	699

Excerpts

Objectives of the Book Applied Strength of Materials,Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive coverage of the important topics in strength of materials with an emphasis on applications, problem solving, and design of structural members, mechanical devices, and systems. The book is written for the student in a course called Strength of Materials, Mechanics of Materials, or Solid Mechanics in an engineering technology program at the baccalaureate or associate degree level, or in an applied engineering program. It is the intent of this book to provide good readability for the student, appropriate coverage of the principles of strength of materials for the faculty member teaching the subject, and a problem solving and design approach that is useful for the practicing designer or engineer. Educational programs in the mechanical, civil, construction, and manufacturing fields should find the book to be suitable for an introductory course in strength of materials. Style There is a heavy emphasis on theapplicationsof the principles of strength of materials to mechanical, structural, and construction problems while providing a firm foundation of understanding of those principles. At the same time, thelimitationson the use of analysis techniques are emphasized to ensure that they are applied properly. Both analysis and design approaches are used in the book. Units are a mixture of SI Metric and U.S. Customary units, in keeping with the dual usage evident in U.S. industry and construction. Prerequisites Students are expected to be able to apply the principles of statics prior to using this book. For review, there is a summary of the main techniques of the analysis of forces and momentum in the Appendix. Several example problems are included that are similar to the statics needed in practice problems in this book. While not essential, it is recommended that students have completed an introductory course in calculus prior to studying this course. As called for by accrediting agencies, calculus is used to develop the key principles and formulas used in this book. The application of the formulas and most problem solving and design techniques can be accomplished without the use of calculus. Features of the Book The Big Picture.Students should see the relevance of the material they study. They should be able to visualize where devices and systems that they are familiar with depend on the principles of strength of materials. For this reason each chapter starts with a section calledThe Big Picture.Here the basic concepts to be developed in the chapter are identified and students are asked to think about examples from their own experience where these concepts are used. Sometimes they are asked to explore new things on their own to discover how a product works or how it can fail. They are coached to make observations about the behavior of common mechanical devices, vehicles, industrial machinery, consumer products, and structures. Educational philosophy indicates that students learn better and retain more when such methods are employed. Problem-Solving Techniques.Students must also be able to solve real problems, complete the necessary calculations, manipulate units in equations, seek appropriate data, and make good design decisions. The example problems in this book are designed to help students master these processes. In addition, students must learn to communicate the results of their work to others in the field. One important means of communication is the presentation of the problem solutions in an orderly, well-documented manner using established methods. Example problems are set off with a distinctive graphic design and type font. Readers are guided in the process of formulating an approach to problem solving that includes: a)Statement of the objective of the problem b)Summary of the given information <