Applied Survival Analysis

by Le, Chap T.

• ISBN13: 9780471170853
• ISBN10: 0471170852
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-10-28
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

This concise, application-oriented text is designed to meet the needs of practitioners and students in applied fields in its coverage of major, updated methods in the analysis of survival data. Includes analysis of standardized mortality ratios, methods for proving attenuation of healthy worker effects, ordinal risk factors and other new areas of research. Timely and diverse case studies are presented, plus a complete data set on ESRD patients on hemodialysis. Moderate level of mathematics required.

Author Biography

CHAP T. LE, PhD, is Professor and Director of Biostatistics at the University of Minnesota’s Cancer Center and Otitis Media Research Center. Dr. Le’s many works on biostatistics include Health and Numbers: Basic Biostatistical Methods (Wiley), coauthored with James R. Boen.

Table of Contents

1. Basic Concepts in Survival Analysis	1	(50)
1.1. Study Designs	2	(1)
1.2. Survival Time	3	(1)
1.3. Functions of Survival Time	4	(8)
1.4. Regression Analysis	12	(1)
1.5. Examples of Survival Data	13	(3)
1.6. Examples of Survival Analysis	16	(21)
Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function	17	(3)
Comparison of Two Treatments	20	(3)
Comparison of Several Treatments	23	(5)
Rank Correlations	28	(3)
2 x k Contingency Tables	31	(2)
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation (MLE)	33	(4)
1.7. Special Problem: Incomplete Data	37	(2)
1.8. Data Presentation: Event Chart	39	(2)
1.9. Number of Deaths	41	(2)
1.10. Computational Implementation	43	(1)
Exercises	44	(7)
2. Estimation of Functions and Parameters	51	(46)
2.1. Estimation of the Survival Function	52	(15)
Kaplan-Meier Curve	53	(4)
Actuarial Method	57	(3)
Mean, Median, and Other Parameters	60	(2)
Standardization of Survival Rates	62	(4)
Current Population Life Tables	66	(1)
2.2. Estimation of Parameters in Survival Models	67	(10)
Some Survival Models	68	(1)
Likelihood Function	69	(1)
Exponential Model	70	(2)
Weibull Model	72	(2)
Special Use of the Standardized Mortality Ratio	74	(3)
2.3. Cohort Studies	77	(9)
Method	77	(3)
Model	80	(1)
Results	80	(4)
Healthy Worker Effects	84	(2)
2.4. Estimation of the Cumulative Hazard	86	(1)
2.5. Rank Correlation for Bivariate Censored Data	87	(3)
Exercises	90	(7)
3. Comparison of Survival Distributions	97	(64)
3.1. Nonparametric Methods	98	(16)
Comparison of Two Groups	99	(8)
Comparison of Several Groups	107	(2)
Detection of Crossing-Curves Alternatives	109	(3)
Analysis of Pair-Matched Data	112	(2)
3.2. Comparison of Two Exponential Distributions	114	(14)
Score Test	115	(3)
Cox F Test	118	(3)
Sample Size Determination	121	(4)
Methods for Person-Years Data	125	(3)
3.3. Piecewise Exponential: Link Between Parametric and Nonparametric Methods	128	(4)
3.4. Trends in Survival	132	(16)
Class of Tests Against Stochastically Ordered Alternatives	133	(4)
Tarone Test	137	(1)
Le-Gramsch-Louis Method	138	(4)
Test for Trend in Constant Hazards and Its Application in Occupational Health	142	(6)
3.5. Comparison of Two Clustered Samples	148	(7)
Problem	148	(1)
Data Summarization	149	(2)
Models	151	(2)
Test Statistic	153	(2)
Exercises	155	(6)
4. Correlation and Regression Analyses	161	(64)
4.1. Simple Regression and Correlation	163	(13)
Model and Approach	163	(2)
Measures of Association	165	(2)
Effects of Measurement Scale	167	(2)
Tests of Association	169	(7)
4.2. Multiple Regression	176	(18)
Proportional Hazards Models with Several Covariates	177	(5)
Testing Hypotheses in Multiple Regression	182	(5)
Stepwise Procedure	187	(5)
Estimation of the Baseline Survival Function	192	(2)
4.3. Time-Dependent Covariates	194	(13)
Examples	195	(1)
Implementation	195	(2)
Simple Test of Goodness of Fit	197	(5)
More on Tests of Goodness of Fit	202	(5)
4.4. Stratification and Its Applications	207	(8)
Basic Ideas	208	(1)
Model and Implementation	208	(1)
Analysis of Epidemiologic Matched Studies	209	(5)
Homogeneity of Relative Risk in Matched Studies	214	(1)
4.5. Nontime Application: Evaluation of Confounding Effects in ROC Studies	215	(6)
Estimator for the ROC Function	216	(1)
Use of Proportional Hazards Model	217	(2)
Special Case	219	(2)
Exercises	221	(4)
Appendix A. Kidney Transplant Data	225	(12)
Appendix B. Hemodialysis Data	237	(8)
Appendix C. Ventilation Tube Data	245	(4)
References	249	(6)
Index	255