Architectural Design Procedures

by Thompson,Arthur

• ISBN13: 9780340719411
• ISBN10: 0340719419
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 1998-10-02
• Publisher: Architectural P

Summary

This book explains how architects obtain and administer work from the moment the contract is signed, to the handing over of the finished building to the client and is an indispensible guide to all architecture students. This second edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded. It now includes significant additions to the section on design constraints, a new section on quality assurance and management and information on new acts and regulations introduced since the publication of the first edition. Other sections on subjects such as the Building Regulations, use of computers and standard forms and letters have been brought up to date.

Table of Contents

List of figures and tables	xi
Preface	xv
Acknowledgements	xvii
Setting the scene	1	(10)
The beginning	1	(1)
Enter the architect	1	(1)
The arrival of the architectural technologist	2	(1)
The building team	3	(6)
Summary of the main roles	9	(1)
Main approaches to building	9	(1)
Technical terms	10	(1)
Background to Architectural Practices	11	(18)
Introduction	11	(1)
The historical role of the architect	11	(6)
Design team framework today	17	(1)
Architects today	18	(1)
Education of architects	19	(1)
Architects' registration acts	20	(1)
Architectural technologists today	21	(1)
Education of architectural technologists	22	(1)
Continuing professional development	23	(1)
The architectural practitioner's relationship with the client	23	(3)
Codes of conduct	26	(1)
Quality assurance	27	(1)
Quality management	27	(1)
Architects in the European Union	28	(1)
Organisation and business side of architectural practices	29	(27)
Introduction	29	(1)
Types of practice	29	(3)
Design-and-construct organisations	32	(2)
The develop-and-construct approach	34	(1)
Management contracting	34	(1)
Construction and project management	35	(1)
The Latham Report	36	(1)
Partnering	37	(1)
Professional partnership agreements	38	(1)
Organisational frameworks	38	(2)
Some examples of organisational frameworks	40	(3)
Organisation of individual projects	43	(1)
Local authority and similar offices	44	(1)
Division of responsibility within the design team	45	(1)
Communications	46	(1)
Telephone communications	47	(1)
Fax communications	47	(1)
Computer communications	48	(1)
E-mail communications	48	(1)
Written communications	48	(1)
Reports	49	(1)
Fees	49	(2)
Value added tax	51	(1)
Disbursements and expenses	52	(1)
Termination of architectural practitioner's services	52	(1)
Involvement of the client	52	(1)
Influence of the client organisation	53	(1)
Obtaining work	54	(2)
Architectural practitioners and the law	56	(18)
Introduction	56	(1)
Negligence	56	(1)
Professional indemnity insurance	56	(3)
Legal duties of the architectural practitioner	59	(1)
Under which law can the architectural practitioner be sued?	59	(1)
Definition of negligence with examples of court cases	60	(2)
Period of liability	62	(2)
Persons to whom the architectural practitioner may be liable	64	(1)
Extent of liability for negligence	65	(1)
Collateral warranties	65	(1)
Architectural practitioners limiting their liability for negligence	65	(1)
Liability of architectural partners	66	(1)
Liability of architectural directors	66	(1)
Liability of employees of architectural practitioners	66	(1)
Site safety	67	(1)
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994	68	(3)
Copyright	71	(1)
Other legal matters affecting architectural practitioners	72	(2)
Technical information	74	(19)
Introduction	74	(1)
General design and construction information	74	(1)
Basic library	75	(1)
British Standards	75	(1)
European standards: Euronorm	75	(1)
Computer information systems	76	(1)
Internet	76	(1)
General cost information	76	(1)
Cost analysis of previous jobs	77	(1)
Price books and journals	77	(1)
Computer estimating systems	77	(1)
The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors' Building Cost Information Service	78	(1)
Samples	78	(4)
Record drawings	82	(1)
Royal Institute of British Architects' products library data	83	(1)
The Construction Industry/Samarbetskommitten for Byggnadsfragor (CI/SfB) system	83	(6)
Uniclass system	89	(4)
General office practice	93	(10)
Introduction	93	(1)
Accomodation	93	(1)
Furniture	93	(1)
Telephones	94	(1)
Stationery	94	(1)
Health, welfare, and safety of employees	94	(3)
Insurance of premises and contents	97	(1)
Employer's liability insurance	97	(1)
Other insurances	98	(1)
Use of computers	98	(1)
Employment of staff generally	99	(1)
Employment Protection	99	(1)
Conditions of employment	100	(1)
Dismissal of employees	100	(1)
Redundancy	101	(1)
National Insurance	101	(1)
Income tax	101	(1)
Holidays	102	(1)
Design constraints	103	(30)
Introduction	103	(1)
The client	103	(2)
The designer	105	(6)
User requirements	111	(1)
Anthropometrics and ergonomics	112	(1)
Disability	113	(2)
The site	115	(2)
Environment	117	(1)
Cost limits	118	(3)
Legal requirements	121	(2)
Building regulations	123	(1)
Town planning acts	124	(1)
Trespass	125	(1)
Nuisance	126	(1)
Boundaries	127	(1)
Party walls	127	(1)
Easements	128	(1)
Building services	129	(2)
The contractor	131	(2)
General design procedures	133	(32)
Introduction	133	(1)
Royal Institute of British Architects' plan of work	133	(1)
British Institute of Architectural Technology's plan of work	134	(1)
Contracts	134	(4)
Determination	138	(1)
Production information	139	(1)
Importance of accuracy	139	(1)
Drawings	139	(3)
Drawing structures	142	(5)
Dimensions	147	(1)
Computer-aided design and draughting	148	(2)
Storage of drawings	150	(1)
Schedules	150	(1)
Schedules of work	150	(1)
Specifications	151	(1)
Traditional specification	151	(1)
National Building Specification	151	(1)
Performance specification	152	(1)
Bills of quantities	152	(1)
Method of measurement	152	(2)
Preparation of the bills of quantities	154	(1)
Nominated subcontractors	154	(1)
Nominated suppliers	155	(1)
Building regulations	156	(4)
Town planning acts	160	(3)
Fire Precautions Act 1971	163	(1)
Insurance	164	(1)
Pre-contract procedures	165	(25)
Introduction	165	(1)
Stage A: inception	166	(1)
Stage B: feasibility	167	(2)
Approximate estimates	169	(1)
Stage C: outline proposals	170	(1)
Communicating design outcomes	171	(4)
Stage D: scheme design	175	(2)
Stage E: detail design	177	(2)
Stage F: production information	179	(1)
Stage G: bills of quantities	180	(2)
Stage H: tender action	182	(2)
Concept of tendering	184	(1)
Information for tendering	185	(1)
Architect's responsibility towards tenderers	186	(1)
Stage J: project planning	187	(3)
Contract procedures	190	(19)
Introduction	190	(1)
Stage K: operations on-site	190	(3)
Site supervision	193	(1)
Samples and testing	194	(1)
Site meetings	194	(1)
Architect's instructions	195	(1)
Variations	195	(1)
Daywork sheets	196	(1)
Delays	196	(1)
Extension of time	197	(1)
Death of architect	197	(1)
Death of employer	197	(1)
Bankruptcy	198	(1)
Disputes	198	(1)
Arbitration	199	(2)
Adjudication	201	(1)
Site diary	202	(1)
Weekly reports	202	(1)
Recording progress	202	(1)
Recording site happenings	203	(1)
Information to be provided by the contractor	203	(1)
Insurances	203	(1)
Stage L: completion	204	(2)
Certificates	206	(2)
Final account	208	(1)
Stage M: feedback	208	(1)
Standard documentation	209	(71)
Introduction	209	(1)
Letters	209	(1)
Briefing checklists	209	(1)
General checklists	210	(1)
Forms	210	(1)
Agendas	210	(70)
Appendix 1: Glossary	280	(19)
Appendix 2: Abbreviations	299	(3)
Questions	302	(4)
Sources of information	306	(6)
Introduction	306	(1)
Acts	306	(1)
Regulations	307	(1)
Town and country planning orders	308	(1)
Health and Safety Executive publications	308	(1)
Joint Contracts and Tribunal standard forms of building contract	308	(1)
RIBA Publications	309	(1)
British Institute of Architectural Technology publications	309	(1)
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors publication	310	(1)
Journals and Press publications	310	(1)
Miscellaneous	310	(2)
Recommended reading	312	(1)
Index	313