Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

by Curtis, Glenn E.

• ISBN13: 9780844408484
• ISBN10: 0844408484
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1995-11-01
• Publisher: Claitors Pub Div

Table of Contents

Foreword	iii
Acknowledgments	v
Preface	xiii
That A. Chronology of Important Events	xv
Introduction	xxiii
Armenia	1	(78)
Glenn E. Curtis
Ronald G. Suny
Country Profile	3	(6)
Historical Background	9	(16)
The Ancient Period	9	(1)
Early Christianity	10	(1)
The Middle Ages	11	(1)
Between Russia and Turkey	11	(4)
World War I and Its Consequences	15	(2)
The Communist Era	17	(3)
Nagorno-Karabakh and Independence	20	(5)
Physical Environment	25	(4)
Topography and Drainage	26	(1)
Climate	27	(1)
Environmental Problems	27	(2)
Population and Ethnic Composition	29	(3)
Population Characteristics	29	(2)
Ethnic Minorities	31	(1)
Language, Religion, and Culture	32	(6)
Language	33	(1)
Religion	33	(2)
The Armenian Diaspora	35	(1)
Culture	36	(2)
Education, Health, and Welfare	38	(3)
Education	38	(1)
Health	39	(2)
Social Welfare	41	(1)
The Economy	41	(16)
Modern Economic History	42	(2)
Natural Resources	44	(1)
Agriculture	44	(1)
Industry	45	(1)
Energy	46	(2)
Postcommunist Economic Reform	48	(3)
Labor and the Standard of Living	51	(1)
The National Financial Structure	52	(1)
Transportation and Telecommunications	53	(3)
Foreign Trade	56	(1)
Government and Politics	57	(7)
Parliament	58	(1)
The Presidency	59	(1)
State Administrative Bodies	59	(1)
The Judiciary	60	(1)
The Constitution	60	(1)
Local Government	61	(1)
Political Parties	61	(1)
Human Rights	62	(1)
The Media	63	(1)
Foreign Relations	64	(6)
Azerbaijan	64	(1)
Georgia, Iran, and Turkey	65	(2)
The Commonwealth of Independent States	67	(1)
The United States	68	(2)
National Security	70	(9)
Geopolitical Situation	70	(2)
The Military	72	(4)
Internal Security	76	(1)
Crime	77	(1)
Prisons	77	(2)
Azerbaijan	79	(70)
James Nichol
Country Profile	81	(6)
Historical Background	87	(12)
Early History	87	(2)
Within the Russian Empire	89	(2)
Within the Soviet Union	91	(2)
After Communist Rule	93	(6)
Physical Environment	99	(2)
Topography and Drainage	99	(1)
Climate	100	(1)
Environmental Problems	100	(1)
Population and Ethnic Composition	101	(3)
Population Characteristics	101	(2)
The Role of Women	103	(1)
Smaller Ethnic Minorities	103	(1)
Language, Religion, and Culture	104	(7)
Language	104	(2)
Religion	106	(1)
The Arts	107	(2)
The Cultural Renaissance	109	(2)
Education, Health, and Welfare	111	(4)
Education	111	(2)
Health	113	(1)
Social Welfare	114	(1)
The Economy	115	(14)
The Work Force	116	(1)
Economic Dislocations	116	(1)
Agriculture	117	(2)
Industry	119	(1)
Energy	119	(3)
Economic Reform	122	(3)
Foreign Trade	125	(1)
Transportation and Telecommunications	126	(3)
Government and Politics	129	(9)
The Appearance of Opposition Parties	129	(2)
Legislative Politics	131	(1)
The Presidential Election of 1992	131	(1)
The Coup of June 1993	132	(2)
Aliyev and the Presidential Election of October 1993	134	(1)
The Constitution	135	(1)
The Court System	136	(1)
Human Rights and the Media	136	(2)
Foreign Relations	138	(3)
The Foreign Policy Establishment	138	(1)
Post-Soviet Diplomacy	139	(1)
Relations with Former Soviet Republics	140	(1)
National Security	141	(8)
Forming a National Defense Force	141	(1)
Russian Troop Withdrawal	142	(1)
Force Levels and Performance	143	(1)
Supply and Budgeting	144	(1)
Aliyev's National Security Reform	145	(1)
Crime and Crime Prevention	146	(3)
Georgia	149	(82)
Darrell Slider
Country Profile	151	(6)
Historical Background	157	(18)
Early History	157	(2)
Within the Russian Empire	159	(3)
Within the Soviet Union	162	(4)
After Communist Rule	166	(5)
Threats of Fragmentation	171	(4)
Physical Environment	175	(2)
Topography	175	(1)
Climate	176	(1)
Environmental Issues	177	(1)
Population and Ethnic Composition	177	(4)
Population Characteristics	177	(1)
Ethnic Minorities	178	(3)
Language, Religion, and Culture	181	(5)
Language	181	(1)
Religion	182	(1)
The Arts	183	(3)
Education, Health, and Welfare	186	(4)
Education	186	(1)
Health	187	(2)
Social Security	189	(1)
The Economy	190	(16)
Conditions in the Soviet System	190	(1)
Obstacles to Development	191	(1)
The Underground Economy	192	(1)
Wages and Prices	192	(2)
Banking, the Budget, and the Currency	194	(1)
Industry	195	(1)
Energy Resources	196	(2)
Agriculture	198	(1)
Transportation and Telecommunications	199	(4)
Economic Reform	203	(2)
Foreign Trade	205	(1)
Government and Politics	206	(13)
Establishing Democratic Institutions	206	(2)
The 1990 Election	208	(1)
The Gamsakhurdia Government	208	(1)
Gamsakhurdia's Ouster and Its Aftermath	209	(1)
New Parties and Shevardnadze's Return	210	(1)
The Election of 1992	210	(3)
Formation of the Shevardnadze Government	213	(3)
The Judicial System	216	(2)
The Constitution	218	(1)
Human Rights	218	(1)
The Media	219	(1)
Foreign Relations	219	(7)
The Soviet and Gamsakhurdia Periods	220	(1)
The Foreign Policy Establishment	221	(1)
Revived Contacts in 1992	221	(1)
Relations with Neighboring Countries	222	(4)
National Security	226	(5)
The Military Establishment	226	(1)
The Russian Presence	227	(1)
Draft Policy	227	(1)
Arms Supply	228	(1)
Internal Security	228	(1)
Civilian National Security Organization	229	(1)
Crime	229	(1)
Long-Term Security	230	(1)
Appendix. Tables	231	(26)
Bibliography	257	(12)
Glossary	269	(4)
Index	273	(22)
Contributors	295