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Marilyn Stokstad, teacher, art historian, and museum curator, has been a leader in her field for decades and has served as president of the College Art Association and the International Center of Medieval Art. In 2002, she was awarded the lifetime achievement award from the National Women’s Caucus for Art. In 1997, she was awarded the Governor’s Arts Award as Kansas Art Educator of the Year and an honorary degree of doctor of humane letters by Carleton College. She is Judith Harris Murphy Distinguished Professor Emerita at the University of Kansas, Lawrence. She has also served in various leadership capacities at the University’s Spencer Museum of Art and is Consultative Curator of Medieval Art at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri
Michael W. Cothren is Scheuer Family Professor of Humanities at Swarthmore College, where he has also served as Art Department Chair, Coordinator of Medieval Studies, and Divisional Chair of the Humanities. Since arriving at Swarthmore in 1978, he has taught specialized courses on Medieval, Roman, and Islamic art and architecture, as well as seminars on visual narrative and on theory and method, but he particularly enjoys teaching the survey to Swarthmore beginners. His research and publications focus on French Gothic art and architecture, most recently in a book on the stained glass of Beauvais Cathedral entitled Picturing the Celestial City. Michael is a consultative curator at the Glencairn Museum in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania. He has served on the board of the International Center of Medieval Art and as President both of the American Committee of the International Corpus Vitrearum and of his local school board. When not teaching, writing, or pursuing art historical research, you can finding him hiking in the red rocks around Sedona, Arizona.
BRIEF CONTENTS
CONTENTS vii
PREFACE xii
WHAT’S NEW xiv
FACULTY AND STUDENT RESOURCES FOR ART HISTORY xviii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND GRATITUDE xix
USE NOTES xxi
STARTER KIT xxii
INTRODUCTION xxvi
Chapter 1 PREHISTORIC ART 1
Chapter 2 ART OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 27
Chapter 3 ART OF ANCIENT EGYPT 49
Chapter 4 ART OF THE ANCIENT AEGEAN 81
Chapter 5 ART OF ANCIENT GREECE 101
Chapter 6 ETRUSCAN AND ROMAN ART 159
CONTEMPORARY WORLD MAP
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CREDITS
INDEX
DETAILED CONTENTS
CONTENTS vii
PREFACE xiv
WHAT’S NEW xv
FACULTY AND STUDENT RESOURCES FOR ART HISTORY xviii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND GRATITUDE xix
USE NOTES xxi
STARTER KIT xxii
INTRODUCTION xxvi
CHAPTER 1 PREHISTORIC ART 1
THE STONE AGE 2
THE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD 2
Shelter or Architecture? 4
Artifacts or Works of Art? 5
Cave Painting 8
Cave Sculptures 12
THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD 13
Architecture 13
Sculpture and Ceramics 20
NEW METALLURGY, ENDURING STONE 22
The Bronze Age 22
Rock Carvings 23
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
The Power of Naming 6
Intentional House Burning 20
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
Prehistoric Woman and Man 24
A CLOSER LOOK
A House in Çatalhöyük 15
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Early Construction Methods 16
TECHNIQUE
Prehistoric Wall Painting 10
Pottery and Ceramics 22
RECOVERING THE PAST
How Early Art is Dated 12
CHAPTER 2 ART OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST 27
THE FERTILE CRESCENT AND MESOPOTAMIA 28
Sumer 28
Akkad 33
Ur and Lagash 36
Babylon 37
THE HITTITES OF ANATOLIA 37
ASSYRIA 39
Kalhu (Nimrud) 39
Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad) 41
Nineveh (Kuyunjik) 43
NEO-BABYLONIA 43
PERSIA 44
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Art as Spoils of War—Protection or Theft? 32
The Code of Hammurabi 38
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
A Lyre from a Royal Tomb in Ur 34
A CLOSER LOOK
Enemies Crossing the Euphrates to Escape Assyrian Archers 41
TECHNIQUE
Cuneiform Writing 30
Textiles 43
CHAPTER 3 ART OF ANCIENT EGYPT 49
THE GIFT OF THE NILE 50
EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT, C. 2950–2575 BCE 50
The God-Kings 50
Artistic Conventions 51
Funerary Architecture 53
THE OLD KINGDOM, C. 2575–2150 BCE 55
The Great Pyramids at Giza 55
Sculpture 59
Pictorial Relief in Tombs 61
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM, C. 1975–C. 1640 BCE 62
Portraits of Senusret III 62
Rock-Cut Tombs 62
Funerary Stelae 63
Town Planning 64
THE NEW KINGDOM, C. 1539–1075 BCE 64
The Great Temple Complexes 65
Hatshepsut 67
The Tomb of Ramose 69
Akhenaten and the Art of the Amarna Period 70
The Return to Tradition: Tutankhamun and Ramses II 72
The Books of the Dead 76
THE THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD, C. 1075–715 BCE 78
LATE EGYPTIAN ART, C. 715–332 BCE 79
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Egyptian Symbols 51
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Temples of Ramses II at Abu Simbel 74
A CLOSER LOOK
The Palette of Narmer 52
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Mastaba to Pyramid 55
TECHNIQUE
Preserving The Dead 56
Egyptian Pictorial Relief 65
Glassmaking 73
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Rosetta Stone 77
CHAPTER 4 ART OF THE ANCIENT AEGEAN 81
THE BRONZE AGE IN THE AEGEAN 82
THE CYCLADIC ISLANDS 82
THE MINOAN CIVILIZATION ON CRETE 84
The “Old Palace” Period, c. 1900–1700 BCE 84
The “New Palace” Period, c. 1700–1450 BCE 86
THE MYCENAEAN (HELLADIC) CULTURE 92
Helladic Architecture 92
Mycenaean Tombs 95
Ceramic Arts 99
BOXES
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Lion Gate 96
A CLOSER LOOK
The “Flotilla Fresco” from Akrotiri 92
TECHNIQUE
Aegean Metalwork 87
RECOVERING THE PAST
Pioneers of Aegean Archaeology 91
The “Mask of Agamemnon” 95
CHAPTER 5 ART OF ANCIENT GREECE 101
THE EMERGENCE OF GREEK CIVILIZATION 102
Historical Background 102
Religious Beliefs and Sacred Places 102
GREEK ART C. 900–C. 600 BCE 102
The Geometric Period 102
The Orientalizing Period 105
THE ARCHAIC PERIOD, C. 600–480 BCE 107
The Sanctuary at Delphi 107
Temples 108
Free-standing Sculpture 114
Painted Pots 117
THE EARLY CLASSICAL PERIOD, C. 480–450 BCE 120
Marble Sculpture 121
Bronze Sculpture 124
Ceramic Painting 127
THE HIGH CLASSICAL PERIOD, C. 450–400 BCE 128
The Acropolis 129
The Parthenon 130
The Propylaia and the Erechtheion 136
The Temple of Athena Nike 137
The Athenian Agora 138
City Plans 138
Stele Sculpture 140
Painting 141
THE LATE CLASSICAL PERIOD, C. 400–323 BCE 142
Sculpture 143
The Art of the Goldsmith 146
Painting and Mosaics 146
THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD, 323–31/30 BCE 149
The Corinthian Order in Hellenistic Architecture 149
Sculpture 151
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Greek and Roman Deities 104
Classic and Classical 124
Who Owns the Art? The Elgin Marbles and the Euphronios Krater 135
Women at a Fountain House 139
Women Artists in Ancient Greece 148
Greek Theaters 150
The Celts 152
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Tomb of the Diver 122
A CLOSER LOOK
The Euphronios Krater 119
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
The Greek Orders 110
TECHNIQUE
Color in Greek Sculpture 113
Black-Figure and Red-Figure 120
The Canon of Polykleitos 134
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Riace Warriors 127
CHAPTER 6 ETRUSCAN AND ROMAN ART 159
THE ETRUSCANS 160
Etruscan Architecture 160
Etruscan Temples 160
Tomb Chambers 162
Works in Bronze 166
THE ROMANS 168
Origins of Rome 168
Roman Religion 169
THE REPUBLIC, 509–27 BCE 169
Portrait Sculpture 169
ROMAN TEMPLES 173
THE EARLY EMPIRE, 27 BCE–96 CE 174
Art in the Age of Augustus 174
The Julio-Claudians 178
Roman Cities and the Roman Home 178
Wall Painting 181
The Flavians 187
THE HIGH IMPERIAL ART OF TRAJAN AND HADRIAN 190
Imperial Architecture 191
Imperial Portraits 201
THE LATE EMPIRE, THIRD AND FOURTH CENTURIES 203
The Severan Dynasty 204
The Soldier Emperors 204
Constantine the Great 208
Roman Art after Constantine 213
BOXES
ART AND ITS CONTEXTS
Roman Writers on Art 169
Roman Portraiture 170
THE OBJECT SPEAKS
The Ara Pacis Augustae 176
A CLOSER LOOK
Sarcophagus with the Indian Triumph of Dionysus 206
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Roman Architectural Orders 163
The Roman Arch 172
Roman Vaulting 188
Concrete 196
TECHNIQUE
Roman Mosaics 202
RECOVERING THE PAST
The Mildenhall Treasure 214
CONTEMPORARY WORLD MAP
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CREDITS
INDEX
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