The Art of Seeing

by Zelanski, Paul; Fisher, Mary Pat

• ISBN13: 9780137906352
• ISBN10: 0137906358
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This best-selling exploration of traditional and contemporary art and artistic media focuses on art from the artistsÕ point of view. Using an engaging, readable style, this book quotes artists themselves who explain what they were trying to do in their art. Emphasizing aesthetics and art techniques, the book also covers the philosophical foundations, elements and principles of design, and technical considerations of each artistÕs medium. It offers broad coverage of all media as well as traditional and contemporary art, multicultural and non-Western art, art by women, Òoutsider artÓ, and computer graphics. It also covers such traditional and contemporary topics as creativity, encaustic, fresco, wood engraving, computer art, graphic design, photography, Xerox and FAX art, video art, conceptual art, performance art, earthworks, installation pieces, and folk art. Finally, the book includes maps with timelines showing the regions where major trends in Western art were developed and the site of major art and artworks while the timeline gives a global historical context for the evolution of Western art. The fourth edition of The Art of Seeing has been revised to include a new chapter on computer graphics including art on the Internet. It also includes boxes dealing with controversies such as censorship, race and gender criticism, restoration of paintings, protection of famous works, and art as an investment. The first chapter has been revised to provide a clear and provocative introduction to the understanding of art. And the final chapter now examines four major works of art in depth: PicassoÕs Guernica, RodinÕs Gates of Hell, MichelangeloÕs Sistine ChapelCeiling, and Moshe SafdieÕs Vancouver Library Square. There are also two new artists boxes including Stephen Alcorn on printmaking and John Lyle on ecologically-oriented landscape design. An essential art reference for every reader interested in art, especially art professionals and collectors.

Table of Contents

Preface	9	(2)
PART 1 LEARNING TO SEE	11	(190)
Understanding Art
The Creative Impulse	12	(2)
Content	14	(16)
Political Content	15	(3)
Power and Propaganda	18	(3)
Narrative	21	(2)
Inner Experiences	23	(4)
Intellectual Concepts	27	(1)
Vincent van Gogh on Emotion and Intellect	28	(2)
Ideals of Beauty	30	(1)
Forms of Art	30	(18)
Two- and Three-Dimensional Art	30	(2)
Degrees of Realism	32	(6)
Georgia O'Keeffe on ``Saying What I Want To''	38	(2)
Fine and Applied Arts	40	(2)
Public and Private Art	42	(4)
Art Issues: Censorship	46	(2)
Critical Opinion	48	(7)
Art Issues: Race and Gender Criticism	50	(1)
Greatness in Art	51	(4)
Visual Elements	55	(115)
Line	55	(10)
Seeing Lines	55	(4)
Implied Line	59	(2)
Descriptive Line	61	(2)
Expressive Qualities of Line	63	(2)
Directional Line	65	(1)
Shape and Form	65	(23)
Degrees of Three-Dimensionality	67	(4)
Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Form	71	(3)
Henry Moore on Form and Space	74	(3)
Two-Dimensional Illusion of Form	77	(3)
Shapes	80	(2)
Arshile Gorky on The Intensity of Art	82	(6)
Space	88	(20)
Three-Dimensional Art in Space	88	(4)
Two-Dimensional Space	92	(9)
Scale	101	(4)
Spatial Illusion	105	(3)
Texture	108	(6)
Actual Texture	110	(1)
Simulated Texture	111	(3)
Texture-Like Effects	114	(1)
Value and Light	114	(13)
Local and Interpretive Values	116	(2)
Lighting	118	(5)
Reflections	123	(1)
Light as a Medium	124	(3)
Color	127	(28)
A Vocabulary of Color	127	(4)
Natural and Applied Color	131	(3)
Local, Impressionistic, and Interpretive Color	134	(1)
Emotional Effects of Color	135	(3)
Warm and Cool Colors	138	(4)
Advancing and Receding Colors	142	(1)
Color Combinations	143	(3)
Interaction of Color	146	(4)
Josef Albers on The Complexity of Color	150	(2)
Limited and Open Palette	152	(3)
Time	155	(15)
Viewing Time	155	(2)
Auguste Rodin on The Illusion of Movement	157	(1)
Actual Movement	158	(1)
Illusion of Movement	159	(4)
The Captured Moment	163	(1)
Time as the Subject	164	(4)
Ephemeral Time	168	(1)
Change Through Time	169	(1)
Organizing Principles of Design	170	(31)
Repetition	171	(4)
Variety	175	(5)
Rhythm	180	(2)
Balance	182	(5)
Compositional Unity	187	(3)
Emphasis	190	(2)
Economy	192	(1)
Proportion	193	(5)
Wassily Kandinsky on Underlying Harmony	196	(2)
Relationship to the Environment	198	(3)
PART 2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA AND METHODS	201	(110)
Drawing	202	(14)
Approaches to Drawing	202	(3)
Dry Media	205	(8)
Graphite Pencil	205	(1)
Silverpoint	206	(1)
Charcoal	206	(3)
Chalk	209	(2)
Pastel	211	(1)
Crayon	212	(1)
Liquid Media	213	(3)
Pen and Ink	213	(2)
Brush and Ink	215	(1)
Painting	216	(29)
Approaches to Painting	216	(6)
Leonardo da Vinci on Chiaroscuro	220	(2)
Paint Media	222	(22)
Encaustic	222	(2)
Fresco	224	(2)
Tempera	226	(2)
Oil	228	(4)
Art Issues: Cleaning and Restoring Paintings	232	(2)
Watercolor	234	(3)
Gouache	237	(1)
Synthetics	238	(2)
Collage	240	(2)
Mosaic	242	(2)
Mixed Media	244	(1)
Printmaking	245	(22)
Printmaking Processes	247	(17)
Relief	247	(4)
Stephen Alcorn on The Challenge of Linocuts	251	(2)
Intaglio	253	(6)
Planographic	259	(3)
Stencil	262	(2)
Mixed Media	264	(3)
Graphic Design	267	(9)
The Graphic Designer and Visual Ideas	267	(3)
Peter Good on The Art of Graphic Design	268	(2)
Typography	270	(2)
Illustration	272	(4)
Photography, Photocopy, and Filmmaking	276	(25)
Photography	276	(15)
Edward Weston on Photography as a Way of Seeing	286	(5)
Photocopy and Fax Art	291	(2)
Film	293	(5)
Television and Video	298	(3)
Computer Graphics	301	(10)
The Computer as a Drawing Medium	301	(2)
The Computer as a Painting Medium	303	(2)
Video Graphics	305	(1)
Virtual Reality	306	(1)
The Computer as a Unique Art Medium	307	(2)
Art in Cyberspace	309	(2)
PART 3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEDIA AND METHODS	311	(102)
Sculpture	312	(21)
Carving	312	(8)
Michelangelo Buonarroti on Marble-Quarrying	313	(3)
Linda Howard on Computer-Aided Sculpture Design	316	(4)
Modeling	320	(3)
Casting	323	(5)
Benvenuto Cellini on A Near-Disastrous Casting	326	(2)
Assembling	328	(3)
Earthworks	331	(2)
Crafts	333	(21)
Clay	333	(5)
Paula Winokur on Working in Clay	336	(2)
Metal	338	(2)
Wood	340	(4)
George Nakashima on A Feeling for Wood	342	(2)
Glass	344	(3)
Fibers	347	(7)
Norma Minkowitz on The Interface Between Art and Craft	350	(4)
Product and Clothing Design	354	(10)
Industrial Design	354	(2)
Clothing Design	356	(8)
Architecture	364	(31)
Function	367	(7)
Structure	374	(21)
Hassan Fathy on Indigenous Architectural Ingenuity	380	(12)
Alvar Aalto on Humanizing Architecture	392	(3)
Designed Settings	395	(18)
Interior Design	395	(6)
Environmental Design	401	(7)
John Lyle on Sustainable Environmental Design	406	(2)
Visual Aspects of the Performing Arts	408	(5)
PART 4 ART IN TIME	413	(99)
Historical Styles in Western Art	414	(74)
The Beginnings of Western Art	418	(4)
Prehistoric	418	(1)
Aegean	419	(1)
Near Eastern	420	(1)
Egyptian	420	(2)
Art of Ancient Cultures	422	(7)
Greek	422	(3)
Roman	425	(1)
Early Christian and Byzantine	425	(4)
Medieval Art	429	(4)
Early Medieval	429	(1)
Romanesque	429	(1)
Gothic	429	(2)
Late Gothic	431	(2)
Renaissance Art	433	(11)
Early Renaissance in Italy	433	(3)
High Renaissance in Italy	436	(2)
Art Issues: Protecting Famous Artworks	438	(4)
Mannerism	442	(1)
Northern Renaissance	442	(2)
Baroque Art	444	(6)
Southern Baroque	444	(4)
Northern Baroque	448	(1)
Rococo	448	(2)
Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Art	450	(3)
Neoclassicism	450	(1)
Romanticism	451	(2)
Later Nineteenth-Century Art	453	(5)
Realism	453	(1)
Impressionism	453	(2)
Post-Impressionism	455	(1)
Paul Gauguin on Cross-Cultural Borrowings	456	(2)
Expressionism	458	(1)
Twentieth-Century Art	458	(30)
Fauvism	460	(1)
Cubism	461	(2)
Futurism	463	(1)
Abstract and Nonobjective Art	464	(1)
Dada	465	(1)
Surrealism	466	(1)
Traditional Realism	467	(1)
Abstract Expressionism	467	(1)
Post-Painterly Abstraction	468	(2)
Pop Art	470	(1)
New Realism	471	(1)
Technological Art	472	(3)
Installations, Performance Art, Earthworks, and Conceptual Art	475	(1)
Neoexpressionism	475	(2)
The Craft Object	477	(2)
Recognition of Women's Art	479	(1)
Recognition of Multi-Cultural Art	480	(2)
Deborah Muirhead on Art as Ancestral Exploration	482	(2)
Recognition of Outsider Art	484	(1)
Jon Serl Inside an Outsider's Mind	485	(1)
Art Issues: Art as Investment	486	(2)
Understanding Art on All Levels	488	(24)
Picasso's Guernica	489	(6)
Rodin's Gates of Hell	495	(5)
Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling	500	(7)
Moshe Safdie's Vancouver Library Square	507	(5)
Notes	512	(4)
Glossary/Pronunciation Guide	516	(12)
Artists' Pronunciation Guide	528	(2)
Credits	530	(2)
Index	532