The Art of War in the Western World

by Jones, Archer

• ISBN13: 9780252069666
• ISBN10: 0252069668
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-12-19
• Publisher: Univ of Illinois Pr

Summary

The magnum opus of one of America's most respected military historians, The Art of War in the Western World has earned its place as the standard work on how the three major operational components of war -- tactics, logistics, and strategy -- have evolved and changed over time. This monumental work encompasses 2,500 years of military history, from infantry combat in ancient Greece through the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the Thirty Years' War and from the Napoleonic campaigns through World War II, which Jones sees as the culmination of modern warfare, to the Israeli-Egyptian War of 1973.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xvii
Ancient Warfare	1	(91)
Tactics	2	(1)
Hand-to-Hand Combat on Foot	2	(4)
Combat on Foot with Missiles	6	(2)
Mounted Combat	8	(2)
Fortification and Siegecraft	10	(4)
Greek Heavy Infantry against Persian Light Infantry and Cavalry	14	(5)
Greek Light Infantry in Combat with Greek Heavy Infantry	19	(2)
Alexander's Conquests with a Complete Combined-Arms Army	21	(5)
The Roman Art of War	26	(2)
The Romans in Confrontation with the Alexandrian System of Pyrrhus and Hannibal	28	(4)
The Roman Victories with the Alexandrian System	32	(2)
The Roman Legion Perfected	34	(1)
The Romans against the Mounted Parthians	35	(4)
Summary of the Capabilities of the Four Weapon Systems	39	(6)
Logistics	45	(1)
The Provision of Soldiers and Supplies	45	(4)
Logistics Illustrated by Alexander's Persian Campaign	49	(5)
Strategy	54	(1)
Persisting and Raiding Strategies Distinguished	54	(3)
Alexander's Campaign: An Exemplification of Combat, Logistic, and Persisting Strategies	57	(5)
Alexander's Encounter with a Raiding Strategy	62	(3)
Military Victories without Political Support: Hannibal's Experience with the Fabian Strategy	65	(5)
A Rare Instance of the Use of Interior Lines of Operations in Ancient Times	70	(2)
Caesar's Strategy in the Conquest of Gaul	72	(3)
Caesar's Ilerda Campaign: An Unusual Occurrence of the Turning Movement	75	(5)
Caesar's Campaign against Pompey	80	(12)
Summary of Warfare on Land	81	(5)
Naval Warfare	86	(6)
The Diversity of the Medieval Ways of War, 200--1200	92	(56)
The Dissolution of the Roman Empire	92	(1)
Changes in Military Organization and Tactical Emphasis	93	(2)
Least Effort Exemplified: Byzantine Tactics and Strategy	95	(7)
The Stirrup's Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Cavalry	102	(2)
Western Europe's Struggle against Raiders	104	(5)
William's Combined-Arms Army in the Conquest of England	109	(5)
Attack and Defense of Fortifications	114	(4)
Medieval Tactics	118	(5)
Medieval Strategy: The Evesham and Bouvines Campaigns	123	(4)
Examples of an Offensive Persisting Strategy against Raiders	127	(7)
Combined-Arms Combat in the Crusades	134	(8)
Jenghiz Khan and Mongol Warfare	142	(2)
Summary of Medieval Tactics and Strategy	144	(4)
The Emergence of a New Combined-Arms Tactical Synthesis, 1200--1600	148	(66)
The French Version of Medieval Warfare	148	(2)
Changes in Logistics	150	(1)
Changes in Weapons	151	(3)
Persisting Strategy and the Completion of the English Conquest of Wales	154	(2)
The English Combined-Arms Tactical System in Scotland	156	(5)
The Beginning of the Hundred Years' War and the Crecy Campaign	161	(4)
The Hundred Years' War: English Raids and French Persisting Strategy	165	(4)
English Persisting Strategy in the Last Phase of the Hundred Years' War	169	(4)
The Experience of the English Tactical System in Spain	173	(1)
The Wagenburg	174	(1)
The Swiss Heavy Infantry	175	(3)
The Least Effort Warfare of the Italian Condottieri	178	(4)
Regional Tactical Systems in Conflict: The French Invasion of Italy	182	(4)
The Search for a Combined-Arms Synthesis: Italian Battles, 1512-25	186	(4)
The Spanish Combined-Arms Tactics	190	(4)
The New Fortifications	194	(1)
Another Influence of Technology on Tactics	195	(4)
The Manpower System in 1600	199	(3)
Sixteenth-Century Battles, Campaigns, and Strategy	202	(7)
Revolution in Naval Tactics and Logistics	209	(5)
The New Tactical Synthesis in Transition, 1600--1700	214	(53)
The Logistics of the Thirty Years' War	214	(7)
Gustavus Adolphus's Development of the Dutch Tactical System	221	(2)
Gustavus's Persisting Strategy and Employment of Distraction	223	(9)
Gustavus's Exploitation of the Triumph of His Linear System at Brietenfeld	232	(5)
Gustavus against Wallenstein: Logistic and Combat Strategies	237	(6)
The Impact of Gustavus's Tactics	243	(9)
The Logistics of the Late Seventeenth Century	252	(4)
Representative Late Seventeenth-Century Campaigns and Battles	256	(7)
The Development of Missile Warfare at Sea	263	(4)
The Primacy of the Line of Bayoneted Muskets, 1700--1791	267	(53)
The Bayonet, the Flintlock, and Further Changes in Tactics	267	(5)
Eighteenth-Century Logistics	272	(2)
The Strategy and Tactics of Marlborough's Campaigns	274	(9)
Persisting Strategy in North Italy	283	(6)
The Evolution of the Linear System	289	(5)
Tactics and Strategy as Exemplified in the Silesian Wars of Frederick the Great	294	(3)
The Seven Years' War: Tactics and Strategy in Defense against the Logistic Effects of a Persisting Strategy	297	(11)
Changes in Attrition in Relation to the Composition of Armies	308	(1)
Significant Developments in French Military Thought	309	(8)
Warfare in the Western Hemisphere	317	(1)
Warfare at Sea	318	(2)
Tactical and Strategic Transformation in the Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, 1791--1815	320	(67)
The Tactics and Strategy of the Opening Campaigns in the North	320	(10)
The Advent of General Bonaparte	330	(7)
The Strategic Turning Movement of the Marengo Campaign	337	(5)
Napoleonic Operations on a Larger Scale: The Strategic Turning Movement of Ulm and Distraction and Concentration at Austerlitz	342	(5)
Some Characteristics of Napoleon's Campaigns	347	(4)
The Augmented Significance of Numerical Superiority	351	(2)
Some Later Napoleonic Campaigns	353	(5)
Operations in Spain: The French Encounter the Raiding Strategy of Guerrilla Warfare	358	(9)
The Foundations of the French Conquests	367	(5)
The Military Legacy of the Napoleonic Era	372	(5)
The Tactics of Warfare at Sea	377	(4)
The Strategy of Warfare at Sea	381	(6)
Technological Change and Doctrinal Stability, 1815--1914	387	(47)
The Continuation of the Napoleonic Tradition in Radetzky's Victories	387	(3)
The Midcentury's New Infantry Weapons	390	(2)
The Prussian Staff and Manpower System	392	(4)
The New Prussian Army in Action against Austria	396	(2)
Decisive Turning Movements in the Franco-Prussian War	398	(9)
A Summary of the Tactics, Logistics, and Strategy of the Franco-Prussian War	407	(2)
The Strategy of the American Civil War	409	(9)
Two Instances of Combating the Raiding Strategy of Guerrilla Warfare	418	(1)
European Weapons, Armies, and Doctrine on the Eve of World War I	419	(4)
The Revolution in Naval Materiel and its Use in the Russo-Japanese War	423	(11)
The Apogee of the Defense: World War I, 1914--18	434	(55)
The German Concentration on Interior Lines and Effort to Turn the French	434	(5)
The Tactical, Logistical, and Strategic Conditions of the War	439	(2)
The German Exploitation of Interior Lines and a Turning Movement to Defeat the Russians	441	(2)
The Opening Naval Campaigns	443	(3)
Allied Naval Predominance Confirmed: The Battle of Jutland	446	(1)
The Submarine as a Commerce Raider	447	(2)
The Dominance of Artillery in the Siege Warfare on Land	449	(1)
The Development and Utility of Air Forces	450	(6)
The Tactics of Trench Warfare	456	(3)
The War in 1915 and 1916	459	(4)
The Search for a Technological Solution to the Tactical Deadlock	463	(4)
The German Quest for Victory through a Logistic Strategy Using Submarines	467	(1)
The New German Method of Defense	467	(5)
The New German Doctrine for Attack	472	(3)
The Campaigns of 1918 on the Western Front	475	(5)
A Turning Movement through Superior Mobility: The Megiddo Campaign	480	(3)
Summary of the Changes in Weapons, Tactics, and Logistics	483	(6)
Prelude to Renewed Conflict, 1919--39	489	(19)
The Full Development of Four New Weapon Systems	489	(8)
The French in Morocco: New Weapons and Old Strategy	497	(4)
Tactical and Strategic Use of Aircraft	501	(1)
A Russian Cannae	501	(1)
The Navies' Response to the New Weapons	502	(2)
Doctrinal Diversity	504	(4)
The Climax of Modern Warfare: World War II, 1939--45	508	(88)
The German Victory over Poland	508	(2)
The French and German Armies	510	(8)
French and German Plans	518	(2)
The New German Offensive Plan	520	(3)
The German Breakthrough in May 1940	523	(11)
The Causes of the German Breakthrough	534	(1)
The German Turning Movement	535	(4)
The German Victory: Napoleonic Warfare with Four Weapon Systems	539	(5)
Air Power in a Decisive Role: The Battle of Britain	544	(4)
The Strategic and Tactical Conditions of the Russo-German War	548	(4)
The Strategic Envelopments of the 1941 Campaign in Russia	552	(5)
The Debacle of the German Logistic Strategy of 1942 and the Conclusion of the Russo-German War	557	(2)
Distraction, Concentration, and Turning Movement Again: The Landing and Campaign in Normandy	559	(4)
The British Inauguration of Mounted Warfare in North Africa and the Defeat of the Italians	563	(2)
The Warfare of the Mounted British and German Armies	565	(4)
New and Improved Weapons	569	(7)
The Interaction of Technology with Strategy	576	(2)
Strategic Bombing	578	(5)
Combat at Sea with Two Types of Capital Ships	583	(6)
The German Submarine Campaign	589	(7)
After the World Wars: Consolidation and Technological Change, 1945--85	596	(17)
Changes in Weapons	596	(5)
The All-Mounted Army	601	(1)
The Israeli-Egyptian War of 1973	602	(7)
The Tactical Mixture of Old and New	609	(4)
Continuity and Change	613	(104)
Sea and Air Warfare	613	(1)
Chronological Survey	613	(3)
Recapitulation of the Characteristics of Naval Warfare	616	(3)
Summary of the Attributes of Aircraft in Warfare	619	(3)
Tactics	622	(1)
Chronological Summary	622	(7)
Technology and the Four Basic Weapon Systems	629	(1)
The Economics of Force Composition	630	(4)
The Role of Articulation and Offensive Troops in Concentrating against Weakness	634	(4)
Battles and Casualties	638	(5)
Logistics	643	(1)
Chronological Overview	643	(2)
Alternative Manpower Systems	645	(3)
Strategy	648	(1)
Chronological Summary	648	(14)
The Classifications of Military Strategy	662	(4)
The Influence of the Ratio of Force to Space	666	(1)
The Supremacy of Retreat Over Pursuit	667	(1)
Concentration against Weakness, Distraction, and the Principles of War	668	(2)
Compelling the Enemy to Fight, Turning Movements, and Concentration in Space and Time	670	(5)
The Nature and Objectives of a Raiding Strategy	675	(4)
Guerrilla Warfare as an Application of Raiding Strategy	679	(2)
Defense and Offense against Guerrilla Warfare	681	(9)
Summary of Alternatives Confronting Commanders	690	(14)
Continuity and Change	704	(13)
Notes	717	(8)
Index	725