Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
Purchase Benefits
What is included with this book?
INTRODUCTION TO AI AND SOFT COMPUTING | |
Evolution of Computing | |
Defining AI | |
General Problem Solving Approaches in AI | |
The Disciplines of AI | |
A Brief History of AI | |
Characteristic Requirement for the Realization of Intelligent Systems | |
Programming Languages for AI | |
Architecture for AI Machines | |
Objective and Scope of the Book | |
Summary | |
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF COGNITION | |
Introduction | |
The Cognitive Perspective of Pattern Recognition | |
Cognitive Models of Memory | |
Mental Imagery | |
Understanding a Problem | |
A Cybernetic View to Cognition | |
Scope of Realization of Cognition in AI | |
Summary | |
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS | |
Introduction | |
Production Rules | |
The Working Memory | |
The Control Unit / Interpreter | |
Conflict Resolution Strategies | |
An Alternative Approach for Conflict Resolution | |
An Illustrative Production System | |
The RETE Match Algorithm | |
Types of Production Systems | |
Forward versus Backward Production Systems | |
General Merits of a Production System | |
Knowledge Base Optimization in a Production System | |
Conclusions | |
PROBLEM SOLVING BY INTELLIGENT SEARCH | |
Introduction | |
General Problem Solving Approaches | |
Heuristic Search | |
Adversary Search | |
Conclusions | |
THE LOGIC OF PROPOSITIONS AND PREDICATES | |
Introduction | |
Formal Definitions | |
Tautologies in Propositional Logic | |
Theorem Proving by Propositional Logic | |
Resolution in Propositional Logic | |
Soundness and Completeness of Propositional Logic | |
Predicate Logic | |
Writing a Sentence into Clause Forms | |
Unification of Predicates | |
Robinson's Inference Rule | |
Different Types of Resolution | |
Semi-Decidability | |
Soundness and Completeness of Predicate Logic | |
Conclusions | |
PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC PROGRAMMING | |
Introduction to PROLOG Programming | |
Logic Programs - A Formal Definition | |
A Scene Interpretation Program | |
Illustrating Backtracking by flow of Satisfaction Diagrams | |
The SLD Resolution | |
Controlling Backtracking by CUT | |
The NOT Predicate | |
Negation as a Failure in Extended Logic Programs | |
Fixed Points in Non-Horn Clause Based Programs | |
Constraint Logic Programming | |
Conclusions | |
DEFAULT AND NON-MONOTONIC REASONING | |
Introduction | |
Monotonic versus Non-Monotonic Logic | |
Non-Monotonic Resoning Using NML-I | |
Fixed Points in Non-Monotonic Reasoning | |
Non-Monotonic Resoning Using NML-II | |
Truth Maintenance System | |
Default Reasoning | |
The Closed World Assumption | |
Circumscription | |
Auto-Epistemic Logic | |
Conclusions | |
STRUCTURED APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION | |
Introduction | |
Semantic Nets | |
Inheritance in Semantic Nets | |
Manipulating Monotonic and Default Inheritance in Semantic Nets | |
Defeasible Reasoning in Semantic Nets | |
Frames | |
Inheritance in Tangled Frames | |
Petri nets | |
Conceptual Dependency | |
Scripts | |
Conclusions | |
DEALING WITH IMPRECISION AND UNCERTAINTY | |
Introduction | |
Probabilistic Reasoning | |
Certainty Factor Based Reasoning | |
Fuzzy Reasoning | |
Comparison of the Proposed Models | |
STRUCTURED APPROACH TO FUZZY REASONING | |
Introduction | |
Structural Model of Fuzzy FPN and Reachability Analysis | |
Behavioral Model of FPN and Stability Analysis | |
Forward Reasoning in FPN | |
Backward Reasoning in FPN | |
Bi-directional IFF Type Reasoning and Reciprocity | |
Fuzzy Modus Tollens and Duality | |
Non-Monotonic Reasoning in an FPN | |
Conclusions | |
REASONING WITH SPACE AND TIME | |
Introduction | |
Spatial Reasoning | |
Spatial Relationships among Components of an Object | |
Fuzzy Spatial Relationships among Objects | |
Temporal Reasoning by Situation Calculus | |
Propositional Temporal Logic | |
Interval Temporal Logic | |
Reasoning with Both Space and Time | |
Conclusions | |
INTELLIGENT PLANNING | |
Introduction | |
Planning with If-Add-Delete Operators | |
Least Commitment Planning | |
Hierarchical Task Network Planning | |
Multi-agent Planning | |
The Flowshop Scheduling Problem | |
Summary | |
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES | |
Introduction | |
Supervised Learning | |
Unsupervised Learning | |
Reinforcement Learning | |
Learning by Inductive Logic Programming | |
Computational Learning Theory | |
Summary | |
MACHINE LEARNING USING NEURAL NETS | |
Biological Neural Nets | |
Artificial Neural Nets | |
Topology of Artificial Neural Nets | |
Learning Using Neural Nets | |
The Back-Propagation Training Algorithm | |
Widrow-Hoff's Multi-Layers ADALINE Models | |
Hopfield Neural Net | |
Associative Memory | |
Fuzzy Neural Nets | |
Self-Organizing Neural Net | |
Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) | |
Applications of Artificial Neural Nets | |
GENETIC ALGORITHMS | |
Introduction | |
Deterministic Explanation of Holland's Observation | |
Stochastic Explanation of GA | |
The Markov Model for Convergence Analysis | |
Application of GA in Optimization Problems | |
Application of GA in Machine Learning | |
Applications of GA in Intelligent Search | |
Genetic Programming | |
Conclusions | |
REALIZING COGNITION USING FUZZY NEURAL NETS | |
Cognitive Maps | |
Learning by a Cognitive Map | |
The Recall in a Cognitive Map | |
Stability Analysis | |
Cognitive Learning with FPN | |
Applications in Autopilots | |
Generation of Control Commands by a Cognitive Map | |
Task Planning and Coordination | |
Putting it all Together | |
Conclusions and Future Directions | |
VISUAL PERCEPTION | |
Introduction | |
Low level Vision | |
Medium Level Vision | |
High Level Vision | |
Conclusions | |
LINGUISTIC PERCEPTION | |
Introduction | |
Syntactic Analysis | |
Augmented Transition Network Parsers | |
Semantic Interpretation by Case Grammar and Type Hierarchy | |
Discourse and Pragmatic Analysis | |
Applications of Natural Language Understanding | |
PROBLEM SOLVING BY CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION | |
Introduction | |
Formal Definitions | |
Constraint Propagation in Networks | |
Determining Satisfiability of CSP | |
Constraint Logic Programming | |
Geometric Constraint Satisfaction | |
Conclusions | |
ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE | |
Introduction | |
Manual Approach for Knowledge Acquisition | |
Knowledge Fusion from Multiple Experts | |
Machine Learning Approach for Knowledge Acquisition | |
Knowledge Refinement by Hebbian Learning | |
Conclusions | |
VALIDATION, VERIFICATION AND MAINTENANCE ISSUES | |
Introduction | |
Valildation of Expert Systems | |
Verification of Knowledge Based System | |
Maintenance of Knowledge Based Systems | |
Conclusions | |
PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS | |
Introduction | |
Salient Features of AI Machines | |
Parallelism in Heuristic Search | |
Parallelism at Knowledge Representational Level | |
Parallel Architecture for Logic Programming | |
Conclusions | |
CASE STUDY I: BUILDING A SYSTEM FOR CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION | |
An Overview of the Proposed Scheme | |
Introduction to Image Matching | |
Fingerprint Classification and Matching | |
Identification of the Suspects from Voice | |
Identification of the Suspects from Incidental Descriptions | |
Conclusions | |
CASE STUDY II: REALIZATION OF COGNITION FOR MOBILE ROBOTS | |
Mobile Robots | |
Scope of Realization of Cognition on Mobile Robots | |
Knowing the Robot's World | |
Types of Navigational Planning Problems | |
Offline Planning by Generalized Voronoi Diagram (GVD) | |
Path Traversal Optimization Problem | |
Self-Orgainizing Map (SOM) | |
Online Navigation by Modular Back-Propagation Neural Nets | |
Coordination among Sub-Modules in a Mobile Robot | |
An Application in a Soccer Playing Robot | |
The Expectations from the Readers | |
APPENDIX A: How to Run the Sample Programs? | |
APPENDIX B: Derivation of the Back-propagation Algorithm | |
APPENDIX C: Proof of the Theorems of Chapter 10 | |
INDEX |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.