Assessment and Treatment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders in Children : A Dual Level Text

by Pena-Brooks, Adriana

• ISBN13: 9780890798461
• ISBN10: 089079846X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Pro Ed

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Introduction	xvii
Anatomy and Neuroanatomy of Speech Production
Basic Unit The Structural Mechanisms of Speech Production	2	(22)
Overview	3	(1)
Respiratory Mechanism	4	(4)
Phonatory Mechanism	8	(6)
Resonatory Mechanism	14	(1)
Articulatory Mechanism	15	(4)
Auditory Mechanism	19	(3)
Summary of the Basic Unit	22	(2)
Advanced Unit The Neuroanatomical Bases of Speech Production	24	(26)
Overview	24	(1)
Major Divisions of the Nervous System	25	(17)
Integrating the Systems: Neuromotor Control of Speech	42	(5)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	47	(3)
Perspectives in Articulation and Phonology
Basic Unit Basic perspectives in Articulation and Phonology	50	(49)
Phonetics	51	(3)
Quick Review of the Speech Production Mechanism	54	(2)
Phoneme Classification	56	(20)
Speech Production: A Dynamic Human Behavior	76	(1)
Phonological Rules of a Language	77	(3)
Phonological Processes	80	(14)
Clinical Distinction Between Articulation and Phonology	94	(3)
Summary of the Basic Unit	97	(2)
Advanced Unit Advanced Perspectives in Articulation and Phonology	99	(21)
Aerodynamic Aspects of Speech	99	(3)
Acoustic Aspects of Speech	102	(2)
Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech	104	(4)
Varied Phonological Theories	108	(4)
Evaluation and Clinical Implications of Phonological Theories	112	(3)
The Clinician and the Theoretician	115	(1)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	116	(4)
Development of Articulation and Phonological Skills
Basic Unit Normal Development of Articulation and Phonological Skills from Infancy Through the Early School Years	120	(43)
Prelingusitic Development	121	(12)
From Babbling to Meaningful Speech: The Transition Period	133	(1)
Development of Meaningful Speech: The First Real Words	134	(2)
Development of the Sound System	136	(14)
Patterns of Development	150	(8)
Speech Intelligibility	158	(1)
Development in the School Years: Phonological Awareness and the Acquisition of Reading	159	(1)
Bilingual and Ethnocultural Variables in the Development of Articulation and Phonological Skills	160	(1)
Summary of the Basic Unit	161	(2)
Advanced Unit Theories of Articulation and Phonological Development	163	(13)
Methodological and Theoretical Issues in Speech Perception and Discrimination Research	163	(1)
Theories of Articulation and Phonological Development	164	(6)
Comparative Evaluation of Linguistic and Behavioral Explanations	170	(3)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	173	(3)
Variables Associated with Articulation and Phonological Development and Performance
Basic Unit Variables Related to Articulation and Phonological Development and Performance	176	(18)
Anatomic, Neurologic, and Physiologic Factors	176	(6)
Motor Skills	182	(1)
Sensory Variables	183	(4)
Language Skills	187	(2)
Personal Characteristics	189	(1)
Familial Prevalence	190	(1)
Tongue Thrust	191	(1)
Summary of the Basic Unit	192	(2)
Advanced Unit Research on Variables Associated with Articulation and Phonological Development	194	(10)
Logical and Conceptual Problem	194	(5)
Methodologic Problems	199	(1)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	200	(4)
Ethnocultural Variables Affecting Articulation and Phonological Development
Basic Unit Ehtnocultural Variables of Articulation and Phonological Development	204	(38)
African American English	206	(9)
Native American Languages	215	(5)
Spanish Language	220	(8)
Asian and Pacific Islander Languages	228	(10)
Guidelines on Working with Children Who Have Dual Phonological Repertoire	238	(2)
Summary of the Basic Unit	240	(2)
Advanced Unit Theoretical and Clinical Issues in Bilingual Phonology	242	(11)
Theoretical Issues in Bilingual Phonology	242	(6)
Clinical Issues in Bilingual Phonology	248	(2)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	250	(3)
Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders
Basic Unit General Assessment Procedures with Articulation and Phonological Disorders	253	(76)
General Principles of Assessment	254	(4)
Assessment Objectives	258	(1)
Conducting a Speech Screening	258	(4)
Gathering a Case History	262	(7)
Performing an Orofacial Examination	269	(9)
Conducting a Hearing Screening	278	(1)
Administration Standardized Articulation and Phonological Tests	279	(13)
Collecting a Connected Speech Sample	292	(5)
Conducting Stimulability Testing	297	(1)
Performing Contextual Testing	298	(2)
Speech Discrimination Testing	300	(1)
Analyzing and Interpreting the Assessment Information	301	(16)
Making a Diagnosis	317	(3)
Determining the Prognosis for Improvement	320	(3)
Making Treatment Recommendations	323	(1)
Conducting an Information-Giving Interview	324	(1)
Writing a Diagnostic Report	325	(1)
Summary of the Basic Unit	326	(3)
Advanced Unit Description and Assessment of Various Organic and Neurogenic Speech Disorders	329	(50)
Apraxia of Speech in Adults	239	(97)
Development Apraxia of Speech	336	(6)
Dysarthria	342	(15)
Cerebral Palsy	357	(6)
Cleft Lip and Palate	363	(6)
Hearing Impairment	369	(6)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	375	(4)
Treatment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders
Basic Unit Basic Principles and Procedures in the Treatment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders	379	(76)
Selecting Potential Target Behaviors	380	(13)
Deciding on the Number of Sounds or Patters To Teach	393	(2)
Establishing Baselines	395	(3)
Determining the Linguistic Level of Training and Preparing Appropriate Stimulus Materials	398	(3)
Developing Measurable Objectives	401	(3)
Planning and Developing a Treatment Program	404	(2)
Establishing the Motor Production of Sounds	406	(4)
Increasing and Strengthening Established Behaviors	410	(20)
Probing for Generalized Responses	430	(5)
Implementing a Maintenance Program	435	(8)
Dismissing the Client from Therapy, Performing Follow-Up Assessments, and Providing Booster Therapy	443	(1)
Using Specific Treatment Activities	444	(4)
Assessing and Treating Phonological Awareness Skills in School-Age Children: A Basic Introduction to the Topic	448	(4)
Summary of the Basic Unit	452	(3)
Advanced Unit Treatment of Various Organic and Neurogenic Speech Disorders	455	(74)
Apraxia of Speech	455	(8)
Development Apraxia of Speech	463	(2)
Dysarthria	465	(2)
Cerebral Palsy	467	(2)
Cleft Palate	469	(3)
Hearing Impairment	472	(1)
Summary of the Advanced Unit	473	(4)
Specific Treatment Programs and Approaches
Traditional Approach	477	(9)
Sensorimotor Approach	486	(8)
Multiple-Phoneme Approach	494	(6)
Paired-Stimuli Approach	500	(4)
Programmed Conditioning for Articulation: A Behavioral Approach	504	(6)
Distinctive Feature Approach	510	(4)
Cycles Approach	514	(5)
Phonological Knowledge Approach	519	(4)
Contrast Therapy Approach	523	(3)
Research Support and Further Research Needs	526	(3)
References	529	(22)
Appendixes	551	(102)
Appendix A: Muscles and Nerves Involved in the Production of English Consonants	552	(13)
Appendix B: The International Phonetic Alphabet	565	(2)
Appendix C: Definition of Other Phonological Processes	567	(2)
Appendix D: Passages for Screenings with Older Children and Adults	569	(4)
Appendix E: Sample Referral Letter to an Audiologist	573	(2)
Appendix F: Words and Sentences for Stimulability Testing	575	(6)
Appendix G: Worksheet for Traditional analysis: Types of Errors	581	(2)
Appendix H: Worksheet for Place, Voicing, Manner (PVM) Analysis	583	(4)
Appendix I: Worksheet for Identifying Phonological Processes	587	(2)
Appendix J: Sample Diagnostic Reports	589	(8)
Appendix K: Baseline Data Sheet	597	(2)
Appendix L: Sample Treatment Plans	599	(8)
Appendix M: Sound-Evoking Techniques for English Consonants	607	(42)
Appendix N: Treatment Recording Sheet	649	(2)
Appendix O: Probe Recording Sheet	651	(2)
Glossary	653	(28)
Index	681	(8)
About the Authors	689