Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks

by Farzaneh, Masoud

• ISBN13: 9781402085307
• ISBN10: 1402085303
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-09-03
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

"Atmospheric ice takes a wide range of fascinating forms, all beautiful in their own ways but many posing severe risk to the security of overhead networks for electric power, communications and other systems. This comprehensive book documents the fundamentals of atmospheric icing and surveys the state of the art in eight chapters, each written by a team of experienced and internationally renowned experts. The treatment is detailed and richly illustrated. The presentation follows a logical sequence, starting with the icing climate and meteorological conditions, proceeding through development of observations and models of accretion and release of ice and heavy snow, then considering static and dynamic mechanical loads, the effects of ice and snow on electrical insulation, de-icing, ice prevention and mitigation methods. The statistical analysis of icing data and the mathematical and numerical modelling support appropriate mechanical and electrical design processes for icing conditions on overhead lines. Technical specialists, researchers and students in engineering and environmental science will all find value throughout the text."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Modern Meteorology and Atmospheric Icing	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Atmospheric Icing - A Brief Survey of Icing Processes and their Meteorological Aspects	p. 4
Icing Models	p. 7
Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Models	p. 9
Some Preliminary Applications of Fine-Scale Models	p. 11
Condensation Schemes in NWP Models - Relevance for Icing Prediction	p. 17
A Case Study: Using Numerical Weather Prediction Models to Forecast In-cloud Atmospheric Icing Episodes	p. 21
Concluding Comments	p. 26
References	p. 27
Statistical Analysis of Icing Event Data for Transmission Line Design Purposes	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Measurements and Database	p. 32
Statistical Analysis and Modelling Ice Loads on Overhead Transmission Lines	p. 40
Conclusions	p. 78
References	p. 80
Numerical Modelling of Icing on Power Network Equipment	p. 83
Introduction	p. 83
The Fundamental Equation of Icing	p. 85
Computing the Rate of Icing	p. 89
Numerical Modelling	p. 100
Conclusions	p. 106
References	p. 110
Wet Snow Accretion on Overhead Lines	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Microphysics of Wet Snow	p. 119
Thermodynamic Analysis of Heat Exchanges	p. 121
Modelling the Cylindrical Growth of Wet Snow Sleeves	p. 129
Simulation of Accretion Mechanisms in Wind Tunnel Conditions	p. 131
Observation of Accretion Mechanisms in Natural Climatic Conditions	p. 140
Applications to Forecasting, Preventing, and Mapping the Wet Snow Overload Hazard	p. 154
References	p. 166
Effect of Ice and Snow on the Dynamics of Transmission Line Conductors	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Aeolian Vibrations	p. 172
Wake-induced Oscillations	p. 179
Galloping Conductors	p. 182
Protection Methods for Galloping	p. 209
Galloping Amplitudes	p. 214
Ice Shedding	p. 219
Bundle Rolling	p. 222
Conclusion	p. 224
References	p. 225
Anti-icing and De-icing Techniques for Overhead Lines	p. 229
Introduction	p. 229
Anti-icing Techniques	p. 230
De-icing Techniques	p. 236
Joule-Effect Methods	p. 245
Methods for Limiting Ice Accretion Weight	p. 252
Practical Aspects	p. 255
New Developments in Anti-icing Methods	p. 258
Conclusions	p. 264
References	p. 265
Effects of Ice and Snow on the Electrical Performance of Power Network Insulators	p. 269
Introduction	p. 269
Insulator Functions, Dimensions and Materials	p. 270
Ice and Snow Accretion on Insulators	p. 271
Ice Flashover Processes and Mechanisms	p. 278
Cold-Fog Flashover Process and Mechanisms	p. 283
Snow Flashover Process and Mechanisms	p. 286
Mathematical Modelling of Flashovers on Insulators Covered with Ice or Snow	p. 291
Recommended Test Methods	p. 301
Insulation Coordination for Ice and Snow Conditions	p. 306
Mitigation Options to Improve Network Reliability in Winter Flashover Conditions	p. 314
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 322
References	p. 323
Design of Transmission Lines for Atmospheric Icing	p. 327
Introduction	p. 327
Types of Atmospheric Icing Accretion	p. 328
Ice Accretion on Overhead Line Conductors and Structures	p. 329
Ice Load Measurements	p. 333
Standards for Ice Loads	p. 335
Transmission Line System	p. 338
Design Methodology	p. 343
Deterministic Design Approach	p. 344
Reliability-based Design (RBD) Approach	p. 346
Return Period	p. 349
Variability of Component Resistance	p. 349
Other Loads	p. 351
Ice/Snow Accretion Mitigation Techniques	p. 356
Lessons from the 1998 Ice Storm	p. 356
Concluding Remarks	p. 357
Appendix	p. 358
References	p. 369
Index	p. 373
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