Atomic Structure and Periodicity

by Barrett, Jack; Davies, A. G.; Phillips, David; Abel, E. W.

• ISBN13: 9780854046577
• ISBN10: 0854046577
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-02-28
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Summary

Atomic Structure and Periodicity presents basic atomic theory as given in first and second year courses at university. It demonstrates that the structure of the Periodic Table as we know it is based on sound principles. Throughout the book, theoretical concepts are presented, along with the experimental evidence for them. Foundations are laid in the introductory chapter, which deals with fundamental particles, electromagnetic radiation and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Atomic orbitals are then described, using a minimum of mathematics, followed by a discussion of the electron configurations of the elements. Further chapters reveal the relationships between the electronic configurations of the elements and some properties of their atoms; and the variations in the properties of their fluorides and oxides across the periods and down the groups of the Periodic Table.

Table of Contents

Atomic Particles, Photons and the Quantization of Electron Energies; Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle	p. 1
Fundamental Particles	p. 1
Electromagnetic Radiation	p. 5
The Photoelectric Effect	p. 8
Wave-Particle Duality	p. 11
The Bohr Frequency Condition	p. 13
The Hydrogen Atom	p. 14
The Observation of Electrons; the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle	p. 17
Atomic Orbitals	p. 21
The Hydrogen Atom	p. 21
The Electronic Configurations of Atoms; the Periodic Classification of the Elements	p. 35
Polyelectronic Atoms	p. 36
The Electronic Configurations and Periodic Classification of the Elements	p. 42
The Electronic Configurations of Elements Beyond Neon	p. 50
The Periodic Table Summarized	p. 56
Periodicity I: Some Atomic Properties; Relativistic Effects	p. 59
Periodicity of Ionization Energies	p. 59
Variations in Electron Attachment Energies	p. 70
Variations in Atomic Size	p. 74
Electronegativity	p. 85
Relativistic Effects	p. 91
Periodicity II: Valencies and Oxidation States	p. 99
An Overview of Chemical Bonding	p. 99
Valency and Oxidation State: Differences of Terminology	p. 109
Valency and the Octet and 18-Electron Rules	p. 111
Periodicity of Valency and Oxidation States in the s- and p-Block Elements	p. 117
Oxidation States of the Transition Elements	p. 120
Oxidation States of the f-Block Elements	p. 123
Periodicity III: Standard Enthalpies of Atomization of the Elements	p. 127
Periodicity of the Standard Enthalpies of Atomization of the Elements	p. 127
Periodicity IV: Fluorides and Oxides	p. 142
The Fluorides and Oxides of the Elements	p. 142
Fluorides of the Elements	p. 143
Oxides of the Elements	p. 152
Answers to Problems	p. 168
Subject Index	p. 177
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