Audel HVAC Fundamentals, Volume 3 Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps and Distribution Systems

by Brumbaugh, James E.

• ISBN13: 9780764542084
• ISBN10: 0764542087
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-08-06
• Publisher: Audel

Summary

Keep it cool or heat things upThis third volume of Audel's HVAC Library gives you a comprehensive, hands-on guide to installing, servicing, and repairing all basic air-conditioning systems in both new and older construction. You'll also find complete coverage of specialized heating units-radiators, radiant heating systems, stoves, fireplaces, heat pumps, and indoor/outdoor pool heaters, plus fans, exhaust systems, air filters, and more. It's what you need to complete your HVAC reference library. Make accurate calculations for AC system output Tailor AC systems for older construction Learn to install and service today's popular electronic air cleaners and filters Service less common heating systems such as coal-fired furnaces Install, maintain, and repair humidifiers and dehumidifers Handle radiators, convectors, and baseboard heating units

Author Biography

<b>James E. Brumbaugh</b> has spent twenty years in the residential and light commercial construction industry. An accomplished, hands-on educator, he has written more than fifteen books on HVAC, construction, and the building trades.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xvii
About the Author	xix
Chapter 1 Radiant Heating	1	(70)
Types of Radiant Panel Heating Systems	2	(4)
Floor Panel Systems	2	(1)
Ceiling Panel Systems	2	(3)
Wall Panel Systems	5	(1)
Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating	6	(46)
System Components	6	(22)
Designing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System	28	(13)
Coils and Coil Patterns	41	(3)
Installing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System (PEX Tubing)	44	(5)
Servicing and Maintaining Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating Systems	49	(1)
Troubleshooting Hydronic Floor Radiant Heating Systems	49	(2)
Hydronic Radiant Heating Snow- and Ice-Melting Systems	51	(1)
Electric Radiant Floor Heating	52	(16)
Installing Electric Heating Mats or Rolls	58	(7)
Installing Electric Cable	65	(2)
Servicing and Maintaining an Electric Radiant Floor Heating System	67	(1)
Troubleshooting Electric Radiant Floor Heating Systems	67	(1)
Cooling for Hydronic Radiant Floor Systems	68	(3)
Chapter 2 Radiators, Convectors, and Unit Heaters	71	(74)
Radiators	72	(28)
Radiator Efficiency	74	(3)
Radiator Heat Output	77	(1)
Sizing Radiators	78	(1)
Installing Radiators	79	(7)
Radiator Valves	86	(6)
Radiator Piping Connections	92	(1)
Vents and Venting	93	(6)
Steam Traps	99	(1)
Troubleshooting Radiators	99	(1)
Convectors	100	(7)
Convector Piping Connections	101	(5)
Hydronic Fan Convectors	106	(1)
Troubleshooting Hydronic Fan Convectors	106	(1)
Steam and Hot-Water Baseboard Heaters	107	(12)
Construction Details	108	(4)
Integral Fin-and-Tube Baseboard Heaters	112	(1)
Installing Baseboard Units	113	(6)
Baseboard Heater Maintenance	119	(1)
Electric Baseboard Heaters	119	(8)
Installing Electric Baseboard Heaters	124	(3)
Kickspace Heaters	127	(2)
Floor and Window Recessed Heaters	129	(1)
Unit Heaters	130	(15)
Unit Heater Piping Connections	135	(3)
Unit Heater Controls	138	(2)
Gas-Fired Unit Heaters	140	(1)
Oil-Fired Unit Heaters	141	(4)
Chapter 3 Fireplaces, Stoves, and Chimneys	145	(34)
Fireplaces	145	(11)
Fireplace Location	145	(1)
Fireplace Dimensions	146	(3)
Fireplace Construction Details	149	(1)
Firebox, Lintel, and Mantel	150	(1)
Fireplace Hearth	151	(1)
Ash Dump, Ashpit, and Cleanout Door	152	(1)
Smoke Chamber	152	(1)
Fireplace Dampers	153	(3)
Modified Fireplaces	156	(1)
Freestanding Fireplaces	157	(1)
Rumford Fireplace	158	(4)
Chimney Draft	162	(2)
Chimney Construction Details	164	(1)
Chimney Flues and Chimney Liners	165	(2)
Smoke Pipe	167	(1)
Cleanout Trap	168	(1)
Chimney Downdraft	168	(1)
Prefabricated Metal Chimneys	169	(1)
Troubleshooting Fireplaces and Chimneys	169	(1)
Stoves, Ranges, and Heaters	169	(8)
Installation Instructions	177	(1)
Operating Instructions	178	(1)
Chapter 4 Water Heaters	179	(70)
Types of Water Heaters	179	(13)
Direct-Fired Water Heaters	180	(1)
Automatic Storage Water Heaters	180	(2)
Multicoil Water Heaters	182	(1)
Multiflue Water Heaters	183	(1)
Instantaneous Water Heaters	184	(1)
Indirect Water Heaters	185	(4)
Quick-Recovery Heaters	189	(1)
Slow-Recovery Heaters	189	(1)
Heat Pump Water Heaters	190	(1)
Combination Water Heaters	191	(1)
Water Heater Construction Details	192	(17)
Water Storage Tanks	193	(1)
Tank Fittings	194	(1)
Dip Tubes	194	(3)
Anodes	197	(1)
Valves	197	(1)
Safety Relief Valves	197	(9)
Vacuum Relief Valve	206	(3)
Gas-Fired Water Heaters	209	(1)
Storage Capacity	209	(1)
Gas Burners	210	(1)
Automatic Controls on Gas-Fired Water Heaters	210	(11)
Combination Gas Valve	221	(4)
Installation and Operation of Gas-Fired Water Heaters	225	(5)
Hot-Water Circulating Methods	230	(1)
Building and Safety Code Requirements	230	(1)
Lighting and Operating Instructions	231	(1)
Installation and Maintenance Checklist	232	(1)
Troubleshooting Gas-Fired Water Heaters	233	(5)
Oil-Fired Water Heaters	238	(2)
Electric Water Heaters	240	(2)
Troubleshooting Electric Water Heaters	242	(3)
Manual Water Heaters	245	(1)
Assembly and Installation of Manual Water Heaters	246	(1)
Solar Water Heaters	246	(3)
Chapter 5 Heating Swimming Pools	249	(32)
Classifying Pool Heaters	251	(4)
Gas-Fired Pool Heaters	255	(4)
Oil-Fired Pool Heaters	259	(1)
Electric Pool Heaters	260	(3)
Heat-Exchanger Pool Heaters	263	(1)
Solar Pool Heaters	264	(3)
Heat Pump Pool Heaters	267	(1)
Sizing Pool Heaters	267	(4)
The Surface-Area Method	270	(1)
The Time-Rise Method	271	(1)
Sizing Indoor Pool Heaters	271	(1)
Installing Pool Heaters	271	(2)
Pool Heater Repair and Maintenance	273	(1)
Troubleshooting Pool Heaters and Equipment	274	(7)
Chapter 6 Ventilation Principles	281	(34)
The Motive Force	282	(1)
Inductive Action of the Wind	282	(3)
Induced Draft	285	(1)
Combined Force of Wind Effect and Thermal Effect	285	(2)
Mechanical Ventilation	287	(1)
Air Ventilation Requirements	287	(2)
Roof Ventilators	289	(1)
Types of Roof Ventilators	289	(6)
Stationary-Head Ventilators	290	(1)
Revolving Ventilators	290	(1)
Turbine Ventilators	291	(2)
Ridge Ventilators	293	(1)
Siphonage Ventilators	294	(1)
Fan Ventilators	294	(1)
Components of a Roof Ventilator	295	(1)
Motive Force to Cause Air Circulation	296	(1)
Capacity of Ventilators	296	(2)
Design and Placement of Inlet Air Openings	298	(1)
Fresh Air Requirements	299	(1)
Ventilator Bases	299	(3)
Angle Rings	302	(1)
Stiffener Angles	303	(1)
Prefabricated Roof Curbs	303	(1)
Ventilator Dampers	304	(3)
Louver Dampers	305	(1)
Sliding Sleeve Dampers	306	(1)
Sliding Cone Dampers	306	(1)
Butterfly Dampers	306	(1)
Method of Calculating Number and Size of Ventilators Required	307	(1)
Ventilator Calculation Examples	308	(1)
Air Leakage	309	(1)
Garage Ventilation	310	(1)
Ventilation of Kitchens	311	(1)
General Ventilation Rules	312	(3)
Chapter 7 Ventilation and Exhaust Fans	315	(46)
Codes and Standards	315	(1)
Definitions	315	(2)
Types of Fans	317	(2)
Furnace Blowers	319	(1)
Basic Fan Laws	319	(2)
Series and Parallel Fan Operation	321	(1)
Fan Performance Curves	322	(1)
General Ventilation	322	(4)
Determining CFM by the Air-Change Method	323	(2)
Determining CFM by the Heat Removal Method	325	(1)
Determining Air Intake	326	(1)
Screen Efficiency	326	(1)
Static Pressure	327	(1)
Local Ventilation	328	(4)
Exhaust-Hood Design Recommendations	332	(1)
Fan Motors	333	(4)
Troubleshooting Fans	337	(4)
Fan Selection	341	(3)
Fan Installation	344	(1)
Fan Installation Checklist	344	(3)
Air Volume Control	347	(1)
Noise Control	347	(1)
Fan Applications	347	(1)
Attic Ventilating Fans	348	(7)
Exhaust Fans	355	(1)
Kitchen Exhaust Fans	355	(1)
Bathroom Exhaust Fans	356	(1)
Whole-House Ventilation	356	(5)
Chapter 8 Air-Conditioning	361	(62)
Properties of Air	362	(8)
Humidity	362	(3)
Temperature	365	(3)
Pressure	368	(2)
Compression and Cooling	370	(2)
Measuring the Physical Properties of Air	372	(2)
Cleaning and Filtering the Air	374	(2)
Standards of Comfort	376	(1)
The Comfort Chart	377	(2)
Cooling Load Estimate Form	379	(4)
Indoor-Outdoor Design Conditions	383	(1)
Ventilation Requirements	384	(2)
Cooling a Structure	386	(8)
External Sources of Heat	386	(6)
Internal Sources of Heat	392	(2)
Calculating Infiltration and Ventilation Heat Gain	394	(1)
Rule-of-Thumb Methods for Sizing Air Conditioners	394	(1)
HVAC Contractor's Cooling Load Estimate	395	(1)
Using the ACCA Design Manuals for Sizing Air-Conditioning Systems	396	(1)
Central Air-Conditioning	397	(24)
Cooling Methods	397	(13)
Central Air-Conditioning Applications	410	(11)
Room Air Conditioners	421	(2)
Chapter 9 Air-Conditioning Equipment	423	(48)
Mechanical Refrigeration Equipment	423	(1)
Compressors	424	(6)
Troubleshooting Compressors	430	(5)
Compressor Replacement	435	(1)
Electric Motors	435	(1)
Troubleshooting Electrical Motors	436	(1)
Gas Engines	437	(1)
Electrical Components	437	(1)
Troubleshooting Electrical Components	438	(1)
Condenser	439	(4)
Condenser Service and Maintenance	442	(1)
Troubleshooting Condensers	443	(1)
Receiver	443	(4)
Evaporator	447	(1)
Evaporator Service and Maintenance	447	(1)
Troubleshooting Evaporators	447	(1)
Refrigerants	448	(1)
Liquid Refrigerant Control Devices	449	(1)
Automatic Expansion Valves	449	(1)
Thermostatic Expansion Valves	450	(3)
Float Valves	453	(1)
Capillary Tubes	454	(1)
Refrigerant Piping	454	(3)
Refrigerant Piping Service and Maintenance	455	(1)
Troubleshooting Refrigerant Piping	456	(1)
Filters and Dryers	457	(1)
Pressure-Limiting Controls	457	(1)
Water-Regulating Valves	458	(1)
Automatic Controls	459	(1)
System Troubleshooting	459	(1)
General Servicing and Maintenance	460	(11)
Regular Maintenance	463	(1)
Pumping Down	464	(1)
Purging	464	(1)
Evacuating the System	464	(1)
Charging	465	(2)
Silver-Brazing Repairs	467	(4)
Chapter 10 Heat Pumps	471	(48)
Heat Pump Operating Principles	471	(5)
Heating Cycle	471	(2)
Cooling Cycle	473	(1)
Defrost Cycle	473	(3)
Types of Heat Pumps	476	(9)
Air-Source Heat Pumps	476	(5)
Ground-Source Heat Pumps	481	(2)
Water-Source Heat Pumps	483	(2)
Other Types of Heat Pumps	485	(2)
Gas-Fired Heat Pumps	485	(1)
Dual-Fuel Heat Pump System	486	(1)
Dual-Source Heat Pumps	486	(1)
Ductless Heat Pumps	487	(1)
Heat Pump Performance and Efficiency Ratings	487	(1)
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER)	488	(1)
Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF)	488	(1)
Coefficiency of Performance (COP)	488	(1)
Energy Efficiency Rating (EER)	488	(1)
Energy Star Rating	488	(1)
Heat Pump System Components	488	(17)
Compressor	490	(1)
Indoor Coil and Blower	491	(1)
Outdoor Coil and Fan	491	(1)
Refrigerant Lines	491	(1)
Reversing Valve and Solenoid	491	(2)
Thermostatic Expansion Valve	493	(1)
Desuperheater	494	(1)
Control Box	494	(5)
Fan/Blower Motors	499	(1)
Heat Pump Defrost System	499	(1)
High-Pressure Switch	500	(1)
Low-Pressure Switch	501	(1)
Other Electric/Electronic Heat Pump Controls and Connections	501	(1)
Accumulator	501	(1)
Room Thermostat	501	(1)
Service Valves and Gauge Ports	502	(1)
Gauge Manifold	503	(1)
Filter Dryer	503	(1)
Crankcase Heater	503	(2)
Muffler	505	(1)
Sizing Heat Pumps	505	(2)
Heat Pump Installation Recommendations	507	(3)
Heat Pump Operating Instructions	510	(1)
Heating	510	(1)
Cooling	511	(1)
Heat Pump Service and Maintenance	511	(3)
Service and Maintenance Checklist	512	(1)
Adjusting Heat Pump Refrigerant Charge	513	(1)
Troubleshooting Heat Pumps	514	(3)
Troubleshooting Heat Pump Compressors	517	(2)
Chapter 11 Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers	519	(28)
Humidifiers	521	(5)
Spray Humidifiers	522	(1)
Pan Humidifiers	523	(1)
Stationary-Pad Humidifiers	524	(1)
Steam Humidifiers	524	(1)
Bypass Humidifiers	525	(1)
Power Humidifiers	526	(1)
Automatic Controls	526	(3)
Installation Instructions	529	(5)
Service and Maintenance Suggestions	534	(1)
Troubleshooting Humidifiers	535	(2)
Dehumidifiers	537	(1)
Absorption Dehumidifiers	538	(3)
Spray Dehumidifiers	541	(1)
Refrigeration Dehumidifiers	541	(2)
Automatic Controls	542	(1)
Installation Suggestions	542	(1)
Operating and Maintenance Suggestions	542	(1)
Troubleshooting Dehumidifiers	543	(4)
Chapter 12 Air Cleaners and Filters	547	(30)
Electronic Air Cleaners	547	(7)
Charged-Media Air Cleaners	549	(4)
Two-Stage Air Cleaners	553	(1)
Automatic Controls	554	(2)
Clogged-Filter Indicator	556	(1)
Performance Lights	557	(2)
Sail Switch	559	(2)
In-Place Water-Wash Controls	561	(2)
Cabinet-Model Control Panels	563	(1)
Installation Instructions	564	(1)
Electrical Wiring	564	(1)
Maintenance Instructions	565	(3)
Replacing Tungsten Ionizing Wires	568	(1)
Troubleshooting Electronic Air Cleaners	569	(2)
Air Washers	571	(1)
Air Filters	572	(2)
Dry Air Filters	574	(1)
Viscous Air Filters	574	(1)
Filter Installation and Maintenance	575	(2)
Appendix A Professional and Trade Associations	577	(12)
Appendix B Manufacturers	589	(12)
Appendix C HVAC/R Education-, Training, Certification, and Licensing	601	(4)
Appendix D Data Tables	605	(38)
Appendix E Psychrometric Charts	643	(4)
Index	647