Audio Metering: Measurements, Standards and Practice

by Brixen; Eddy

• ISBN13: 9780240814674
• ISBN10: 0240814673
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2010-11-02
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

In this comprehensive guide Eddy Bøgh Brixen will take you through the complex and confusing concept of audio metering, giving you the knowledge and skills you need to utilize optional signal levels and produce high quality audio.Covering all areas of this essential topic, Audio Metering begins with the basics- audio definitions and digital techniques, and works up to hearing and psychoacoustics. Levels in audio are defined, and the metering standards and practices are discussed, covering the existing standards abs VU and PPM, as well as the new loudness metering standards, making this the reference guide to audio metering.This new edition includes* Current information on loudness metering, covering existing and new standards, defining terms like LU, RLB, and LKFS * Explanations of music sounds and structures* An extended chapter on topics relevant to the sound engineer in the field of psychoacoustics* More details on speech intelligibility and it's measures * The skills needed for both small room acoustics and large auditoriums sound design without losing sound quality * Clearly labeled diagrams for noise exposure and the subtraction of dB levels make this difficult concept simple to follow* An extended glossaryPacked full of valuable information that can be applied to a wide variety of everyday tasks, this handbook is essential reading for all technicians and engineers working with acoustics, electro acoustics and audio forensics. It also provides essential information for anyone working with loudspeakers and large scale amplifiers, including sound design for theatrical and live audio set-ups.*Covers the breadth of sound from generation to propagation to perception and measurement. *Quick access reference that is succinctly laid out. * Includes the most up to date standards

Author Biography

Eddy Bgh Brixen is an audio consultant and lecturer based in Denmark. His primary activities cover acoustics, electro-acoustics, and audio forensics. Eddy is a member of the AES, SMPTE, and ACFEI and is recognized as a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Engineering. Formerly he has been affiliated with The Danish Broadcasting Corp., The Danish Acoustical Institute, DELTA, and KKDK. He now runs his own company EBB-consult. Eddy Bgh Brixen is active in standardization work and has participated in the working groups on loudness metering.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Acoustic Sound	p. 1
From Acoustic Sound to Electrical Signals	p. 9
Digital Representation	p. 11
Signal Types	p. 19
How Large Is an Audio Signal?	p. 33
The dB Concept	p. 39
The Ear, Hearing, and Level Perception	p. 47
Time Weighting	p. 57
Frequency Weighting and Filters	p. 61
Determination of Loudness	p. 75
Characteristics of Level Meters	p. 83
The Standard Volume Indicator (VU Meter)	p. 87
Peak Program Meter - PPM	p. 91
Loudness Metering	p. 95
Calibration of Level Meters	p. 107
Relationships Between Scales	p. 111
Dynamic Scales	p. 117
Polarity and Phase Reading	p. 121
Display of Level Distribution	p. 129
Multi-Channel and Surround Sound	p. 135
Standards and Practices	p. 151
Summation of Audio Signals	p. 163
Digital Interface	p. 169
Where to Connect a Meter	p. 181
Fast Fourier Transformation	p. 193
Spectrum Analyzer	p. 201
Other Measurement Systems	p. 205
Measurement Signals	p. 213
Sound Level Meters	p. 215
NR and NC Curves	p. 219
Room Acoustics Measures	p. 225
Glossary	p. 243
Index	p. 259
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