Axiomatic Design Advances and Applications

by Suh, Nam Pyo

• ISBN13: 9780195134667
• ISBN10: 0195134664
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-05-17
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Design education, research, and practice have recently seen considerable evolution as university programs, researchers, journals, and conferences systematize design as a discipline and science. Nam P. Suh's book Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications contributes to this systematic andscientific base and presents a fresh perspective on design, establishing a rational framework for the discipline. The book follows Suh's successful publication, The Principles of Design (OUP 1990), although the two books are substantially different in both content and approach. The first threechapters of Axiomatic Design cover the fundamental principles of axiomatic design. The following chapters offer a complete treatment of the design of systems, software, materials and materials processing, manufacturing systems, and product design. Suh shows how a scientific and systematic approachto design improves efficiency, productivity, savings, reliability, and quality for industries that currently rely on ad hoc design systems; Axiomatic Design contains the principles and practical knowledge necessary to achieve these improvements. Perfect for senior and graduate design and mechanicalengineering students as well as professional engineers, this unique text offers the tools necessary to design with ease and elegance and serves as a stepping-stone in the ever-evolving intellectual science of design. Features BL Applies the principles of axiomatic design to a variety of real-life situations including mechanism design, software engineering, and basic business processes BL Includes numerous integrated case studies using axiomatic design to solve real-life design challenges BL Draws material from consulting cases with industrial firms throughout the world BL Requires no prerequisite reading (The Principles of Design can be read for clarification)

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xix
On the CIRP Design Book Series	xxiii
Introduction to Axiomatic Design	1	(66)
Introduction	1	(1)
Current State of Design Practice	1	(1)
Who Are the Designers? How Do We Design? What Is Design?	2	(3)
What Is the Ultimate Goal of Axiomatic Design?	5	(1)
Role of Axioms in Development of Science and Technology: A Historical Perspective	6	(3)
Axiomatic Approach versus Algorithmic Approach	9	(1)
Axiomatic Design Framework	10	(43)
The Concept of Domains	10	(2)
Definitions	12	(2)
Mapping from Customer Needs to Functional Requirements	14	(2)
The First Axiom: The Independence Axiom	16	(6)
Ideal Design, Redundant Design, and Coupled Design: A Matter of Relative Numbers of DPs and FRs	22	(2)
Examples Involving Decoupling of Coupled Designs	24	(5)
Decomposition, Zigzagging, and Hierarchy	29	(8)
Requirements for Concurrent Engineering	37	(2)
The Second Axiom: The Information Axiom	39	(6)
Reduction of the Information Content: Robust Design	45	(5)
Reduction of the Information Content through Integration of DPs	50	(1)
Designing with Incomplete Information	51	(2)
Common Mistakes Made by Designers	53	(4)
Comparison of Axiomatic Design with Other Methodologies	57	(1)
Summary	58	(9)
References	59	(1)
Corollaries and Theorems	60	(5)
Homework	65	(2)
One-FR Design, the Information Axiom, and Robust Design	67	(42)
Introduction	67	(1)
Introduction to One-FR Design	68	(5)
One-FR Design versus Multi-FR Design	69	(1)
Minimization of the Information Content	70	(3)
Design Issues for the One-FR Design	73	(1)
One-FR Design and Information Content	74	(21)
One-FR Design with No Constraints	74	(12)
One-FR Design with Constraints	86	(2)
Nonlinear One-FR Design with Constraints	88	(7)
Elimination of Bias and Reduction of Variance	95	(1)
Robust Design	95	(5)
Determination of Tolerances for Robust Design	95	(1)
Effect of Noise on FRs in Design and Manufacturing	96	(3)
Robustness and the Rate of Response in Nonlinear Design	99	(1)
Design Process	100	(2)
Summary	102	(7)
References	102	(1)
Stress in a Thick Wall Tube	102	(3)
Discrete Random Variables: Expected Value, Variance, and Standard Deviation	105	(1)
Continuous Random Variables: Expected Value, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Multivariate Random Variables	106	(2)
Homework	108	(1)
Multi-FR Design	109	(83)
Introduction	109	(3)
Brief Review of Axiomatic Theory for Multi-FR Designs	112	(2)
The Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom: Their Implications for a Multi-FR Design Task	114	(2)
On Ideal Multi-FR Design	116	(8)
Uncoupled and Decoupled Multi-FR Designs	124	(18)
Propagation of Tolerances in Uncoupled, Decoupled, and Coupled Designs and Its Implication for Design Robustness	124	(2)
Examples of Multi-FR Design	126	(16)
Information Content, Complexity, and Noise of Multi-FR Design	142	(11)
The Relationship between Complexity and Information Content	142	(4)
Determination of Information Content of Uncoupled, Decoupled, and Coupled Designs	146	(6)
Accommodating Noise in the Design Process	152	(1)
Integration of DPs to Minimize the Information Content	153	(1)
Nonlinear Multi-FR Design	154	(2)
Design of Dispatching Rules and Schedules: Avoiding Traffic Congestion	156	(6)
Dispatching Rules and the Independence Axiom	158	(1)
Scheduling	158	(4)
Axiomatic Design Basis for Robust Design	162	(12)
One-FR Design	162	(3)
Multi-FR Design	165	(2)
Information Content of Multi-FR Design	167	(7)
Summary	174	(18)
References	174	(1)
Independence of the Two Design Axioms	174	(3)
Corollaries and Theorems Related to Information and Complexity	177	(2)
Probability of Success of Decoupled and Uncoupled Designs When There Is No Bias	179	(6)
Why Coupling in Design Should Be Avoided	185	(2)
Homework	187	(5)
Design of Systems	192	(47)
Introduction	192	(3)
Issues Related to System Design	195	(1)
Classification of Systems	195	(1)
Axiomatic Design Theory for Fixed Systems	196	(5)
Design and Operation of Large Systems	201	(6)
Introduction to Large System Issues	201	(1)
What Is a Large System?	201	(1)
Definition of a Large Flexible System	202	(1)
Axiomatic Design of a Large Flexible System	203	(2)
System Synthesis through Physical Integration of DPs	205	(1)
On Designing the Best Large Flexible System	205	(1)
Theorems Related to the Design of Large Systems	206	(1)
Representation of the System Architecture of Fixed Systems	207	(27)
Hierarchies in Design Domains through Decomposition of FRs, DPs, and PVs: A Representation of the System Architecture	208	(1)
Design Matrix and Module-Junction Diagrams: Another Means of System Representation	209	(2)
Flow Diagram: A Representation of System Architecture	211	(2)
System Control Command (SCC)	213	(21)
Mathematical Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Systems	234	(1)
Application of the Flow Diagram of the System Architecture	235	(1)
On Human-Machine Interface	235	(1)
Summary	236	(3)
References	237	(1)
Homework	237	(2)
Axiomatic Design of Software	239	(62)
Introduction	239	(5)
Axiomatic Design Theory for Software Design	244	(5)
Review of the Axiomatic Design Process for Software	245	(4)
Application of the Flow Diagram	249	(1)
Software Design Process	249	(17)
Axiomatic Design of Object-Oriented Software Systems	266	(13)
Object-Oriented Techniques	266	(4)
Modified OOT for Compatibility with Axiomatic Design	270	(1)
Basics of Axiomatic Design of Object-Oriented Software Systems	271	(8)
Axiomatic Design of Object-Oriented Software System for Designers: Acclaro Software	279	(7)
Introduction	279	(1)
Axiomatic Design of Acclaro Software	280	(1)
Axiomatic Design on the FR1141 Branch	281	(1)
Object-Oriented Model: Bottom-Up Approach	281	(3)
Coding with the System Architecture	284	(2)
Design of Rapid-Prototyping Software for Real-Time Control of Hardware/Software System	286	(5)
An Ideal Software System	291	(1)
Other Issues Related to Software Design	292	(3)
Reusability	292	(1)
Extensionality	292	(1)
Knowledge and Information Requirements in Software Design	293	(2)
Implications of the Information Axiom in Software Design	295	(1)
Qualitative Implementation of the Information Axiom	295	(1)
Quantitative Measure of the Information Content	295	(1)
Summary	296	(5)
References	297	(1)
Homework	298	(3)
Axiomatic Design of Manufacturing Systems	301	(40)
Introduction	301	(5)
Basic Requirements of a Manufacturing System	306	(1)
Elements of Manufacturing Systems	307	(2)
Axiomatic Design of Fixed Manufacturing Systems for Identical Parts	309	(8)
Highest Level Design of a Fixed Manufacturing System	309	(3)
Analytical Solutions for Queues in Decouplers	312	(5)
Axiomatic Design of a Flexible Manufacturing System for Different Types of Parts	317	(14)
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Design	331	(1)
Representation of Manufacturing System Architecture	331	(5)
Summary	336	(5)
References	337	(1)
Homework	338	(3)
Axiomatic Design of Materials and Materials-Processing Techniques	341	(35)
Introduction	341	(2)
Mixalloys	343	(9)
History of Mixalloys	343	(1)
Design of Dispersion-Strengthened Metals: Mapping from the Functional Domain to the Physical Domain	344	(2)
Design of the Process: Mapping from the Physical Domain to the Process Domain	346	(1)
Further Development of the Process	347	(3)
Mixalloy Equipment	350	(1)
Properties of Mixalloys: Dispersion-Strengthened Copper	350	(2)
Microcellular Plastics	352	(18)
Introduction to Microcellular Plastics	352	(2)
Design of a Batch Process	354	(1)
Design of Continuous Process	355	(13)
Performance of Microcellular Plastics	368	(1)
Other Advantages of the MuCell Process	369	(1)
Layered Manufacturing Processes for Rapid Prototyping	370	(2)
Design of Layered Manufacturing Processes	371	(1)
Information Content of Layered Manufacturing Processes	372	(1)
Summary	372	(4)
References	372	(2)
Homework	374	(2)
Product Design	376	(94)
Introduction	376	(8)
Important Questions to Ask before Developing a New Product	378	(2)
Basic Requirements of Product Manufacture	380	(1)
How Should Companies Avoid Making Mistakes during Product Development?	380	(2)
What Have Universities Done in This Area?	382	(1)
Customization of Products to Satisfy Individual Customers	383	(1)
Total Quality Management (TQM)	384	(1)
Mapping from the Customer Domain to the Functional Domain	384	(6)
For Existing Products	385	(3)
For New Innovative Products	388	(2)
Mapping from FRs to DPs	390	(5)
Decomposition of FS2 and DP2	393	(2)
Application of the Information Axiom	395	(4)
General Criteria	395	(1)
Error Budgeting	396	(3)
Case Study---Depth Charge	399	(7)
Case Study Background	399	(1)
Effectively Searching for Potential Design Solutions	400	(1)
Design of the Depth Charge Initiator	400	(6)
Chemical-Mechanical Planarization (CMP) Machine	406	(55)
Design of the Mechanical System	407	(34)
Axiomatic Development of CMP α Machine Control System	441	(20)
Concurrent Engineering: Mapping from FR to DP to PV	461	(1)
Product Service	462	(2)
System Architecture	464	(1)
Summary	464	(6)
References	465	(1)
Homework	465	(5)
A Theory of Complexity: The Design Axioms, Information, Complexity, and Periodicity	470	(31)
Introduction	470	(3)
Complexity, Uncertainty, Information, and Periodicity	473	(11)
Preliminary Remarks	473	(1)
Definition of Complexity	474	(1)
Time-Independent Complexities: Real Complexity, Imaginary Complexity, and Absolute Complexity	475	(8)
Time-Dependent Complexity: Combinatorial Complexity and Periodic Complexity	483	(1)
Reduction of Uncertainty: Conversion of a Design with Time-Dependent Combinatorial Complexity to a Design with Time-Dependent Periodic Complexity	484	(10)
Distinction between Time-Independent and Time-Dependent Complexities	494	(1)
Other Implications of the Design Axioms and Periodic Complexity: A Speculation	495	(2)
Nature	495	(1)
Biological Systems and Living Beings	495	(1)
Artificial Systems	496	(1)
Complexity of Natural Phenomena	497	(1)
Summary	498	(3)
References	499	(1)
Homework	499	(2)
Index	501