Bacterial Disease Resistance in Plants: Molecular Biology and Biotechnological Applications

by Vidhyasekaran; P.

• ISBN13: 9781560229254
• ISBN10: 156022925X
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781040288900
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2002-10-23
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

This comprehensive reference book describes the molecular biology of plant-pathogen interactions in depth. It will be an invaluable tool for students, researchers, and scientists involved in the continued development of biotechnologies (genetic engineering and biocontrol technologies). With Dr. Vidhyasekaran's keen insights and experienced critical viewpoint, Bacterial Disease Resistance in Plants not only presents reviews of current research but goes on to suggest future research strategies to exploit the studies in interventions with biotechnological, commercial, and field applications. Generously illustrated with figures and tables that make the data more quickly understandable!

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
M. S. Swaminathan
Preface	xiii
Molecular Recognition Processes Between Plant and Bacterial Pathogens	1	(110)
Introduction	1	(1)
Physical Contact of Plant Cells Is Necessary for Bacterial Recognition	2	(1)
Molecules Responsible for Physical Contact	3	(3)
Many Bacterial Pathogens Induce Necrosis on Hosts and Nonhosts	6	(1)
Bacterial Pathogens Grow in Both Host and Nonhost Plants	6	(4)
Bacterial Pathogens Induce Leakage of Nutrients in Both Host and Nonhost Plants	10	(2)
Bacterial Genes Involved in Recognition of Hosts and Nonhosts	12	(23)
Coregulation of hrp, avr, and Other Pathogenicity Genes	35	(6)
Transcription of Bacterial Pathogenicity Genes in Planta	41	(2)
Plant-Derived Molecules May Be Involved in Induction of Bacterial Genes	43	(10)
Some Plant Signals May Direct Synthesis of Elicitors	53	(7)
Secretion of Elicitors from Bacterial Cells in Plants	60	(6)
The Role of hrp and avr Genes in the Early Recognition Process in Plant-Bacterial Pathogen Interactions	66	(6)
Other Signal Molecules of Bacterial Pathogens	72	(2)
The Signal Transduction System	74	(15)
Systemic Signal Induction	89	(8)
Is Cell Death Involved in the Signal Transduction Pathway?	97	(2)
How Pathogens Avoid or Overcome Host Defense Mechanisms Induced by the Signal Transduction System	99	(4)
Possible Role of the Signal Transduction System in Evasion of the Host Recognition by Phytopathogenic Bacteria During Pathogenesis	103	(3)
Conclusion	106	(5)
Host Defense Mechanisms: The Cell Wall---the First Barrier and a Source of Defense Signal Molecules	111	(56)
The First Barrier to Bacterial Infection in Plants	111	(1)
Structure of the Plant Cell Wall	112	(1)
Pectic Polysaccharides	113	(4)
Cellulose	117	(1)
Hemicellulose	118	(1)
Cell Wall Proteins	119	(1)
Bacterial Genes Encoding Extracellular Enzymes	120	(3)
Bacterial Genes Regulating Production of Extracellular Enzymes	123	(8)
Bacterial Genes Regulating Secretion of Extracellular Enzymes	131	(2)
Secretion of Proteases	133	(1)
The Signaling System in Induction of Bacterial Extracellular Enzymes	134	(5)
Plant Cell Wall Components Involved in Defense Mechanisms Against Bacterial Pathogens	139	(4)
Bacterial Extracellular Enzymes Induce Host Defense Mechanisms	143	(4)
Pectic Fragments Induce Virulence Genes in Bacteria and Defense Genes in Plants	147	(1)
Pectic Enzymes Vary in Inducing Resistance or Susceptibility	148	(1)
Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Proteins	149	(2)
Cell Wall Modifications and Bacterial Disease Resistance	151	(12)
Conclusion	163	(4)
Active Oxygen Species	167	(18)
Mechanisms of Production of Active Oxygen Species	167	(3)
Signals for Induction of Active Oxygen Species in Bacteria-Infected Plants	170	(1)
Bacterial Infection Leads to Production of Active Oxygen Species in Plants	171	(1)
Active Oxygen Species May Induce Lipid Peroxidation	172	(2)
Increases in Active Oxygen Species Lead to Activation of Lipoxygenase	174	(1)
Active Oxygen Species Production Leads to Cell Membrane Damage	174	(2)
Active Oxygen Species May Directly Kill Bacterial Pathogens	176	(1)
Bacterial Pathogens May Tolerate Toxicity of Active Oxygen Species	177	(2)
Antioxidants of the Host May Protect Bacterial Pathogens Against Active Oxygen Species	179	(2)
The Possible Role of Active Oxygen Species in Disease Resistance	181	(1)
Conclusion	182	(3)
Inducible Plant Proteins	185	(72)
Introduction	185	(1)
Nomenclature of Pathogen-Inducible Plant Proteins	186	(3)
Occurence of PR Proteins in Various Plants	189	(1)
Classification of PR Proteins	190	(18)
Bacterial Pathogens Induce PR Proteins	208	(1)
Molecular Mechanisms of Induction of PR Proteins	209	(23)
Compartmentalization of PR Proteins in Plant Tissues	232	(4)
The Role of PR Proteins in Bacterial Disease Resistance	236	(7)
The Second Group of Pathogen-Inducible Proteins: Constitutive, but Increasingly Induced	243	(5)
Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins	248	(1)
Lectins	249	(1)
Not All Inducible Proteins Need Be Involved in Inducing Bacterial Disease Resistance	250	(2)
Conclusion	252	(5)
Inducible Secondary Metabolites	257	(24)
What Are Inducible Secondary Metabolites?	257	(3)
Bacterial Pathogens Induce Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Infected Tissues	260	(1)
Phytoalexins Accumulate in Plants After Irreversible Cell Membrane Damage	261	(2)
Phytoalexins Accumulate Only Locally and Not Systemically	263	(1)
Mode of Synthesis of Phytoalexins	264	(4)
Evidence That Induced Secondary Metabolites Are Involved in Bacterial Disease Resistance	268	(6)
Phytoalexins May Be Suppressed, Degraded, or Inactivated in Susceptible Interactions	274	(2)
Some Phytoalexins May Not Have Any Role in Disease Resistance	276	(1)
Constitutive, but Induced Secondary Metabolites During Pathogenesis	277	(2)
Conclusion	279	(2)
Biotechnological Applications: Molecular Manipulation of Bacterial Disease Resistance	281	(38)
Introduction	281	(1)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System for Induction of Disease Resistance	281	(3)
Manipulation of Resistance Genes Involved in the Signal Transduction System	284	(5)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System by Elicitors	289	(3)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System Using Chemicals	292	(5)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System Using Rhizobacterial Strains	297	(7)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System by Enhanced Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid	304	(2)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System by Inducing Accelerated Cell Death	306	(1)
Manipulation of the Signal Transduction System by Enhanced Biosynthesis of Cytokinins	307	(1)
Manipulation of Inducible Proteins for Induction of Bacterial Disease Resistance	308	(3)
Suppression of Virulence Factors of Bacterial Pathogens to Manage Bacterial Diseases	311	(2)
Exploitation of Insect Genes Encoding Antibacterial Proteins for Bacterial Disease Management	313	(1)
Exploitation of Bacteriophage Genes for Bacterial Disease Management	314	(1)
Exploitation of Genes from Human Beings, Hens, and Crabs for Management of Plant Bacterial Diseases	315	(1)
Conclusion	316	(3)
References	319	(120)
Index	439