The Baghdad Pact: Anglo-American Defence Policies in the Middle East, 1950-59

by Yesilbursa,Behcet Kemal

• ISBN13: 9780714656410
• ISBN10: 0714656410
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-02-03
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This book explores the formation of the Baghdad Pact and Anglo-American defense policies in the Middle East, 1950-1959. It determines the aims with which the pact was established; the failings of the pact, and the struggle that was undertaken against it by hostile countries. It examines the events surrounding the formation, development and collapse of the pact, and Anglo-American attempts to contain the Soviet Union in the Middle East. It also deals with British and American policies towards the pact and Middle Eastern defense. It seeks to examine British and American post-war defense policies in the Middle East and their collective defense projects in the region, such as the Middle East Command and Northern Tier, leading to the Baghdad Pact. It does not attempt to offer a comprehensive history of British and American policies in the Middle East, and particularly aims to explore those policies with regard to the problems of Middle East defense. In addition, it explores the policies of the local members of thepact, and examines the pact's internal structure. It poses the questions of how the members of the pact and the United States perceived the question of Middle East defense; what their basic aims were; and what problems they faced while trying to achieve these aims and implementing their chosen solutions.

Author Biography

Behcet Kemal Yesilbursa is Associate Professor at Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	xi
Abbreviations	xiii
Preface	xv
Introduction	1	(8)
The Northern Tier Defence Project (1953--4)	9	(35)
The emergence of the Northern Tier Defence Project	9	(15)
The Turco-Pakistani Agreement (2 April 1954)	24	(20)
The extension of the Northern Tier Defence Project (1954--5)	44	(27)
Iraq's reaction to the Turco-Pakistani Agreement	44	(9)
Nuri Said's search for an alternative defence project	53	(8)
Turkish attempts to bring Iraq into the Turco-Pakistani Agreement	61	(10)
The formation of the Baghdad Pact (1954--5)	71	(26)
The Baghdad talks and the Turco-Iraqi consensus on Middle East defence	71	(9)
The signing of the Turco-Iraqi treaty: the Baghdad Pact (24 February 1955)	80	(10)
The international repercussions of the Turco-Iraqi treaty (the Baghdad Pact)	90	(7)
The extension of the Baghdad Pact (1955--6)	97	(24)
The accession of Britain and the signing of the Anglo-Iraqi Special Agreement (5 April 1955)	97	(6)
The accession of Pakistan (23 September 1955)	103	(7)
The accession of Iran (3 November 1955)	110	(11)
The development of the Baghdad Pact (1955--6)	121	(43)
The attempts to bring more Arab states into the pact, and the Alpha Project	121	(10)
The Baghdad meeting of the Ministerial Council of the pact (21--2 November 1955)	131	(6)
The attempts to bring Jordan into the pact and the Templer Mission	137	(11)
The failures of the Templer Mission and the Alpha Project, and the dismissal of General Glubb	148	(11)
The Tehran meeting of the Ministerial Council of the pact (16--19 April 1956)	159	(5)
The decline of the Baghdad Pact (1956--8)	164	(36)
The effects of the Suez Crisis on the pact	164	(3)
The Tehran meeting of the Moslem members of the pact (7--8 November 1956)	167	(5)
The Baghdad meeting of the Moslem members of the pact (17--23 November 1956)	172	(3)
The questions of the United States' accession to the pact	175	(11)
The Ankara meeting of the Moslem members of the pact (19--20 January 1957)	186	(2)
The Karachi meeting of the Ministerial Council of the pact (3--6 June 1957)	188	(7)
The Ankara meeting of the Ministerial Council of the pact (27--30 January 1958)	195	(5)
The collapse of the Baghdad Pact (1958--9)	200	(16)
The military coup in Iraq and the London meeting of the Ministerial Council of the pact (27--8 July 1958)	200	(12)
The final meeting of the Ministerial Council (26--8 January 1959) and Iraq's withdrawal from the pact (24 March 1959)	212	(4)
Conclusion	216	(7)
Appendices	223	(7)
Notes	230	(39)
Bibliography	269	(11)
Index	280