Ball and Moore's Essential Physics for Radiographers

by Ball, John L.; Moore, Adrian D.; Turner, Steve

• ISBN13: 9781405161015
• ISBN10: 1405161019
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-06-16
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Since its first edition in 1980, Essential Physics for Radiographers has earned an international reputation as a clear and straightforward introduction to the physics of radiography. Now in its fourth edition, this book remains a core textbook for student radiographers. The authors have retained the pragmatic approach of earlier editions and continue to target the book particularly at those students who find physics a difficult subject to grasp. The fourth edition builds on the major revisions introduced in the third edition. The content has been updated to reflect recent advances in imaging technology. The chapter on Radiation Safety has been completely rewritten in the light of the latest changes in relevant legislation, and a re-examination of the physical principles underpinning magnetic resonance imaging forms the basis of a new chapter. Worked examples and calculations again feature strongly, and the innovative and popular Maths Help File, guides readers gently through the mathematical steps and concepts involved. The reference citations have been updated and now include Internet sources.

Author Biography

John Ball is former Principal at the South West Wales School of Radiography, Swansea.
Professor Adrian D. Moore is Dean of the Faculty of Science and Technology and Pro Vice-Chancellor at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge.
Steve Turner is Head of the Division of Radiography at Birmingham City University.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
How to use the Maths Help File	p. xi
General Physics	p. 1
Energy
Matter
Relationship between energy and matter
Systems of units
Physical quantities
Internal Energy, Temperature and Heat	p. 14
Internal energy
Temperature
Heat
Conduction of heat
Convection of heat
Radiation of heat
Electricity	p. 29
Frictional electricity
Types of electric charge
Electric force
Electric fields
Atomic Structure	p. 38
Elements and compounds
Atoms and molecules
Structure of the atom
Chemical behaviour of atoms
Post-Bohr ideas on atomic structure
Electric Charge and Potential	p. 55
Electric charges
Electrical potential and potential difference
The electronvolt
Conduction and Storage of Electric Charges	p. 67
Band theory of electrical conduction
Storing electric charge
Current Electricity	p. 82
Electric current
Circuit symbols
Potential difference
Resistance
Kirchhoff's laws
Internal resistance
Electromotive force
Electrical energy and power
Charging capacitors
Discharging capacitors
Capacitors in series and in parallel
Applications of capacitors
Magnetism and Electromagnetism	p. 114
Laws of magnetic force
Force between magnetic poles
Magnetisation
Dia-, para- and ferromagnetism
Magnetic fields
Magnetic flux and flux density
Magnetic effect of electric current
Force on a current-carrying conductor
Moving coil meter
Electromagnetic Induction	p. 132
Induced emf
Fleming's right-hand rule
Electromagnetic induction in a coil
Laws of electromagnetic induction
Mutual induction
Self induction
Time constant
Alternating Current	p. 140
Generation of alternating current (a.c.)
Sinusoidal nature of a.c. Peak and effective values of a.c. Practical alternators
Mains power generation
A.C. circuit characteristics
Transformers
Transmission of power (National Grid)
Thermionic Emission	p. 162
Principle of thermionic emission
Thermionic emission in a vacuum tube
X-Ray Tubes	p. 169
Construction of simple X-ray tubes
Modern materials and X-ray tube design
Line focus principle
X-ray tube shield
Cooling of X-ray tubes
Solid-State Devices	p. 185
Properties of semiconductors
P-n junction diodes
Light-emitting diodes and photodiodes
Rectification in X-ray equipment
Transistors
Thyristors
Electromagnetic Radiation	p. 201
Origin of electromagnetic radiation
Modelling the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation
Wave theory of electromagnetic radiation
Quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
Spectral emission curves
Light	p. 224
Brightness of light
Colour of light
Production of light
Photoelectric effect
X-Rays	p. 245
Production of X-rays
Quality and intensity of X-rays
Interaction of X-Rays and Gamma Rays with Matter	p. 261
Transmission of X- or gamma rays through a medium
Processes of attenuation
Attenuation of heterogeneous beams
X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Interaction with Tissues	p. 287
Transmission of X- and gamma-ray beams through body tissues
Effects of scattered radiation on patient dose, staff dose and image quality
X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Measurements (Dosimetry)	p. 295
Absorbed dose
Measurement of dose
Evaluation of beam quality
Radioactivity and Radionuclide Imaging	p. 315
Causes of radioactivity
Radioactive transformation processes
Radioactive decay rates
Production of radionuclides
Medical applications of radionuclides
Radionuclide imaging
Radiation Safety	p. 337
Introduction
Sources of radiation exposure
Biological effects of radiation
Principles of radiation protection
Practice of radiation safety
Personal monitoring
Ultrasound	p. 359
Sound waves
Ultrasound
Ultrasound image production
Biological effects of ultrasound
Frequently asked questions
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 373
Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging
MRI equipment
Maths Help File	p. 381
References and Bibliography	p. 394
Index	p. 397
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