Basic Concepts in Pharmacology: What You Need to Know for Each Drug Class, Fourth Edition What you Need to Know for Each Drug Class, Fourth Edition

by Stringer, Janet

• ISBN13: 9780071741040
• ISBN10: 0071741046
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-04-18
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education / Medical

Summary

A proven method for learning the most difficult-to-understand concepts in pharmacologyGreat for USMLE review!Basic Concepts in Pharmacologyprovides students with a complete framework for studying the fundamental principles of drug actions. This unique study system helps students set priorities, minimize memorization, and reduce stress.The book includes study techniques not found in any other book and details exactly what student need to know about each drug class to pass the course and the USMLE.Features Simplifies the learning process by presenting drugs by class Reinforces essential concepts and definitions Written in a conversational engaging style Organizes and condenses must-know drug information NEW larger trim size Numerous summary tables, illustrations, and boxes encapsulate key conceptsThe content you need to understand essential pharmacology material: Chapter 1. Where to Start; Part 1: General Principles; Chapter 2. Receptor Theory; Chapter 3. Absorption, Distribution and Clearance; Chapter 4. Pharmacokinetics; Chapter 5. Drug Metabolism and Renal Elimination; Part II: Autonomics; Chapter 6. Review of the Autonomic Nervous System; Chapter 7. Cholinergic Agonists; Chapter 8. Cholinergic Antagonists; Chapter 9. Adrenergic Agonists; Chapter 10. Adrenergic Antagonists; Part III: Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System; Chapter 11. Drugs that Improve Cardiac Contractility; Chapter 12. Antihypertensive Drugs; Chapter 13. Drugs that Treat Heart Failure; Chapter 14. Antiarrrhytmic Drugs; Chapter 15. Drugs that Affect Blood; Chapter 16. Lipid-Lowering Drugs; Part IV: Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System; Chapter 17. Anxiolytic and Hynotic Drugs; Chapter 18. Antidepressants and Lithium; Chapter 19. Antipsychoyics or Neuroleptics; Chapter 20. Drugs Used in Parkinson's Disease; Chapter 21. Antiepileptic Drugs; Chapter 22 Narcotics; Chapter 23. General Anesthetics; Chapter 24. Local Anesthetics; Chapter 25. Introduction to Chemotherapy; Chapter 26. Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis; Chapter 27. Proteins Synthesis Inhibitors; Chapter 28. Folate Anatgonists; Chapter 29. Quinolones and Urinary Tract Antiseptics; Chapter 30. Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy; Chapter 31. Antifungal Drugs; Chapter 32. Anthelmintic Drugs; Chapter 33. Antiviral Drugs; Chapter 34. Antiprotozoal Drugs; Chapter 35. Anticancer Drugs; Part VI: Drugs that Affect the Endocrine System; Chapter 36. Andrenocortical Hormones; Chapter 37. Sex Steroids; Chapter 38. Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs Chapter 39. Insulin, Glucagon and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs; Part VII: Miscellaneous Drugs; Chapter 40. Histamine and Antihistamines; Chapter 41. Respiratory Drugs; Chapter 42. Drugs that Affect the GI Tract; Chapter 43. Nonnarcotic Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs; Chapter 44. Immunosuppressives; Chapter 45. Drugs Used in Osteoporosis; Chapter 46. Toxicology and poisoning.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Where To Start	p. 1
General Principles
Receptor Theory	p. 5
Agonists	p. 5
Efficacy and Potency	p. 6
Therapeutic Index	p. 7
Antagonists	p. 7
Inverse Agonists	p. 9
Absorption, Distribution, and Clearance	p. 11
First-Pass Effect	p. 11
How Drugs Cross Membranes	p. 11
Bioavailability	p. 13
Total Body Clearance	p. 14
Pharmacokinetics	p. 16
Volume of Distribution	p. 16
First-Order Kinetics	p. 17
Zero-Order Kinetics	p. 19
Steady-State Concentration	p. 20
Time Needed to Reach Steady State	p. 21
Loading Dose	p. 22
Drug Metabolism and Renal Elimination	p. 24
Liver Metabolism	p. 24
Renal Excretion	p. 25
Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System
Review of the Autonomic Nervous System	p. 29
Why Include This Material?	p. 29
Relevant Anatomy	p. 30
Synthesis, Storage, Release, and Removal of Transmitters	p. 32
Receptors	p. 34
General Rules of Innervation	p. 35
Presynaptic Receptors	p. 37
Cholinergic Agonists	p. 38
Organization of Class	p. 38
Direct Cholinergic Agonists	p. 39
Cholinesterase Inhibitors	p. 40
Cholinergic Antagonists	p. 43
Organization of Class	p. 43
Muscarinic Antagonists	p. 43
Ganglionic Blockers	p. 45
Neuromuscular Blockers	p. 45
Adrenergic Agonists	p. 47
Organization of Class	p. 47
Direct-Acting Agonists	p. 48
Dopamine	p. 49
Indirect-Acting Agents	p. 50
Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol	p. 50
Adrenergic Antagonists	p. 52
Organization of Class	p. 52
Central Blockers	p. 52
¿-Blockers	p. 52
ß-Blockers	p. 54
Mixed ¿- and ß-Blockers	p. 55
Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System
Antihypertensive Drugs	p. 59
Organization of Class	p. 59
Diuretics	p. 60
Drugs That Interfere With the Renin-Angiotensin System	p. 62
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors	p. 62
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)	p. 63
Selective Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists	p. 64
Direct Renin Inhibitor (DRI)	p. 64
Calcium Channel Blockers	p. 64
Nitrates	p. 65
Other Direct Vasodilators	p. 66
¿- and ß-Blockers	p. 66
Clonidine	p. 67
Drugs Used in Ischemic Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure	p. 69
Ischemic Heart Disease	p. 69
Congestive Heart Failure	p. 69
Reduction of Cardiac Workload	p. 70
Control of Excessive Fluid	p. 70
Enhancement of Contractility	p. 71
Cardiac Glycosides	p. 71
Sympathomimetics	p. 72
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors	p. 72
Ranolazine	p. 72
Antiarrhythmic Drugs	p. 73
Organization of Class	p. 73
Drugs (Sodium Channel Blockers)	p. 74
Drugs (ß-Blockers)	p. 75
Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)	p. 76
Drugs (Calcium Channel Blockers)	p. 77
Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs	p. 78
Drugs That Increase Heart Rate	p. 78
Drugs that Affect Blood	p. 79
Organization of Class	p. 79
Antiplatelet Agents	p. 79
Anticoagulants	p. 81
Thrombolytic Drugs	p. 83
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors	p. 84
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemia	p. 84
Lipid-Lowering Drugs	p. 86
Organization of Class	p. 86
Additional Explanation of Mechanisms	p. 87
Drugs that Act on the Central Nervous System
Drugs Used in Dementia	p. 91
Organization of Class	p. 91
Cholinesterase Inhibitors	p. 91
NMDA Blocker	p. 92
Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs	p. 93
Tolerance and Dependence	p. 93
Organization of Class	p. 94
Barbiturates	p. 95
Benzodiazepines	p. 96
Buspirone	p. 98
Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists	p. 98
Melatonin Receptor Agonist	p. 98
Drugs Used in Mood Disorders	p. 100
Organization of Class	p. 100
Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)	p. 101
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)	p. 102
Heterocyclics/TCAs	p. 102
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors	p. 103
Other Antidepressants	p. 104
Drugs Used in Bipolar Disorder	p. 105
Antipsychotics or Neuroleptics	p. 106
Organization of Class	p. 106
Typical Antipsychotics (First Generation)	p. 107
Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists (Second Generation)	p. 108
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	p. 109
Drugs Used in Parkinson Disease	p. 110
Organization of Class	p. 110
Dopamine Replacement Therapy	p. 111
Dopamine Agonist Therapy	p. 112
Anticholinergic Therapy	p. 112
Antiepileptic Drugs	p. 113
Organization of Class	p. 113
Important Details About the Most Important Drugs	p. 114
Other Drugs to Consider	p. 115
Narcotics (Opiates)	p. 117
Organization of Class	p. 117
Actions of Morphine and the Other Agonists	p. 118
Distinguishing Features of Some Agonists	p. 119
Opioid Antagonists	p. 120
Opioid Agonist-Antagonists	p. 121
General Anesthetics	p. 122
Organization of Class	p. 122
Uptake and Distribution of Inhalational Anesthetics	p. 123
Elimination of Inhalational Anesthetics	p. 124
Potency of General Anesthetics	p. 124
Specific Gases and Volatile Liquids	p. 124
Specific Intravenous Agents	p. 125
Local Anesthetics	p. 126
Organization of Class	p. 126
Mechanism of Action	p. 127
Special Features About Individual Agents	p. 127
Chemotherapeutic Agents
Introduction to Chemotherapy	p. 131
Approach to the Antimicrobials	p. 131
General Principles of Therapy	p. 131
Definitions	p. 132
Important Concepts to Understand	p. 132
Classification of Antimicrobials	p. 134
Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis	p. 136
General Features	p. 136
ß-Lactams	p. 136
Penicillins	p. 138
Cephalosporins	p. 139
Carbapenems	p. 140
Monobactams (Aztreonam)	p. 140
Other Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis	p. 141
Vancomycin	p. 141
Bacitracin	p. 141
Fosfomycin	p. 141
Daptomycin	p. 141
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors	p. 142
General Features	p. 142
Aminoglycosides	p. 142
Tetracyclines	p. 143
Macrolides	p. 144
Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones	p. 145
Chloramphenicol	p. 146
Clindamycin	p. 146
Folate Antagonists	p. 147
Mechanism of Action	p. 147
Selected Features	p. 148
Quinolones and Urinary Tract Antiseptics	p. 149
Drugs in This Group	p. 149
Quinolones	p. 149
Methenamine	p. 150
Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy	p. 151
Organization of Class	p. 151
Isoniazid	p. 152
Rifampin	p. 152
Pyrazinamide	p. 153
Ethambutol	p. 153
Dapsone	p. 153
Antifungal Drugs	p. 155
Organization of Class	p. 155
Azole Antifungals	p. 156
Polyene Antifungals	p. 157
Echinocandins	p. 158
Terbinafine	p. 158
Anthelmintic Drugs	p. 159
Organization of Class	p. 159
Drugs Used Against Cestodes and Trematodes	p. 159
Drugs Used Against Nematodes	p. 160
Drugs Used Against Filaria	p. 160
Antiviral Drugs	p. 162
Organization of Class	p. 162
Anti-HIV Drugs	p. 163
Drugs Used in Influenza	p. 164
Other Antivirals	p. 165
Antiprotozoal Drugs	p. 166
Organization of Class	p. 166
Metronidazole	p. 167
Antimalarial Agents	p. 167
Therapeutic Considerations	p. 168
Special Features	p. 168
Anticancer Drugs	p. 170
Organization of Class	p. 170
Terminology and General Principles of Therapy	p. 171
Adverse Effects	p. 173
Cytotoxic Drugs	p. 174
Alkylating Agents	p. 174
Antimetabolites	p. 175
Antibiotics and Other Natural Products	p. 176
Antibodies	p. 178
Other Cytotoxic Drugs	p. 178
Hormonal Agents	p. 179
Kinase Inhibitors	p. 180
Miscellaneous Agents	p. 180
Drugs That Affect the Endocrine System
Adrenocortical Hormones	p. 185
Organization of Class	p. 185
Glucocorticoids	p. 187
Mineralocorticoids	p. 188
Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoid Synthesis	p. 188
Sex Steroids	p. 189
Organization of Class	p. 189
Estrogens	p. 191
Antiestrogens	p. 191
Progestins	p. 192
Antiprogestins	p. 192
Oral Contraceptives	p. 192
Androgens	p. 193
Antiandrogens	p. 194
GnRH Agonists and Antagonists	p. 194
PDE5 Inhibitors	p. 195
Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs	p. 196
Organization of Class	p. 196
Thyroid Replacement Therapy	p. 197
Drugs That Are Thyroid Downers	p. 197
Parathyroid Drugs	p. 197
Insulin, Glucagon, and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs	p. 199
Organization of Class	p. 199
Insulins	p. 200
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	p. 201
Miscellaneous Drugs
Histamine and Antihistamines	p. 205
Organization of Class	p. 205
H1 Receptor Antagonists	p. 205
Respiratory Drugs	p. 208
Organization of Class	p. 208
ß-Agonists	p. 209
Leukotriene Modifiers	p. 209
Methylxanthines	p. 210
Cholinergic Antagonists	p. 210
Cromolyn and Omalizumab	p. 210
Pulmonary Hypertension	p. 210
Drugs that Affect the GI Tract	p. 212
Organization of Class	p. 212
Drugs That Act in the Upper GI Tract	p. 212
Drugs That Act in the Lower GI Tract	p. 213
Nonnarcotic Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	p. 216
Organization of Class	p. 216
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	p. 216
Cox-2 Inhibitors	p. 218
Salicylates, Including Aspirin	p. 218
Acetaminophen	p. 220
Other Drugs for Arthritis	p. 220
Antigout Agents	p. 221
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Headaches	p. 222
Immunosuppressives	p. 223
Organization of Class	p. 223
Calcineurin Inhibitors	p. 223
Mycophenolate Mofetil and Azathioprine	p. 224
Monoclonal Antibodies	p. 224
Drugs Used in Osteoporosis	p. 225
Organization of Class	p. 225
Bisphosphonates	p. 226
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators	p. 226
Estrogens	p. 226
Parathyroid Hormone	p. 227
Calcitonin	p. 227
Other Agents	p. 227
Toxicology and Poisoning	p. 228
Principles of Toxicology	p. 228
General Principles in the Treatment of Poisoning	p. 228
Specific Antidotes	p. 229
Index	p. 231
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.