Basic Criminal Procedure (Police Practices). Reprint from Kamisar, et al. , Cases on Modern Criminal Procedure, 2005 (See also 2005 Supplement)

by Kamisar, Yale; LaFave, Wayne R.; Israel, Jerold H.; King, Nancy J.

• ISBN13: 9780314159601
• ISBN10: 0314159606
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-30
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Also covers due process, retroactivity, the federal "supervisory power," and state rights protection. Touches on the right to counsel, transcripts, and other aids such as poverty, equality, and the adversary system. Includes reflections on the police, courts, and the criminal process. Provides insight into arrest, search and seizure, wiretapping, electronic eavesdropping, the use of secret agents to obtain incriminating statements, and the Fourth Amendment.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Eleventh Edition	iii
Acknowledgments	vii
Table of Cases	xxxiii
Table of Authorities	xlix
PART ONE INTRODUCTION
An Overview of the Criminal Justice Process	1	(26)
The Overview's Objectives	1	(1)
The Steps in the Process	2	(18)
Step 1 (prearrest investigation) through Step 18 (collateral remedies)	4	(16)
Diversity in Legal Regulation	20	(4)
Diversity in Administration	24	(3)
The Nature and Scope of Fourteenth Amendment Due Process; Retroactivity; the Federal ``Supervisory Power''; State Rights Protections	27	(32)
The ``Ordered Liberty''---``Fundamental Fairness,'' ``Total Incorporation'' and ``Selective Incorporation'' Theories	27	(6)
Duncan v. Louisiana	28	(2)
Baldwin v. New York	30	(1)
Williams v. Florida	30	(3)
The Problem of Bodily Extractions: Another Look at the ``Due Process'' and ``Selective Incorporation'' Approaches	33	(5)
Rochin v. California	33	(2)
Breithaupt v. Abram	35	(1)
Schmerber v. California	35	(1)
County of Sacramento v. Lewis	36	(1)
Free-Standing Due Process and Criminal Procedure	37	(1)
Jerold Israel
The Retroactive Effect of a Holding of Unconstitutionality	38	(6)
Linkletter v. Walker	38	(1)
Stovall v. Denno	38	(1)
Desist v. United States	39	(1)
Rethinking Retroactivity: Harlan's Views Come to the Fore	40	(1)
Shea v. Louisiana	40	(2)
Teague v. Lane	42	(1)
Schriro v. Summerlin	43	(1)
The Federal Courts' ``Supervisory Power'' Over the Administration of Federal Criminal Justice	44	(4)
McNabb v. United States	44	(1)
Reconsidering Supervisory Power in Criminal Cases	45	(1)
Sara Sun Beale
United States v. Payner	46	(1)
United States v. Hasting	47	(1)
Trends and Countertrends: The ``New Federalism in Criminal Procedure'' and New Limitations on State Rights Protections	48	(4)
The New Federalism in Criminal Procedure in 1984	48	(2)
Donald E. Wilkes Jr.
The California Victims' Bill of Rights (Proposition 8)	50	(1)
Michigan v. Long	51	(1)
Due Process, Individual Rights and the War on Terrorism: What Process is Constitutionally Due a Citizen Who Disputes His Enemy-Combatant Designation?	52	(7)
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld	52	(5)
A Note on American, British and Israel Experiences Fighting Terrorism	57	(1)
Checks and Balances in Wartime: American, British and Israeli Experiences	57	(2)
Stephen S. Schulhofer
Some General Reflections on Law Enforcement Officials, the Legislatures, the Courts and the Criminal Process	59	(18)
The Racial Origins of Modern Criminal Procedure	59	(2)
Michael J. Klarman
The Warren Court and Criminal Justice	61	(2)
Yale Kamisar
Constitutional Theory for Criminal Procedure	63	(1)
Donald A. Dripps
Foreword: O. J. Lessons	63	(1)
Peter Arenella
The Uneasy Relationship Between Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice	64	(5)
William J. Stuntz
``Black and Blue Encounters''---Some Preliminary Thoughts about Fourth Amendment Seizures: Should Race Matter?	69	(2)
Tracey Maclin
Race, Crime and the Law	71	(1)
Randall L. Kennedy
All About Security	72	(2)
Stuart Taylor Jr.
Profiling Terror	74	(2)
Sharon L. Davies
A Note on the Justice Department's Policy Guidance Regarding Racial Profiling	76	(1)
The Right to Counsel, ``By Far the Most Pervasive'' Right of the Accused; Equality and the Adversary System	77	(42)
Report of the Attorney General's Committee on Poverty and the Administration of Federal Criminal Justice	77	(3)
The Right to Appointed Counsel and Related Problems	80	(17)
The Right to Appointed Counsel in Criminal Proceedings	80	(1)
The Right to the Assistance of Counsel	80	(1)
James Tomkovicz
Betts v. Brady	81	(3)
The Aftermath of Betts v. Brady	84	(1)
Gideon v. Wainwright	85	(3)
The unrealized dream of Gideon	88	(1)
Argersinger v. Hamlin	88	(2)
Scott v. Illinois	90	(2)
Memories of and Reflections About Gideon v. Wainwright	92	(1)
Bruce R. Jacob
About Guilt or Innocence	92	(1)
Donald A. Dripps
Nichols v. United States	93	(1)
Alabama v. Shelton	94	(1)
The ``Beginnings'' of the Right to Counsel	95	(1)
United States v. Gouveia	96	(1)
The Griffin-Douglas ``Equality'' Principle	97	(12)
Griffin v. Illinois	97	(1)
Application (or extension) of Griffin	98	(1)
Mayer v. Chicago	98	(1)
The Impact of the ``Equality'' Principle on Those Who Cannot Afford Counsel or Other Forms of Assistance	99	(1)
Douglas v. California	99	(1)
Ross v. Moffitt	100	(4)
On the Meaning of Ross	104	(1)
Poverty, Equality and Criminal Procedure	104	(1)
Yale Kamisar
United States v. MacCollom	105	(1)
The Indigent Defendant's Right to Expert Services in Addition to Counsel	106	(1)
Ake v. Oklahoma	106	(2)
The Constitution and Truth Seeking: A New Theory on Expert Services for Indigent Defendants	108	(1)
David A. Harris
Withdrawal of Appointed Counsel on Appeal: The Potential Tension Between the Indigent Defendant's Right to Counsel on First Appeal of Right and the Lawyer's Ethical Obligation Not to Assert Frivolous Claims	109	(5)
Anders v. California	109	(2)
McCoy v. Court of Appeals of Wisconsin	111	(1)
Smith v. Robbins	112	(2)
The Right to Appointed Counsel in Proceedings Other Than Criminal Prosecutions: the Continued Vitality of the Betts v. Brady Approach	114	(5)
Probation and Parole Revocation Hearings: Juvenile Court Proceedings; Parental Status Termination Proceedings	114	(1)
Gagnon v. Scarpelli	114	(2)
Juvenile court proceedings	116	(1)
Summary courts martial	117	(1)
Parental status termination proceedings	117	(1)
Collateral Attack Proceedings	118	(1)
The Role of Counsel	119	(98)
Waiver of the Right to Counsel: The Right to Proceed Pro Se	119	(19)
Faretta v. California	119	(4)
Martinez v. Court of Appeal of California	123	(2)
McKaskle v. Wiggins	125	(3)
The Role of Standby Counsel	128	(2)
Anne Bowen Poulin
United States v. Hill	130	(1)
Iowa v. Tovar	131	(5)
Godinez v. Moran	136	(2)
The Right to Counsel of One's Own Choice	138	(9)
Appointed Counsel	138	(1)
Morris v. Slappy	138	(2)
Retained Counsel	140	(1)
Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered v. United States	140	(7)
The Constitutional Division of Authority Over Defense Decisions	147	(6)
Jones v. Barnes	147	(2)
Florida v. Nixon	149	(2)
Roe v. Flores-Ortega	151	(2)
The Right to ``Effective'' Assistance of Counsel	153	(38)
Basic Features of the Right	153	(1)
Evitts v. Lucey	153	(1)
Wainwright v. Torna	153	(1)
Cuyler v. Sullivan	154	(3)
United States v. Decoster	157	(1)
Strickland v. Washington	158	(11)
Justice Marshall's criticism of the ``reasonably competent attorney'' standard	169	(1)
Strickland in other settings	169	(1)
Strickland and capital cases	169	(1)
Effective Assistance of Counsel in Capital Cases	169	(1)
Welsh S. White
A Broken System: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973--95	170	(1)
James Liebman
Application of the Strickland Standard	170	(1)
Nix v. Whiteside	171	(1)
Kimmelman v. Morrison	172	(1)
Yarborough v. Gentry	173	(3)
Excerpts from the Majority Opinion, Wiggins v. Smith (O'Connor, J.)	176	(1)
Notes on Applying the Prejudice Standard	176	(4)
Kimmelman v. Morrison	180	(2)
Lockhart v. Fretwell	182	(1)
Williams (Terry) v. Taylor	183	(1)
Strickland Exceptions	183	(1)
United States v. Cronic	184	(1)
Bell v. Cone	185	(1)
Burdine v. Johnson	186	(2)
Notes on Challenges to Institutional Deficiencies	188	(1)
State v. Peart	189	(1)
Miranda v. Clark County, Nevada	189	(2)
Conflicts of Interest	191	(26)
Joint Representation in Criminal Cases: A Critical Appraisal	191	(1)
Gary Lowenthal
Potential Conflicts and the Duty to Inquire	191	(2)
Holloway v. Arkansas	193	(1)
Cuyler v. Sullivan	193	(2)
Wood v. Georgia	195	(1)
Postconviction Review	196	(1)
Mickens v. Taylor	196	(10)
Burger v. Kemp	206	(2)
Disqualification of Counsel	208	(1)
Wheat v. United States	208	(5)
Waiving Rights in Criminal Procedure	213	(1)
William J. Stuntz
``Through a Glass Darkly'': How the Court Sees Motions to Disqualify Criminal Defense Lawyers	213	(1)
Bruce A. Green
Discrete and Relational Representation: The Changing Vision of the Right to Counsel	214	(2)
Pamela S. Karlan
United States v. Newell	216	(1)
PART TWO POLICE PRACTICES
Arrest, Search and Seizure	217	(246)
The Exclusionary Rule	217	(30)
Wolf v. Colorado	217	(2)
Mapp v. Ohio	219	(5)
United States v. Leon	224	(9)
Distinguishing Unconstitutionally Obtained Evidence from Unconstitutionally Used Evidence	233	(1)
Arnold A. Loewy
Deterrence, Perjury and the Heater Factor: An Exclusionary Rule in the Chicago Criminal Courts	234	(1)
Myron W. Orfield
Massachusetts v. Sheppard	235	(1)
Groh v. Ramirez	236	(1)
The Limits of the Exclusionary Rule	237	(1)
John Kaplan
Burger, C.J., dissenting in Bivens	237	(1)
Illinois v. Krull	238	(2)
United States v. Caceres	240	(1)
Notes on the ``Dimensions'' of the Exclusionary Rule	241	(1)
United States v. Calandra	241	(1)
Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott	242	(1)
One 1958 Plymouth Sedan v. Pennsylvania	242	(1)
United States v. Janis	243	(1)
I.N.S. v. Lopez-Mendoza	243	(1)
United States v. Jacobsen	244	(1)
Arizona v. Evans	245	(2)
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez	247	(1)
Protected Areas and Interests	247	(31)
Katz v. United States	247	(4)
California v. Greenwood	251	(2)
Oliver v. United States	253	(1)
Florida v. Riley	254	(2)
Hudson v. Palmer	256	(1)
Bond v. United States	257	(1)
Kyllo v. United States	257	(6)
United States v. Place	263	(1)
Illinois v. Caballes	263	(1)
Weapons detector	264	(1)
Electronic tracking	265	(1)
United States v. Knotts	265	(1)
United States v. Karo	265	(1)
Cellular phone tracking	266	(1)
Photographic magnification	267	(1)
Dow Chemical Co. v. United States	267	(1)
Enclosed space detection system	267	(1)
Interception of computer communications	268	(1)
Decryption	268	(1)
CRT Microspy	269	(1)
Digital contraband detection	269	(1)
Facial character recognition	270	(1)
Gas chromatography	270	(1)
Passive alcohol sensor	270	(1)
Gouled v. United States	271	(1)
Andresen v. Maryland	271	(3)
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily	274	(2)
O'Connor v. Johnson	276	(1)
A.L.I.---Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure	277	(1)
Tattered Cover v. City of Thornton	277	(1)
The Patriot Act	277	(1)
``Probable Cause''	278	(26)
Spinelli v. United States	278	(2)
Illinois v. Gates	280	(13)
Notes on the Probable Cause Determination	293	(1)
Massachusetts v. Upton	293	(3)
Franks v. Delaware	296	(1)
Notes on the Informer's Privilege	297	(1)
McCray v. Illinois	297	(2)
Maryland v. Pringle	299	(3)
Notes on Other Sources of Probable Cause	302	(2)
Search Warrants	304	(14)
Issuance of the Warrant	304	(1)
Coolidge v. New Hampshire	304	(1)
Shadwick v. City of Tampa	305	(1)
Maryland v. Garrison	306	(1)
Groh v. Ramirez	307	(1)
Execution of the Warrant	308	(1)
Gooding v. United States	309	(1)
Richards v. Wisconsin	310	(1)
United States v. Ramirez	311	(1)
United States v. Banks	311	(1)
Ybarra v. Illinois	312	(1)
Michigan v. Summers	313	(2)
Horton v. California	315	(1)
The ``Preference'' for Warrants	316	(1)
Warrants and Fourth Amendment Remedies	317	(1)
William S. Stuntz
Warrantless Arrests and Searches of the Person	318	(33)
United States v. Watson	318	(3)
Notes on Arrests With and Without Warrants	321	(2)
Atwater v. City of Lago Vista	323	(1)
Tennessee v. Garner	324	(2)
Gerstein v. Pugh	326	(2)
County of Riverside v. McLaughlin	328	(1)
Michigan v. Doran	329	(1)
United States v. Robinson	329	(5)
Notes and Questions on Unnecessary, Pretextual, and Arbitrary Arrests	334	(1)
Gustafson v. Florida	334	(1)
Atwater v. City of Lago Vista	335	(4)
Whren v. United States	339	(7)
Notes and Questions on Other Searches of the Person	346	(1)
Illinois v. LaFayette	346	(1)
United States v. Edwards	347	(1)
Schmerber v. California	348	(1)
Winston v. Lee	349	(1)
Knowles v. Iowa	349	(1)
Cupp v. Murphy	350	(1)
Warrantless Entries and Searches of Premises	351	(20)
Chimel v. California	351	(4)
Notes on Search of Premises Incident to and After Arrest Therein	355	(1)
Maryland v. Buie	356	(1)
Washington v. Chrisman	357	(1)
Notes on Warrantless Searches While in Premises to Arrest	357	(1)
Coolidge v. New Hampshire	357	(1)
Arizona v. Hicks	358	(1)
Notes on Warrantless Searches of Premises Under Exigent Circumstances	358	(1)
Vale v. Louisiana	358	(3)
Segura v. United States	361	(1)
Illinois v. McArthur	362	(2)
Mincey v. Arizona	364	(1)
Payton v. New York	364	(5)
Welsh v. Wisconsin	369	(1)
Steagald v. United States	370	(1)
Warrantless Seizures and Searches of Vehicles and Containers	371	(30)
California v. Carney	371	(6)
California v. Acevedo	377	(7)
Wyoming v. Houghton	384	(4)
Illinois v. Andreas	388	(1)
Thornton v. United States	389	(6)
Colorado v. Bertine	395	(5)
Florida v. Wells	400	(1)
Stop and Frisk	401	(38)
Terry v. Ohio	401	(7)
The Significance of the Stop-and-Frisk Cases	408	(1)
The Utility of the Balancing Test	408	(1)
Police Action Short of a Seizure	409	(1)
Florida v. Bostick	409	(3)
United States v. Drayton	412	(1)
California v. Hodari D.	413	(3)
Brown v. City of Oneonta	416	(1)
Grounds for Temporary Seizure for Investigation	416	(1)
United States v. Cortez	417	(1)
Sibron v. United States	417	(1)
Florida v. J. L.	418	(2)
United State v. Sokolow	420	(1)
United States v. Hensley	421	(1)
Illinois v. Wardlow	422	(1)
Tracey L. Meares & Bernard E. Harcourt---Transparent Adjudication and Social Science Research in Constitutional Criminal Procedure	423	(1)
Permissible Extent and Scope of Temporary Seizure	424	(1)
Florida v. Royer	425	(1)
United States v. Sharpe	425	(1)
Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court	426	(2)
Illinois v. Caballes	428	(3)
Ohio v. Robinette	431	(1)
Temporary Seizure of Effects	432	(1)
United States v. Place	432	(2)
Protective Search	434	(1)
Frisking Every Suspect: The Withering of Terry	434	(1)
David A. Harris
Minnesota v. Dickerson	435	(1)
Michigan v. Long	435	(1)
Other Brief Detention for Investigation	436	(1)
Davis v. Mississippi	436	(2)
Dunaway v. New York	438	(1)
Administrative Inspections and Regulatory Searches: More on Balancing the Need Against the Invasion of Privacy	439	(7)
Camara v. Municipal Court	440	(2)
Michigan Dep't of State Police v. Sitz	442	(1)
New Jersey v. T.L.O.	442	(1)
Griffin v. Wisconsin	442	(1)
National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab	442	(1)
Skinner v. Railroad Labor Executives' Ass'n	443	(1)
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton	443	(1)
Board of Education v. Earls	443	(1)
City of Indianapolis v. Edmond	444	(1)
Ferguson v. City of Charleston	444	(1)
Illinois v. Lidster	444	(1)
United States v. Knights	445	(1)
Consent Searches	446	(17)
The Nature of ``Consent	447	(1)
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte	447	(6)
Notes on the Relevant Factors in Determining the Validity of a Consent	453	(1)
Bumper v. North Carolina	453	(2)
Florida v. Jimeno	455	(1)
Third Party Consent	456	(1)
Illinois v. Rodriguez	456	(4)
Notes on Who May Consent	460	(1)
Notes on Limits on Third-Party Consent	461	(2)
Wiretapping, Electronic Eavesdropping, the Use of Secret Agents to Obtain Incriminating Statements, and the Fourth Amendment	463	(39)
Historical Background	463	(4)
Constitutional Permission	463	(1)
Olmstead v. United States	463	(2)
Statutory Prohibition: § 605 of the 1934 Federal Communications Act	465	(1)
Wiretapping, § 605 and Federal-State Relations	466	(1)
Non-Telephonic Electronic Eavesdropping	466	(1)
Berger, Katz and the Legislation That Followed	467	(17)
The Implications of Berger and Katz	467	(1)
Berger v. New York	467	(2)
Katz v. United States	469	(1)
Title III, the ECPA and the USA Patriot Act of 2001: An Overview	470	(1)
The scope of Title III	471	(1)
The definition of ``interception''; ``content information'' and ``envelope information''; silent video surveillance	472	(1)
Nonconsensual electronic surveillance	473	(1)
Title III's ``exclusionary rule''	474	(1)
``Carnivore'' (a.k.a. DCS-1000)	474	(2)
Applications for court orders	476	(1)
Entering an order	476	(1)
``National security'' surveillance and the FISA	477	(1)
The USA Patriot Act expands FISA's applicability	478	(1)
``Roving wiretaps'' and the Patriot Act's expansion of this authority to FISA cases	479	(1)
Secret video surveillance of private places: United States v. Torres	480	(1)
Should video surveillance be subject to greater restriction than electronic surveillance?	481	(1)
Charles Whitebread, & Christopher Slobogin---Criminal Procedure	481	(1)
Have the courts which attempted to create constitutional standards for covert video surveillance by borrowing statutory standards from the audio surveillance field abdicated their responsibilities?	482	(1)
Is ``Wiretapping Law'' Constitutional in Theory But Statutory in Practice? Are Legislatures Better Situated to Deal with New Technology than Courts?	482	(1)
The Fourth Amendment and New Technologies: Constitutional Myths and The Case for Caution	482	(2)
Orin S. Kerr
Some Applications of Title III	484	(4)
``Minimiz[ing] the Interception of Communications Not Otherwise Subject to Interception''	484	(1)
Scott v. United States	484	(2)
John Burkoff---The Court That Devoured the Fourth Amendment	486	(1)
Clifford Fishman---The ``Minimization'' Requirement in Electronic Surveillance	486	(1)
Electronic Surveillance Which Involves Covert Entry Into Private Premises to Install Equipment	487	(1)
Dalia v. United States	487	(1)
Michael Goldsmith---Rewriting the Law of Electronic Surveillance	488	(1)
The Use of Secret Agents (With and Without Electronic Devices) to Obtain Incriminating Statements	488	(14)
Lopez v. United States	488	(2)
Notes on the Constitution and the Use of Undercover Agents and Informers	490	(1)
Lewis v. United States	490	(2)
Hoffa v. United States	492	(2)
Weatherford v. Bursey	494	(1)
Is a Justice Department order permitting the monitoring of communications between federal prisoners and their lawyers supported by Weatherford v. Bursey?	495	(1)
United States v. White	496	(6)
Police ``Encouragement'' and the Defense of Entrapment	502	(39)
Comments on the defense of entrapment from various vantage points	502	(3)
The Tests for Entrapment	505	(11)
United States v. Russell	505	(7)
Commentary on the ``Subjective'' and ``Objective'' Tests	512	(1)
People v. Barraza	512	(1)
The Entrapment Controversy	512	(1)
Roger Park
The Supreme Court, Entrapment and Our Criminal Justice Dilemma	513	(1)
Louis Michael Seidman
Lead Us Not Into (Unwarranted) Temptation	514	(1)
Maura Whelan
Other Issues Raised by the Entrapment Defense	515	(1)
Contingent fee arrangements	515	(1)
``Inconsistent'' defenses	515	(1)
Triable by court or jury	515	(1)
Burden of proof	516	(1)
More on the Due Process Defense to Government ``Overinvolvement'' in a Criminal Enterprise	516	(11)
Hampton v. United States	516	(2)
Leslie Abramson & Lisa Lindeman---Entrapment and Due Process in the Federal Courts	518	(1)
United States v. Simpson	519	(1)
United States v. Miller	519	(1)
United States v. Kelly	520	(6)
After Abscam: An Examination of Congressional Proposals	526	(1)
Katherine Goldwasser
Continuing Controversy Over the Entrapment Defense	527	(14)
Jacobson v. United States	527	(7)
Clarifying Entrapment	534	(1)
Ronald Allen
Is entrapment a label given to the unproductive use of law enforcement resources?	535	(1)
The ``reasonable suspicion'' requirement	535	(1)
Did Jacobson blend the ``subjective'' and ``objective'' tests?	536	(1)
``Reverse sting'' cases	536	(1)
How are the federal courts interpreting Jacobson?	536	(1)
United States v. Gendron	536	(1)
United States v. Hollingsworth	537	(2)
United States v. Knox	539	(2)
Police Interrogation and Confessions	541	(215)
Some Different Perspectives	541	(11)
Fred E. Inbau: Police Interrogation---A Practical Necessity	541	(4)
Equal Justice in the Gatehouses and Mansions of American Criminal Procedure	545	(4)
Yale Kamisar
Confessions, Truth, and the Law	549	(3)
Joseph D. Grano
Historical Background	552	(18)
The Interests Protected by the Due Process ``Voluntariness'' Test for Admitting Confessions	552	(4)
The Shortcomings of the ``Voluntariness'' Test	556	(2)
The McNabb---Mallory Rule: Supervisory Authority Over Federal Criminal Justice vs. Fourteenth Amendment Due Process	558	(2)
The Right to Counsel and the Analogy to the Accusatorial, Adversary Trial	560	(1)
Crooker v. California	560	(1)
Cicenia v. La Gay	560	(1)
Spano v. New York	560	(1)
Massiah and Escobedo: The Court Closes in on the ``Confession Problem''	561	(1)
Massiah v. United States	561	(2)
Escobedo v. Illinois	563	(4)
On the Meaning of Escobedo	567	(1)
A Late Arrival on the Scene: The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination	568	(1)
Malloy v. Hogan	569	(1)
The Miranda ``Revolution''	570	(125)
Oral Arguments in Miranda and Companion Cases	570	(5)
Miranda v. Arizona	575	(23)
Justice Kennedy's Question About Miranda's Constitutional Status-Can (Did) Congress ``Repeal'' Miranda? (and why treatment of this issue should be postponed)	598	(1)
Four decades with Miranda: An Overview	599	(1)
Michigan v. Tucker	600	(1)
New York v. Quarles	601	(1)
Oregon v. Elstad	601	(1)
Applying and Explaining Miranda	602	(1)
``Intelligent'' waivers vs. ``wise'' ones	602	(1)
State v. McKnight	602	(1)
Adequacy of warnings	602	(1)
Duckworth v. Eagan	602	(2)
Need for admonitions in addition to the four Miranda warnings	604	(1)
Colorado v. Spring	605	(1)
``Custody'' vs. ``focus''	606	(1)
Beckwith v. United States	606	(1)
What constitutes ``custody'' or ``custodial interrogation''?	607	(1)
Yarborough v. Alvarado	608	(5)
On ``Custody''	613	(1)
Craig Bradley
What constitutes interrogation within the meaning of Miranda?	614	(1)
Rhode Island v. Innis	614	(5)
Arizona v. Mauro	619	(2)
The ``jail plant'' situation; ``surreptitious interrogation''	621	(1)
Illinois v. Perkins	621	(2)
Pennsylvania v. Muniz: What constitutes ``testimonial'' evidence? What questions fall within the ``routine booking question'' exception to Miranda?	623	(4)
``Physical'' or ``demeanor'' evidence vs. evidence of silence	627	(1)
When does a response to an officer's question present a reasonable danger of incrimination?	628	(1)
Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial Court	628	(1)
Questioning prompted by concern for ``public safety''	629	(1)
New York v. Quarles	629	(5)
When, if ever, should interrogators be allowed to use ``torture'' in order to obtain information from suspected terrorists?	634	(1)
Torture	634	(1)
Marcy Strauss
The Torture Warrant: A Response to Professor Strauss	635	(1)
Alan M. Dershowitz
Too Close to the Rack and Screw	636	(1)
Seth F. Kreimer
Torture Without Visibility and Accountability Is Worse Than With It	636	(1)
Alan M. Dershowitz
Interrogating Suspected Terrorists: Should Torture Be an Option?	637	(1)
John T. Parry
Welsh S. White
Meeting the ``heavy burden'' of demonstrating waiver	637	(1)
Miranda's Social Costs: An Empirical Assessment	638	(1)
Paul G. Cassell
Miranda's Practical Effect: Substantial Benefits and Vanishingly Small Social Costs	638	(1)
Stephen J. Schulhofer
State v. Cook	639	(2)
Toward Taping	641	(1)
Christopher Slobogin
Implied waiver	642	(1)
North Carolina v. Butler	642	(1)
``Qualified'' waiver	643	(1)
Connecticut v. Butler	643	(1)
What constitutes an invocation of Miranda rights?	644	(1)
Fare v. Michael C.	644	(1)
The scope of ``second-level'' Miranda safeguards---the procedure that must be followed when suspects do assert their rights	645	(1)
Michigan v. Mosley	646	(1)
Edwards v. Arizona	647	(1)
Clarification (and extension?) of the Edwards rule	647	(1)
Arizona v. Roberson	647	(1)
Minnick v. Mississippi	648	(3)
When does the ``question-proof status'' of a person who has asserted his right to counsel come to an end?	651	(1)
United States v. Green	651	(1)
What constitutes ``initiating'' further communication with the police?	652	(1)
Oregon v. Bradshaw	652	(3)
How direct, assertive and unambiguous must a suspect be in order to invoke the right to counsel?	655	(1)
Davis v. United States	655	(3)
The Miranda--Edwards--Roberson Rule and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel compared and contrasted	658	(1)
Michigan v. Jackson	658	(1)
McNeil v. Wisconsin	659	(1)
``Anticipatorily'' invoking the Miranda--Edwards--Roberson right to counsel	660	(1)
Does the failure to inform a suspect that a lawyer is trying to see him vitiate the waiver of Miranda rights?	661	(1)
Moran v. Burbine	661	(7)
When U.S. law enforcement officers subject non-American citizens abroad to custodial interrogation, must they ``Mirandize'' them?	668	(1)
United States v. Bin Laden	668	(1)
Use of a pretrial psychiatric examination at a capital sentencing proceeding	669	(1)
Estelle v. Smith	669	(1)
Miranda and mentally retarded suspects: the Cloud-Shepherd-Barkoff-Shur study	670	(1)
Comparing and contrasting Miranda with (a) the prohibition against the use of involuntary or compelled statements and (b) the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule	671	(1)
Withrow v. Williams	671	(2)
Other Miranda problems	673	(1)
The Impact of Miranda in Practice	673	(1)
[Extracts of articles by Peter Arenella, Paul Cassell, John Donohue, Stephen Schulhofer, and George Thomas]	674	(2)
Have Modern Police Interrogators ``Adapted'' to Miranda or are they Violating it?	676	(1)
Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets	676	(1)
David Simon
Killing Miranda in Baltimore: Reflections on David Simon's Homicide	677	(2)
Yale Kamisar
Can (Did) Congress ``Repeal'' Miranda	679	(1)
Title II of the 1968 Crime Control Act (§ 3501)	679	(1)
Dickerson v. United States	680	(9)
Reconciling the prophylactic-rule cases with Miranda	689	(1)
Constitutional Theory for Criminal Procedure	689	(1)
Donald A. Dripps
Foolish confessions	689	(1)
Why did Chief Justice Rehnquist come to the rescue of Miranda?	690	(1)
Does Dickerson leave Miranda incoherent?	690	(1)
The Paths Not Taken	690	(1)
Paul G. Cassell
Is constitutional law filled with ``prophylactic rules''? On the other hand, as Justice Scalia defines ``prophylactic rules,'' is Miranda such a rule?	691	(1)
Constitutional Decision Rules	691	(1)
Mitchell N. Berman
``The advantages of reactivism''	692	(1)
Activism as Restraint: Lessons from Criminal Procedure	692	(1)
Steven F. Smith
Does Dickerson represent an opportunity missed?	693	(1)
Miranda's Mistake	693	(1)
William J. Stuntz
Is Congress still free to replace Miranda warnings with other procedures?	693	(1)
Miranda Thirty-Five Years Later	693	(1)
Yale Kamisar
Unrepentant dissenters	694	(1)
Dripps, supra	694	(1)
Miranda, the Privilege Against Compelled Self-Incrimination and Fourteenth Amendment Due Process: When Does a Violation of These Safeguards Occur?	695	(6)
Chavez v. Martinez	695	(6)
The Recharacterization of the Right Against Self-Incrimination as a ``Trial Right'' in Chavez v. Martinez	701	(1)
Thomas Y. Davies
The Patane and Seibert Cases: Is Physical Evidence or a ``Second Confession'' Derived from a Failure to Comply with the Miranda Rules Admissible? The Court's Answers Shed Light on Dickerson	701	(14)
Oregon v. Elstad	701	(1)
Oral Arguments in the Patane case	702	(1)
United States v. Patane	703	(3)
Another Look at Patane and Seibert, the 2004 Miranda ``Poisoned Fruit'' Cases	706	(1)
Yale Kamisar
Missouri v. Seibert	707	(6)
Notes and Questions on Seibert	713	(2)
The ``Due Process''---``Voluntariness'' Test Revisited	715	(18)
Miller v. Fenton: What Kinds of Trickery or Deception If Any, May the Police Employ After a Suspect Has Waived His Rights?	715	(1)
Police Trickery in Inducing Confessions	716	(1)
Welsh S. White
Miller v. Fenton	716	(6)
A Statutory Replacement for the Miranda Doctrine	722	(1)
Phillip Johnson
United States v. LeBrun	722	(2)
The Ofshe-Leo studies	724	(1)
What Is a Voluntary Confession Now?	724	(1)
Welsh S. White
Arizona v. Fulminante	725	(1)
Colorado v. Connelly: Did the Court Decline to Expand the ``Voluntariness'' Test or Did It Revise the Test Significantly?	726	(1)
Colorado v. Connelly	726	(3)
What if the Ku Klux Klan had kidnapped and tortured a murder suspect?	729	(1)
Laurence Benner---Requiem for Miranda: The Rehnquist Court's Voluntariness Doctrine in Historical Perspective	730	(1)
Suppose Connelly had phoned a Denver police officer from Boston and---with the ``voice of God'' ringing in his ears---confessed?	731	(1)
Does talk about ``product of a free choice'' lead anywhere?	731	(1)
United States v. Rutledge	731	(1)
George Dix---Federal Constitutional Confession Law	732	(1)
Miranda's Waning Protections	732	(1)
Welsh S. White
Massiah Revisited; Massiah and Miranda Compared and Contrasted	733	(23)
The Revivification of Massiah	733	(1)
Brewer v. Williams (Williams I)	733	(7)
Patterson v. Illinois	740	(3)
The ``no-contact'' rule	743	(1)
Maine v. Moulton	744	(1)
``Passive'' vs. ``Active'' Secret Agents	745	(1)
United States v. Henry	745	(1)
Kuhlmann v. Wilson	746	(2)
Evidence From the Mind of the Criminal Suspect	748	(1)
H. Richard Uviller
An Adversary System Defense of the Right to Counsel Against Informants	748	(1)
James Tomkovicz
Once the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel Arises, Does it Attach to All Other Offenses Closely Related to the Particular Offense Charged?	749	(1)
Texas v. Cobb	749	(5)
Should Massiah Be Overruled?	754	(1)
Why the Supreme Court Should Overrule the Massiah Doctrine and Permit Miranda Alone to Govern Interrogations	754	(2)
Sherry Colb
Lineups, Showups and Other Pre-Trial Identification Procedures	756	(32)
Commentary on how many mistaken eyewitness identifications lead to wrongful convictions	756	(1)
Wade and Gilbert: Constitutional Concern About the Dangers Involved in Eyewitness Identifications	757	(12)
United States v. Wade	757	(7)
On the Meaning of the Lineup Decisions	764	(1)
A.L.I.---Model Code of Pre-Arraignment Procedure	764	(2)
The Role of the Defense Lawyer at a Lineup	766	(1)
A.J. Davis
Moore v. Illinois	766	(2)
The Due Process ``Back-up'' Test	768	(1)
Stovall v. Denno	768	(1)
The Eye-Witness Testimony Provisions of the 1968 Crime Control Act	768	(1)
The Court Retreats: Kirby and Ash	769	(7)
Kirby v. Illinois	769	(3)
Moore v. Illinois	772	(1)
United States v. Ash	772	(4)
Due Process and Other Limitations	776	(12)
Stovall v. Denno	776	(1)
Manson v. Braithwaite	777	(6)
Reliable Identification: Could the Supreme Court Tell in Manson v. Brathwaite?	783	(1)
Randolph Jonakait
Suggestive Identifications: The Supreme Court's Due Process Test Fails to Meet Its Own Criteria	784	(1)
Steven Grossman
Do the assumptions of the Manson majority find support in psychological research?	784	(1)
Should we bar the state from seeking death when suggestive identification procedures have been used?	784	(1)
How to Increase the Accuracy of Eyewitness Identifications: Gary Wells' Writings and the National Institute of Justice's (NIJ's) Eyewitness Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement	784	(2)
Detention for Identification Procedures in the Absence of Probable Cause	786	(2)
Grand Jury Investigations	788	(103)
The Role of the Investigative Grand Jury	788	(16)
The Investigative Authority of the Grand Jury	788	(1)
Dual Functions	788	(1)
Historical developments	788	(2)
Current status	790	(1)
Investigative Advantages	791	(1)
Subpoena ad testificandum	791	(1)
Psychological pressure	792	(1)
Immunity grants	793	(1)
Subpoena duces tecum	793	(1)
Secrecy	794	(4)
Maintaining public confidence	798	(1)
Alternative Routes to Investigation by Subpoena	798	(1)
Alternative criminal investigative authority	798	(1)
Civil administrative subpoenas	799	(1)
Legal similarities and differences	799	(1)
Judicial Regulation: Some Differing Perspectives	800	(1)
Criminal Procedure Treatise	800	(2)
Wayne LaFave
Jerold Israel
Nancy King
Blair v. United States	802	(1)
In re Grand Jury Proceedings (Schofield I)	802	(1)
United States v. Williams	803	(1)
Fourth Amendment Challenges to the Investigation	804	(20)
The Initial Approach	804	(1)
Boyd v. United States	804	(4)
The significance of Boyd	808	(1)
The Overbreadth Doctrine	809	(1)
Hale v. Henkel	809	(1)
Explaining the overbreadth doctrine	810	(2)
Applying the overbreadth doctrine	812	(1)
Third-party objections	813	(1)
United States v. Miller	813	(2)
Subpoenas and Privacy	815	(1)
Christopher Slobogin
Compelling Testimony (and Identification Exemplars)	816	(1)
United States v. Dionisio	816	(5)
Notes on the meaning and scope of Dionisio	821	(2)
United States v. Calandra	823	(1)
Other Objections to the Investigation	824	(14)
United States v. R. Enterprises, Inc.	824	(4)
In re Grand Jury Proceedings (Schofield)	828	(1)
Branzburg v. Hayes	829	(2)
Attorney subpoenas	831	(2)
Notes on Misuse Objections	833	(2)
Notes on Third Party Subpoenas	835	(1)
Target standing	835	(1)
Target notification	836	(1)
Legislative grants of standing and notification	836	(2)
Grand Jury Testimony and the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination	838	(14)
Grand Jury Testimony	838	(1)
Counselman v. Hitchcock	838	(1)
Hoffman v. United States	839	(1)
Murphy v. Waterfront Comm.	840	(1)
United States v. Balsys	840	(1)
Rogers v. United States	841	(4)
United States v. Washington	845	(1)
United States v. Mandujano	846	(1)
Availability of counsel	847	(1)
Immunity Grants	848	(1)
Constitutionality	848	(1)
Scope of the immunity	849	(1)
Murphy v. Waterfront Comm.	849	(1)
Kastigar v. United States	849	(2)
United States v. North	851	(1)
United States v. McDaniel	852	(1)
Prosecutorial discretion	852	(1)
Self-Incrimination and the Compelled Production of Documents	852	(28)
The Dismantling of Boyd	852	(2)
United States v. White	854	(2)
Shapiro v. United States	856	(1)
Schmerber v. California	856	(1)
The Act-of-Production Doctrine	857	(1)
Fisher v. United States	857	(6)
The role of privacy	863	(1)
United States v. Doe (Doe I)	863	(2)
The foregone conclusion doctrine	865	(1)
Simplifying Subpoena Law: Taking the Fifth Amendment Seriously	866	(1)
Robert Mosteller
Establishing a foregone conclusion	866	(1)
Potential incrimination	866	(1)
Act of production immunity	867	(1)
Braswell v. United States	867	(3)
Baltimore Dept. of Social Servs. v. Bouknight	870	(1)
United States v. Hubbell	871	(6)
Notes on Hubbell	877	(3)
Fifth Amendment History and Values	880	(11)
Excerpts from Doe v. United States (Doe II)	881	(2)
What history is relevant?	883	(1)
The significance of history	883	(1)
The role of the underlying values	884	(1)
Distinguishing values	885	(1)
Systemic rationales	885	(3)
Dignitary values	888	(1)
The cruel trilemma	889	(1)
Protection of privacy	889	(2)
The Scope of the Exclusionary Rules	891	(54)
``Standing'' to Object to the Admission of Evidence	891	(15)
Historical Background and Overview	891	(1)
Alderman v. United States	892	(1)
Deterring Constitutional Violations by Law Enforcement Officials	892	(1)
Daniel Meltzer
Understanding Criminal Procedure	893	(1)
Joshua Dressler
United States v. Payner	893	(1)
``Automatic'' standing	894	(1)
United States v. Salvucci	895	(1)
Residential premises	895	(1)
Business premises	896	(1)
The Current Approach	896	(1)
Rakas v. Illinois	896	(2)
Rawlings v. Kentucky	898	(1)
Wayne LaFave---Search and Seizure	898	(2)
Minnesota v. Carter	900	(5)
The Fourth Amendment's Iron Triangle: Standing, Consent and Searchability	905	(1)
Craig Bradley
The ``Fruit of the Poisonous Tree''	906	(16)
Historical Background and Overview	906	(1)
Wong Sun v. United States	907	(1)
Brown v. Illinois	908	(1)
Dunaway v. New York	909	(1)
United States v. Crews	910	(1)
New York v. Harris	911	(2)
Segura v. United States	913	(1)
Murray v. United States	913	(2)
The Bell Tolls for the Search Warrant Requirement	915	(1)
Craig M. Bradley
United States v. Ceccolini	915	(1)
The ``Inevitable Discovery'' Doctrine: The Sequel to Brewer v. Williams	916	(1)
Nix v. Williams (Williams II)	916	(2)
Must the independent line of investigation be underway?	918	(1)
Primary evidence vs. secondary evidence	918	(1)
The significance of Murray v. United States	919	(1)
Inevitable discovery and the warrant requirement	919	(1)
Inevitable Discovery: An Exception beyond the Fruits	919	(1)
Robert M. Bloom
Inevitable discovery and knock-and-announce requirements	920	(1)
The cross-fire between ``standing'' and ``inevitable discovery:'' Can ``lack of standing'' be a basis for ``inevitable discovery''?	920	(1)
United States v. Johnson	920	(2)
Is a Confession Obtained in Violation of the Miranda Rules a ``Poisonous Tree''?	922	(1)
United States v. Patane	922	(1)
Missouri v. Seibert	922	(1)
Use of Illegally Obtained Evidence for Impeachment Purposes	922	(14)
The Expansion of a Once-Narrow Exception	922	(1)
Walder v. United States	922	(1)
Harris v. New York	922	(2)
Oregon v. Hass	924	(1)
People v. Peevy	924	(1)
United States v. Havens	925	(1)
James v. Illinois	926	(3)
The ``Pinocchio defense witness''	929	(1)
A Halt to the Expansion of the Impeachment Exception	929	(1)
James Spira
The Impeachment Exception to the Exclusionary Rules	929	(1)
James Kainen
What Kinds of Constitutional or Other Violations Are Encompassed Within the Impeachment Exception?	930	(1)
Michigan v. Harvey	930	(2)
Use of Defendant's Prior Silence for Impeachment Purposes	932	(1)
Doyle v. Ohio	932	(1)
Jenkins v. Anderson	932	(1)
Fletcher v. Weir	933	(1)
Use of Post-Miranda Warnings Silence or Assertion of Rights to Rebut Insanity Defense of Insanity	933	(1)
Wainwright v. Greenfield	933	(1)
How Much Leeway Do the ``Impeachment'' Cases and ``Fruit of the Poisonous Tree'' Cases Give A ``Bad Man of the Law''?	934	(1)
Failed Pragmatism: Reflections on the Burger Court	934	(1)
Albert W. Alschuler
California Police Training Videotape---Questioning ``Outside Miranda''	935	(1)
Saving Miranda	936	(1)
Charles Weisselberg
Allocation of the Burdens of Proof	936	(9)
People v. Berrios	936	(2)
How common is police ``falsification''?	938	(3)
Lego v. Twomey	941	(1)
Colorado v. Connelly	942	(1)
Jackson v. Denno	943	(1)
Watkins v. Sowders	944	(1)
Index	945