The Basic Emt: Comprehensive Prehospital Patient Care

by McSwain, Norman E.; Paturas, James L.

• ISBN13: 9780323011167
• ISBN10: 0323011160
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

Here is the essential EMT training tool! Like the outstanding first edition, it offers thorough background information and encourages critical thinking skills, and presents the physical skills of the EMT in a user-friendly "skill sheet" format. Extensive new information has been added on stroke, CPR, AEDs, substance abuse, and more. The text's entire approach to emergency treatment has been drafted into an integrated series of algorithms throughout the text, allowing you to see the big picture as you learn about each part of the process.

Table of Contents

Section One Introduction to EMS	1	(255)
Introduction to EMS	3	(17)
Emergency Medical Provider	5	(1)
Emergency Medical Service System	6	(1)
Health Care Delivery System	7	(2)
Common EMS System Variables	9	(6)
Future of EMS	15	(1)
Future of the EMT	15	(1)
EMS System Challenges	15	(5)
Roles/Responsibilities of the EMT	20	(11)
Emergency Medical Services System	21	(1)
Communication	22	(2)
Roles and Responsibilities	24	(2)
Professional Attributes	26	(1)
Professional Ethics	27	(1)
Certification and Licensure	27	(1)
Professional Organizations	28	(3)
Medical/Legal Principles	31	(11)
Medical Control	32	(1)
Prehospital Medical Record Documentation	33	(1)
Consent for Medical Care and Transportation	33	(2)
Consent in the Incompetent Adult Patient	35	(1)
Surrogate Consent	36	(1)
Providing Treatment at a Possible Crime Scene	37	(1)
EMT's Scope of Practice	37	(1)
Right to Receive Care Without Interruption	38	(1)
Right to Receive Appropriate Care	38	(1)
Organ Donation	39	(3)
EMS Medical Director	42	(11)
EMS Medical Director	44	(1)
Medical Direction	45	(8)
Well-Being of the EMT	53	(21)
Assess Scene for Hazards	54	(1)
Body Substance Isolation	55	(1)
Overview of Special Scenes	55	(5)
Death and Dying	60	(1)
Dealing with the Dying Patient and Family Members	61	(2)
EMT's Reaction to Emergencies	63	(1)
EMT's Family and Friends	64	(1)
Understanding Stress	65	(9)
Infection Control	74	(12)
Importance of Body Substance Isolation	76	(1)
Common Infectious Diseases	77	(1)
Guidelines for Bloodborne Pathogen Protection	78	(2)
Methods for Personal Protection for the EMT	80	(6)
The Human Body	86	(27)
Medical Terminology	87	(1)
Musculoskeletal System	88	(7)
Body Systems	95	(10)
Body Cavities	105	(8)
Assessment	113	(37)
Patient Assessment	117	(1)
General Impression and Plan of Action	117	(1)
Scene Survey	118	(2)
Initial Patient Assessment	120	(6)
Rapid Focused History and Physical Examination	126	(11)
Baseline Vital Signs	137	(1)
Signs Versus Symptoms	137	(1)
Pulse	138	(2)
Ventilations	140	(1)
Blood Pressure	141	(1)
Skin Color and Temperature	142	(1)
Level of Consciousness	142	(2)
Pupil Reaction	144	(1)
SAMPLE History	144	(1)
Vital Signs Review	145	(5)
Management of Shock	150	(27)
Anatomy and Physiology	153	(6)
Pathophysiology	159	(6)
Assessment	165	(2)
Management	167	(10)
Airway Management and Ventilation	177	(35)
Anatomy and Physiology	180	(4)
Assessment	184	(2)
Management	186	(26)
Advanced Airway Management Skills	212	(23)
Anatomy and Physiology	215	(1)
Pathophysiology of Airway Compromise	216	(1)
Assessment: Indications for Endotracheal Intubation	216	(1)
Management	217	(14)
Advance Directives	231	(4)
Scene Size-up and the EMS Call	235	(20)
Types of EMS Calls	238	(2)
Citizen Access and Communication	240	(1)
Dispatching the Ambulance	241	(1)
En Route to the Scene	241	(2)
At the Scene	243	(4)
Bioethical Considerations	247	(2)
Transportation Considerations	249	(1)
Emergency Department	249	(2)
Continuum of In-hospital Care	251	(4)
Section Two Nontraumatic Emergencies	255	(146)
General Pharmacology	257	(15)
Overview of the Use of Medications by the EMT	258	(1)
Medication Names	259	(1)
Forms of Medications	259	(2)
Drug Dynamics	261	(2)
Reading Labels and Prescriptions	263	(1)
Specific Medications	264	(1)
Assessment and Management	264	(8)
Respiratory Emergencies	272	(16)
Respiratory System	275	(1)
Pathophysiology	275	(7)
Management	282	(6)
Cardiovascular Emergencies	288	(18)
Anatomy	291	(1)
Physiology	292	(4)
Pathophysiology	296	(1)
Assessment	297	(1)
Management	298	(2)
Automated External Defibrillation	300	(6)
Early Defibrillation	306	(17)
Sudden Cardiac Death	307	(3)
Automated External Defibrillator	310	(5)
Postresuscitation Care	315	(1)
Maintenance of the AED	315	(1)
Maintaining AED Skills	315	(8)
Altered Mental Status	323	(12)
Causes of Altered Mental Status	324	(6)
Assessment of the Patient with Altered Mental Status	330	(5)
Allergies	335	(8)
Anatomy and Physiology	336	(1)
Pathophysiology	337	(1)
Assessment	338	(1)
Management	339	(4)
Toxic Emergencies: Poisoning and Overdose	343	(12)
Poison Control Centers	344	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	345	(1)
Assessment	346	(2)
Management	348	(2)
Substance Abuse	350	(5)
Behavioral Emergencies	355	(17)
Behavior	356	(1)
Behavioral Emergencies	357	(1)
Magnitude of Mental Health Problems	357	(1)
Assessment of Behavioral Emergencies	358	(3)
Primary and Secondary Psychologic Crises	361	(7)
Medicolegal Considerations	368	(1)
Management and Emergency Medical Treatment	369	(3)
Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies	372	(29)
Anatomy and Physiology	373	(6)
Pathophysiology	379	(2)
Assessment	381	(1)
Management	382	(9)
Alleged Sexual Assault	391	(10)
Section Three Trauma	401	(182)
Kinematics of Trauma	403	(39)
Definitions	405	(1)
Precrash, Crash, Postcrash	405	(1)
Physics of Energy Exchange	406	(4)
Blunt Trauma	410	(15)
Motorcycle Collisions	425	(2)
Pedestrian Injury	427	(2)
Falls	429	(1)
Sports Injuries	430	(1)
Blast Injuries	431	(1)
Penetrating Injuries	432	(10)
Soft Tissue Injury and Bleeding Control	442	(18)
Anatomy and Physiology	445	(2)
Pathophysiology	447	(4)
Assessment	451	(1)
Management	452	(4)
Controlling Bleeding	456	(4)
Head Trauma	460	(16)
Anatomy of the Head	462	(5)
Pathophysiology of the Head	467	(4)
Assessment of Head Injuries	471	(5)
Management of Head Injuries	476	(1)
Chest Trauma	476	(17)
Anatomy	477	(4)
Physiology	481	(2)
Pathophysiology	483	(3)
Heart	486	(1)
Assessment	486	(1)
Management	487	(6)
Abdominal Emergencies	493	(11)
Anatomy	494	(3)
Physiology and Pathophysiology	497	(3)
Assessment	500	(1)
Management	501	(3)
Spinal Trauma	504	(25)
Nervous System	507	(1)
Anatomy of the Spine	508	(2)
Pathophysiology of the Spine	510	(1)
Assessment of Spinal Injuries	511	(2)
Management if Spinal Injuries	513	(1)
Skills	514	(15)
Musculoskeletal Trauma	529	(31)
Anatomy and Physiology	531	(1)
Muscle and Bone Interaction to Produce Motion	532	(4)
Pathophysiology	536	(6)
Assessment	542	(3)
Management	545	(1)
Practical Skills: Splinting	546	(14)
Environmental Emergencies	560	(23)
Anatomy and Physiology of Temperature Regulation	561	(3)
Pathophysiology: Environmental Factors Affecting Body Temperature	564	(1)
Assessment of Environmental Emergencies	565	(1)
Management of Environmental Emergencies	566	(1)
Generalized Cold Exposure	566	(3)
Localized Cold Exposure	569	(2)
Heat Exposure	571	(2)
Burns	573	(4)
Water-Related Emergencies	577	(1)
Bites and Stings	578	(5)
Section Four Special Patient Populations	583	(76)
Geriatric Patients	585	(19)
Aging	586	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	587	(4)
Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease	591	(1)
Assessment: General Considerations	592	(2)
Medications and the Elderly	594	(1)
Initial Assessment	595	(1)
Assessment and Emergency Medical Care of Acute Illness	595	(1)
Assessment and Emergency Medical Care of Trauma	596	(1)
Environmental Problems	597	(1)
Geriatric Cases	598	(1)
Suicide	599	(1)
Elder Abuse	599	(5)
Infants and Children	604	(34)
Pediatric Patients	605	(7)
Pathophysiology	612	(2)
Pediatric Basic Life Support	614	(1)
Pediatric Basic Airway and Respiratory Adjuncts	615	(2)
Pediatric Resuscitation	617	(1)
Assessment and Management of Common Pediatric Medical Emergencies	618	(4)
Pediatric Trauma	622	(8)
Other Pediatric Problems	630	(2)
Children with Special Needs	632	(1)
Pain Control in Infants and Children	633	(1)
General Considerations	633	(5)
The Patient with Special Needs	638	(21)
Pathophysiology	640	(8)
Assessment	648	(4)
Management	652	(3)
Family Considerations	655	(1)
EMT-B Considerations	655	(1)
Guidelines for Disability Awareness	656	(3)
Section Five EMS Operations	659	(100)
Lifting and Moving Patients	661	(25)
Time-Dependent Medical Problems	662	(1)
Minimization of Risk	663	(1)
Mechanics of Lifting	664	(1)
General Guidelines for Safe Lifting	664	(1)
Guidelines for Safe Lifting of Cots and Stretchers	665	(1)
Guidelines for Carrying Patients and Equipment	666	(1)
Guidelines for Safe Carrying Procedures on Stairs	666	(2)
Guidelines for Reaching	668	(1)
Guidelines for Pushing and Pulling	668	(1)
Principles for Moving Patients	668	(4)
Equipment for Moving Patients	672	(6)
Equipment Maintenance	678	(1)
Patient Positioning	679	(1)
Transportation Considerations	680	(6)
Communications	686	(15)
Components of an EMS Communication System	687	(4)
Public Access	691	(1)
Emergency Medical Dispatch	692	(1)
General Guidelines for Radio Communication	693	(1)
Communication with Medical Direction or Destination Facility	694	(1)
Communication en Route to the Hospital	695	(1)
In-Person Communication with Facility Staff	696	(1)
Essential Principles of Interpersonal Communication	697	(1)
Communication with Special Patients	697	(1)
Legal Concerns	698	(3)
Documentation	701	(14)
Patient Care Report	702	(9)
Special Situations	711	(4)
Quality Improvement	715	(9)
Quality Assurance	717	(1)
Quality Assessment Methods	718	(1)
Quality Improvement Loop	719	(3)
The Emergency Medical Technician's Role in Quality Assurance	722	(2)
Ambulance Operation	724	(18)
Ambulance	725	(1)
Medical Equipment	726	(4)
Portable Kits	730	(1)
Nonmedical Equipment	731	(1)
Daily Inspections	731	(3)
Dispatch	734	(1)
En Route	734	(2)
Positioning the Unit	736	(2)
Arrival at the Scene	738	(1)
Transferring the Patient to the Ambulance	738	(1)
En Route to the Receiving Facility	739	(1)
At the Receiving Facility	739	(1)
En Route to the Station	739	(1)
Post-run	740	(2)
Interagency Interface	742	(17)
Dispatcher	743	(1)
First Responders	744	(1)
Advanced Life Support Paramedics	744	(1)
Other Levels of Advanced Life Support	745	(1)
Aeromedical Services	745	(6)
Child Protective Services	751	(1)
Elder Abuse Services	752	(1)
Managed Care Organizations	752	(1)
Interacting with Law Enforcement Agencies	752	(2)
Search and Rescue	754	(1)
Conflict Resolution	755	(4)
Section Six Special Topics	759	(66)
Gaining Access	761	(13)
Types of Rescue Operations	762	(2)
Rescue Action Plan	764	(1)
Vehicle Rescue Incidents	765	(9)
Emergency Preparedness	774	(17)
Disaster and Multiple-Casualty Response	776	(6)
Hazardous Materials Response	782	(9)
Diving Emergencies	791	(15)
The Physics of Air	793	(1)
Pressure, Volume, and Density	794	(1)
Barotrauma Injuries Occurring During Descent	794	(1)
Barotrauma Injuries Occurring During Ascent	795	(2)
Pathophysiology	797	(2)
Assessment	799	(2)
Management	801	(5)
Military EMS	806	(19)
Military Echelons of Care	808	(1)
Emergent Care in the Tactical Environment	809	(6)
Weapons of Mass Destruction	815	(5)
Triage	820	(1)
Comparison of Civilian Versus Military Casualty Management	821	(4)
Appendix A: CPR Review	825	(17)
Appendix B: National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) Skill Sheets	842	(20)
Appendix C: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Technical Advisory Panel (TAP) Standards	862	(3)
Answers to Review Questions	865	(6)
Glossary	871	(24)
Illustration Credits	895	(4)
Index	899