Basic Environmental Technology : Water Supply, Waste Management and Pollution Control

by Nathanson, Jerry A.

• ISBN13: 9780130930859
• ISBN10: 0130930857
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This clearly written, easy-to-read book offers a practical introduction to the topics of water supply, waste management, and pollution control. Because of the wide scope of the subject matter, the author has included review sections so that readers with little knowledge of biology, chemistry, geology, or hydraulics can comprehend and use this book, and mathematical topics are introduced at a relatively basic level. An overview of environmental technology introduces the book, and includes a discussion of public health, ecology, geology, and soils. The book then focuses on water and wastewater topics, including hydraulics and hydrology, water quality and water pollution, drinking water treatment and distribution, sewage collection, sewage treatment and disposal, and stormwater water management. Municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, air pollution, and noise pollution are also discussed. For individuals working in the fields of environmental quality control and public health protection, as well as civil engineers, wastewater technicians, and water treatment professionals.

Table of Contents

Basic Concepts	1	(26)
Overview of Environmental Technology	2	(5)
Public Health	7	(3)
Ecology	10	(7)
Geology and Soils	17	(5)
Historical Perspective	22	(2)
Relevant Web Sites	24	(3)
Review Questions	25	(2)
Hydraulics	27	(30)
Pressure	28	(5)
Flow	33	(3)
Flow in Pipes Under Pressure	36	(5)
Gravity Flow in Pipes	41	(8)
Nonuniform Open Channel Flow	49	(3)
Computer Applications in Hydraulics	52	(1)
Relevant Web Sites	52	(5)
Review Questions	53	(1)
Practice Problems	53	(4)
Hydrology	57	(32)
Water Use and Availability	58	(1)
The Hydrologic Cycle	59	(2)
Rainfall	61	(7)
Surface Water	68	(5)
Droughts	73	(2)
Reservoirs	75	(5)
Groundwater	80	(3)
Relevant Web Sites	83	(6)
Review Questions	84	(1)
Practice Problems	85	(4)
Water Quality	89	(34)
Fundamental Concepts in Chemistry	90	(10)
Physical Parameters of Water Quality	100	(2)
Chemical Parameters of Water Quality	102	(7)
Biological Parameters of Water Quality	109	(8)
Water Sampling	117	(2)
Relevant Web Sites	119	(4)
Review Questions	120	(1)
Practice Problems	121	(2)
Water Pollution	123	(24)
Classification of Water Pollutants	124	(1)
Thermal Pollution	125	(1)
Soil Erosion and Sediment Control	126	(2)
Stream Pollution	128	(4)
Lake Pollution	132	(3)
Groundwater Pollution	135	(4)
Ocean Pollution	139	(2)
Water Quality Standards	141	(1)
Clean Water Action Plan	142	(2)
Relevant Web Sites	144	(3)
Review Questions	145	(1)
Practice Problems	146	(1)
Drinking Water Purification	147	(34)
Safe Drinking Water Act	149	(5)
Sedimentation	154	(4)
Coagulation and Flocculation	158	(3)
Filtration	161	(5)
Disinfection	166	(5)
Other Treatment Processes	171	(6)
Relevant Web Sites	177	(4)
Review Questions	177	(2)
Practice Problems	179	(2)
Water Distribution Systems	181	(36)
Design Factors	182	(2)
Water Mains	184	(7)
Centrifugal Pumps	191	(9)
Distribution Storage	200	(4)
Flow in Pipe Networks	204	(8)
Relevant Web Sites	212	(5)
Review Questions	213	(1)
Practice Problems	214	(3)
Sanitary Sewer Systems	217	(34)
Sanitary Sewer Design	218	(12)
Sewage Lift Stations	230	(3)
Sewer Construction	233	(5)
Infiltration and Inflow	238	(4)
Sewer Rehabilitation	242	(4)
GIS Applications	246	(1)
Sanitary Sewer Computer Applications	247	(1)
Relevant Web Sites	247	(4)
Review Questions	249	(1)
Practice Problems	250	(1)
Stormwater Management	251	(32)
Estimating Storm Runoff	252	(8)
Storm Sewer Systems	260	(4)
Best Management Practices	264	(9)
Floodplains	273	(2)
Control of Combined Sewer Overflow	275	(4)
Relevant Web Sites	279	(4)
Review Questions	280	(1)
Practice Problems	281	(2)
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal	283	(52)
Legislation and Standards	284	(3)
Preliminary and Primary Treatment	287	(2)
Secondary (Biological) Treatment	289	(17)
Tertiary (Advanced) Treatment	306	(6)
On-Site Wastewater Disposal	312	(9)
Sludge Management	321	(10)
Relevant Web Sites	331	(4)
Review Questions	332	(1)
Practice Problems	333	(2)
Municipal Solid Waste	335	(38)
Historical Background	336	(1)
Solid Waste Characteristics	337	(2)
Solid Waste Collection	339	(4)
Solid Waste Processing	343	(9)
Recycling	352	(9)
Sanitary Landfills	361	(9)
Relevant Web Sites	370	(3)
Review Questions	371	(1)
Practice Problems	372	(1)
Hazardous Waste Management	373	(34)
Characteristics and Quantities	375	(3)
Transportation of Hazardous Waste	378	(2)
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal	380	(8)
Site Remediation	388	(14)
Hazardous Waste Minimization	402	(2)
Relevant Web Sites	404	(3)
Review Questions	405	(2)
Air Pollution and Control	407	(50)
Historical Background	408	(1)
Atmospheric Factors	408	(5)
Types, Sources, and Effects	413	(6)
Global Air Pollution	419	(7)
Indoor Air Quality	426	(5)
Air Sampling and Measurement	431	(9)
Air Pollution Control	440	(12)
Relevant Web Sites	452	(5)
Review Questions	453	(2)
Practice Problems	455	(2)
Noise Pollution and Control	457	(68)
Basic Physics of Sound	458	(2)
Measurement of Noise	460	(6)
Effects of Noise	466	(1)
Noise Mitigation	467	(5)
Relevant Web Sites	472	(3)
Review Questions	472	(2)
Practice Problems	474	(1)
Appendixes
A Environmental Impact Studies and Audits	475	(8)
B Role of the Technician and the Technologist	483	(6)
C Review of Basic Mathematics, Units, and Unit Conversions	489	(12)
D HydroCAD™ Software for Stormwater Computations	501	(4)
E Glossary and Abbreviations	505	(16)
F Selected References, Software, and Video Resources	521	(2)
G Answers to Practice Problems	523	(12)
H Color Photographs	535
Index	525

Excerpts

Basic Environmental Technologyoffers a pragmatic introduction to the topics of municipal water supply, waste management, and pollution control. The book is designed primarily for use by students in civil/construction technology programs and related disciplines in community colleges and technical institutes. It can also be useful in baccalaureate engineering and technology programs when a practical but elementary course of study is desired, or for independent study by individuals who wish to explore the rudiments of environmental quality control and public health protection. Experienced technicians, engineers, scientists, and others in different disciplines who may become involved in environmental work for the first time will also find this book of value as an initial reference. The qualities that continue to distinguish this book in its fourth edition are its clear, easy-to-read style and its logical and systematic treatment of the subject. Since the field of environmental technology is multidisciplinary and very broad in scope, review or primer sections are included so that readers with little or no experience in biology, chemistry, geology, and hydraulics can comprehend and use the book. Mathematical topics are presented at a relatively basic level; to understand all the numerical examples in the book, some knowledge of algebra and geometry will be useful. Hundreds of example problems, diagrams, and photographs are used throughout to illustrate and clarify important topics. Numerous review questions and practice problems follow each chapter; answers to the practice problems are presented in Appendix G. SI metric as well as U.S. Customary units are used, since students and practitioners in the United States must still be familiar with both systems. A separate Instructor's Manual is available with worked-out solutions for the end-of-chapter practice problems and with supplementary problems that can be used for additional homework assignments or test questions. The first chapter of the book provides an overview of environmental technology, including elements of public health, ecology, geology, and soils. The next nine chapters focus on water and wastewater topics, including hydraulics and hydrology, water quality and water pollution, drinking water treatment and distribution, sewage collection, sewage treatment and disposal, and stormwater management. Municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, air pollution, and noise pollution are covered in Chapters 11 through 14. Finally, appendixes covering environmental impact statements and audits; the employment of technicians; technologists, and engineers; basic mathematics; units and conversions; selected references; an extensive glossary; and a color photo insert (at the back of the book) are included. There is more than ample material in this book for a typical one-semester course. Chapters 1 through 10 should suffice for introductory courses that focus mostly on water and wastewater topics. In courses where air quality, solid and hazardous waste, and noise pollution are also part of the syllabus, the instructor will probably find it necessary to be selective in coverage of topics from the first ten chapters to allow time for discussion and study of the last four chapters. In such circumstances, less time could be spent on the quantitative parts of the text (for example, hydraulics) and more time spent on the descriptive and qualitative aspects of environmental technology. Another option could be to focus in lectures on the first ten chapters for most of the semester, and allow students to select topics of special interest to them from those among the last four chapters for a term paper and/or oral presentation to the whole class. In this way, students get some exposure to those topics as well as practice in communication skills. In this fourth edition, the text has been updated where necessary and some new topics have been added. These topics inc