Basic Pharmacology for Nurses

by Clayton, Bruce D.

• ISBN13: 9780323009768
• ISBN10: 032300976X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

Thoroughly revised and updated, BASIC PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES offers an easy-to-understand, up-to-date introduction to pharmacology. New chapters include Over-the-Counter Drugs, Alternative Therapies, and Nutrition. A new Drug Classification Card helps students learn the functions of different drug classes. Expanded information and new features, such as Discharge Instruction Boxes, Study Questions for Unit One, and Patient Teaching for medication use in the drug monographs, highlight important material and help students focus on key content. Includes free 6-month online access to Mosby's Drug Consult , a comprehensive drug database. Pharmacology Update (e-mail newsletter)

Author Biography

Bruce D. Clayton is Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana.

Table of Contents

PART ONE PRINCIPLES OF BASIC PHARMACOLOGY	1	(1)
Unit 1 Foundations of Pharmacology	2	(47)
Definitions, Names, Standards, and Information Sources	2	(12)
Definitions	2	(1)
Pharmacology	2	(1)
Therapeutic Methods	2	(1)
Drugs	2	(1)
Drug Names (United States)	3	(1)
Chemical Name	3	(1)
Generic Name (Nonproprietary Name)	3	(1)
Official Name	3	(1)
Trademark (Brand Name)	3	(1)
Drug Classifications	3	(1)
Drug Names (Canada)	3	(1)
Official Drug	3	(1)
Proper Name	4	(1)
Sources of Drug Standards (United States)	4	(1)
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 24th Revision, and the National Formulary (NF), 19th Revision	4	(1)
USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names	4	(1)
Sources of Drug Standards (Canada)	4	(1)
Sources of Drug Information (United States)	4	(3)
American Drug Index	4	(1)
American Hospital Formulary Service	5	(1)
Drug Interaction Facts	5	(1)
Drug Facts and Comparisons	5	(1)
Handbook on Injectable Drugs	5	(1)
Handbook of NonPrescription Drugs	5	(1)
Marindale-The Complete Drug Reference	6	(1)
Medical Letter	6	(1)
Package Inserts	6	(1)
Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)	6	(1)
Mosby's GenRx	6	(1)
Nursing Journals	7	(1)
Sources of Drug Information (Canada)	7	(1)
Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities	7	(1)
Nonprescription Drug Reference for Health Professionals	8	(1)
Compendium of Nonprescription Products	8	(1)
Electronic Databases	8	(1)
Sources of Patient Information	8	(1)
United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information	8	(1)
Tyler's Honest Herbal	9	(1)
Drug Legislation (United States)	9	(1)
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, June 25, 1938 (Amended 1952, 1962)	9	(1)
Controlled Substances Act, 1970	9	(1)
Possession of Controlled Substances	10	(1)
Drug Legislation (Canada)	10	(1)
Food and Drugs Act 1927; the Food and Drug Regulations 1953 and 1954, Revised 1979 and Periodic Amendments	10	(1)
Narcotic Control Act (1960-1961) and the Narcotic Control Regulations (Amended 1978)	11	(1)
Nonprescription Drugs	11	(1)
Effectiveness of Drug Legislation	11	(1)
New Drug Development	11	(3)
Preclinical Research and Development Stage	11	(1)
Clinical Research and Development Stage	12	(1)
New Drug Application Review	13	(1)
Postmarketing Surveillance	13	(1)
Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs	13	(1)
Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions	14	(6)
Basic Principles	14	(3)
Absorption	14	(1)
Distribution	15	(1)
Metabolism	16	(1)
Excretion	16	(1)
Half-life	16	(1)
Drug Action	17	(1)
Variable Factors Influencing Drug Action	17	(1)
Age	17	(1)
Body Weight	18	(1)
Metabolic Rate	18	(1)
Illness	18	(1)
Psychologic Aspects	18	(1)
Tolerance	18	(1)
Dependence	18	(1)
Cumulative Effect	18	(1)
Drug Interactions	18	(2)
Drug Action Across the Life Span	20	(3)
Changing Drug Action Across the Life Span	20	(3)
Drug Absorption	21	(1)
Drug Distribution	21	(1)
Drug Metabolism	22	(1)
Drug Excretion	22	(1)
Nursing Implications When Monitoring Drug Therapy	23	(1)
The Nursing Process and Pharmacology	23	(18)
The Nursing Process	23	(9)
Assessment	25	(2)
Nursing Diagnosis	27	(1)
Planning	28	(3)
Nursing Intervention or Implementation	31	(1)
Evaluating and Recording Therapeutic and Expected Outcomes	32	(1)
Relating the Nursing Process to Pharmacology	32	(9)
Assessment	32	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	33	(1)
Planning	33	(1)
Nursing Intervention or Implementation	34	(7)
Evaluating Therapeutic Outcomes	41	(1)
Patient Education and Health Promotion	41	(8)
The Three Domains of Learning	42	(1)
Cognitive Domain	42	(1)
Affective Domain	42	(1)
Psychomotor Domain	42	(1)
Principles of Learning	42	(4)
Focus the Learning	42	(1)
Learning Styles	42	(1)
Organization Fosters Learning	42	(1)
Motivating the Individual to Learn	43	(1)
Readiness to Learn	43	(1)
Spacing the Content	44	(1)
Repetition Enhancing Learning	44	(1)
Education Level	44	(1)
Culture and Ethnic Diversity	44	(1)
Compliance	45	(1)
Patient Education Associated with Medication Therapy	46	(3)
Health Teaching	46	(2)
Communication and Responsibility	48	(1)
Expectations of Therapy	48	(1)
Changes in Expectations	48	(1)
Changes in Therapy Through Cooperative Goal Setting	48	(1)
At Discharge	48	(1)
Unit 2 Illustrated Atlas of Medication Administration and Math Review	49	(108)
A Review of Arithmetic	49	(18)
Roman Numerals	49	(1)
Fractions	50	(4)
Common Fractions	50	(1)
Types of Common Fractions	50	(1)
Working with Fractions	51	(3)
Decimal Fractions	54	(1)
Multiplying Decimals	54	(1)
Dividing Decimals	55	(1)
Changing Decimals to Common Fractions	55	(1)
Changing Common Fractions to Decimal Fractions	55	(1)
Percents	55	(1)
Determining Percent One Number Is of Another	55	(1)
Changing Percents to Fractions	55	(1)
Changing Percents to Decimal Fractions	55	(1)
Changing Common Fractions to Percents	56	(1)
Changing Decimal Fractions to Percents	56	(1)
Points to Remember in Reading Decimals	56	(1)
Ratios	56	(1)
Changing Ratios to Percents	56	(1)
Changing Percents to Ratios	57	(1)
Simplifying Ratios	57	(1)
Proportions	57	(1)
Systems of Weights and Measures	57	(6)
Household Measurements	57	(1)
Apothecary Measurements	58	(1)
Metric System	58	(1)
Conversion of Metric and Apothecary Units	59	(4)
Calculation of Intravenous Fluid and Medication Administration Rates	63	(2)
Intravenous Fluid Orders, Drip Rates, and Pumps	63	(1)
Rounding	63	(1)
Volumetric and Nonvolumetric Pumps	64	(1)
Calculation of Flow Rates	64	(1)
Fahrenheit and Centigrade (Celcius) Temperatures	65	(2)
Formula for Converting Fahrenheit Temperature to Centigrade Temperature	66	(1)
Formula for Converting Centigrade Temperature to Fahrenheit Temperature	66	(1)
Principles of Medication Administration	67	(18)
Legal and Ethical Considerations	67	(1)
Patient Charts	68	(8)
Contents of Patient Charts	68	(5)
Kardex Records	73	(3)
Drug Distribution Systems	76	(4)
Narcotic Control Systems	79	(1)
The Drug Order	80	(1)
Types of Medication Orders	80	(1)
Nurse's Responsibilities	81	(1)
The Six Rights of Drug Administration	81	(4)
Right Drug	82	(1)
Right Time	82	(1)
Right Dose	82	(1)
Right Patient	83	(1)
Right Route	83	(1)
Right Documentation, the Sixth Right	84	(1)
Enteral Administration	85	(14)
Administration of Oral Medications	85	(3)
Administration of Solid-Form Oral Medications	88	(2)
General Principles of Solid-Form Medication Administration	90	(1)
Administration of Liquid-Form Oral Medications	90	(2)
General Principles of Liquid-Form Oral Medication Administration	92	(1)
Administration of Medications by the Nasogastric Tube	92	(2)
Administration of Enteral Feedings	94	(2)
Intermittent Tube Feedings	94	(1)
Continuous Tube Feedings	95	(1)
Administration of Rectal Suppositories	96	(1)
Administration of a Disposable Enema	97	(2)
Parenteral Administration	99	(40)
Equipment Used in Parenteral Administration	99	(7)
Syringes	99	(7)
Parenteral Dose Forms	106	(2)
Ampules	106	(1)
Vials	106	(1)
Mix-O-Vials	107	(1)
Large-Volume Solution Containers	107	(1)
Small-Volume Solution Containers	107	(1)
Preparation of Parenteral Medication	108	(7)
Administration of Medication by the Intradermal Route	115	(3)
Administration of Medication by the Subcutaneous Route	118	(1)
Administration of Medication by the Intramuscular Route	119	(7)
Administration of Medication by the Intravenous Route	126	(13)
Sites	126	(2)
General Principles of Intravenous Medication Administration	128	(1)
Preparing an Intravenous Solution for Infusion	129	(1)
Intravenous Medication Administration	130	(3)
Administration of Medication into an Established Intravenous Line (IV Bolus)	133	(1)
Administration of Medication by a Heparin (Saline) Lock	133	(1)
Adding a Medication to an Intravenous Bag, Bottle, or Volume Control	134	(1)
Adding a Medication with a Piggyback or Secondary Set	134	(1)
Changing to the Next Container of Intravenous Solution	134	(1)
Administering Medication by a Venous Access Device	134	(1)
Central Venous Catheter Care	135	(1)
Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion	135	(1)
Documentation, the Sixth Right	136	(1)
Monitoring Intravenous Therapy	136	(2)
Documentation, the Sixth Right	138	(1)
Percutaneous Administration	139	(18)
Administration of Topical Medications to the Skin	139	(1)
Administration of Creams, Lotions, and Ointments	139	(2)
Patch Testing for Allergens	141	(2)
Administration of Nitroglycerin Ointment	143	(1)
Administration of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems	144	(2)
Administration of Topical Powders	146	(1)
Administration of Medications to Mucous Membranes	146	(11)
Administration of Sublingual and Buccal Tablets	146	(1)
Administration of Eye Drops and Ointment	147	(2)
Administration of Ear Drops	149	(1)
Administration of Nose Drops	150	(1)
Administration of Nasal Spray	151	(1)
Administration of Medications by Inhalation	152	(1)
Administration of Medications by Metered Dose Inhalers	153	(1)
Administration of Vaginal Medications	154	(1)
Administration of a Vaginal Douche	155	(2)
PART TWO APPLICATION OF THE NURSING PROCESS TO PHARMACOLOGY	157	(1)
Unit 3 Drugs Affecting the Autonomic and Central Nervous Systems	158	(106)
Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System	158	(10)
The Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems	159	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System	159	(9)
Drug Class: Adrenergic Agents	159	(4)
Drug Class: Alpha- and Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents	163	(2)
Drug Class: Cholinergic Agents	165	(1)
Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents	166	(2)
Sedative-Hypnotics	168	(9)
Sleep and Sleep Pattern Disturbance	168	(1)
Sedative-Hypnotic Therapy	169	(1)
Drug Therapy for Sleep Disturbance	170	(7)
Drug Class: Barbiturates	170	(3)
Drug Class: Benzodiazepines	173	(2)
Drug Class: Miscellaneous Sedative-Hypnotic Agents	175	(2)
Drugs Used for Parkinson's Disease	177	(15)
Parkinson's Disease	178	(1)
Drug Therapy for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease	179	(13)
Drug Class: Dopamine Agonists	182	(6)
Drug Class: COMT Inhibitor	188	(1)
Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents	189	(1)
Miscellaneous Anti-Parkinson Agents	190	(2)
Drugs Used for Anxiety Disorders	192	(9)
Anxiety Disorders	192	(1)
Drug Therapy for Anxiety Disorders	193	(8)
Drug Class: Benzodiazepines	195	(3)
Drug Class: Azaspirones	198	(1)
Drug Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)	198	(1)
Miscellaneous Antianxiety Agents	198	(3)
Drugs Used for Mood Disorders	201	(16)
Mood Disorders	201	(2)
Treatment of Mood Disorders	203	(1)
Drug Therapy for Mood Disorders	203	(2)
Drug Therapy for Depression	205	(12)
Drug Class: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors	205	(4)
Drug Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)	209	(1)
Drug Class: Tricyclic Antidepressants	210	(1)
Drug Class: Miscellaneous Agents	211	(4)
Drug Class: Antimanic Agents	215	(2)
Drugs Used for Psychosis	217	(9)
Psychosis	218	(1)
Treatment of Psychosis	218	(1)
Drug Therapy for Psychosis	219	(7)
Drug Class: Antipsychotic Agents	224	(2)
Drugs Used for Seizure Disorders	226	(14)
Seizure Disorders	226	(1)
Descriptions of Seizures	227	(1)
Anticonvulsant Therapy	227	(3)
Drug Therapy for Seizure Disorders	230	(10)
Drug Class: Barbiturates	230	(1)
Drug Class: Benzodiazepines	230	(3)
Drug Class: Hydantoins	233	(1)
Drug Class: Succinimides	234	(1)
Miscellaneous Anticonvulsants	234	(6)
Drugs Used for Pain Management	240	(24)
Pain	240	(1)
Treatment of Pain	241	(7)
Drug Therapy for Pain Management	248	(16)
Drug Class: Opiate Agonists	248	(3)
Drug Class: Opiate Partial Agonists	251	(1)
Drug Class: Opiate Antagonists	252	(3)
Drug Class: Salicylates	255	(1)
Drug Class: Nonsteriodal Antiinflammatory Agents	256	(5)
Miscellaneous Analgesics	261	(3)
Unit 4 Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System	264	(95)
Drugs Used to Treat Hyperlipidemias	264	(7)
Atherosclerosis	264	(1)
Treatment of Hyperlipidemias	265	(1)
Drug Therapy for Hyperlipidemias	265	(6)
Drug Class: Bile Acid-Binding Resins	266	(1)
Drug Class: Niacin	267	(1)
Drug Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors	268	(1)
Drug Class: Fibric Acids	269	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension	271	(20)
Hypertension	271	(2)
Treatment of Hypertension	273	(1)
Drug Therapy for Hypertension	273	(18)
Drug Class: Diuretics	277	(1)
Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents	278	(1)
Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors	279	(2)
Drug Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists	281	(1)
Drug Class: Calcium Ion Antagonists	282	(2)
Drug Class: Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents	284	(1)
Drug Class: Central-Acting Alpha-2 Agonists	285	(2)
Drug Class: Peripheral-Acting Adrenergic Antagonists	287	(2)
Drug Class: Direct Vasodilators	289	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure	291	(10)
Heart Failure	292	(1)
Treatment of Heart Failure	292	(1)
Drug Therapy for Heart Failure	292	(9)
Drug Class: Digitalis Glycosides	295	(3)
Drug Class: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors	298	(2)
Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors	300	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Arrhythmias	301	(15)
Arrhythmias	301	(1)
Treatment for Arrhythmias	302	(1)
Drug Therapy for Arrhythmias	302	(14)
Antiarrhythmic Agents	304	(12)
Drugs Used to Treat Angina Pectoris	316	(7)
Angina Pectoris	316	(1)
Treatment of Angina Pectoris	317	(1)
Drug Therapy for Angina Pectoris	317	(6)
Drug Class: Nitrates	318	(3)
Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents	321	(1)
Drug Class: Calcium Ion Antagonists	321	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Peripheral Vascular Disease	323	(9)
Peripheral Vascular Disease	324	(1)
Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease	324	(3)
Drug Therapy for Peripheral Vascular Disease	327	(5)
Drug Class: Hemorrheologic Agents	327	(1)
Drug Class: Vasodilators	328	(2)
Drug Class: Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors	330	(2)
Drugs Used for Diuresis	332	(14)
Diuretic Therapy	332	(3)
Drug Therapy with Diuretics	335	(11)
Drug Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors	335	(1)
Drug Class: Methylxanthines	335	(1)
Drug Class: Loop Diuretics	335	(6)
Drug Class: Thiazide Diuretics	341	(2)
Drug Class: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics	343	(2)
Drug Class: Combination Diuretic Products	345	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Thromboembolic Disorders	346	(13)
Thromboembolic Diseases	346	(1)
Treatment of Thromboembolic Diseases	347	(2)
Drug Therapy for Thromboembolic Diseases	349	(10)
Drug Class: Platelet Inhibitors	349	(3)
Drug Class: Anticoagulants	352	(5)
Drug Class: Fibrinolytic Agents	357	(2)
Unit 5 Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of the Respiratory System	359	(32)
Drugs Used to Treat Upper Respiratory Disease	359	(9)
Upper Respiratory Tract Anatomy and Physiology	359	(1)
Common Upper Respiratory Diseases	360	(2)
Treatment of Upper Respiratory Diseases	362	(1)
Drug Therapy for Upper Airway Disorders	363	(5)
Drug Class: Sympathomimetic Decongestants	363	(1)
Drug Class: Antihistamines	364	(2)
Drug Class: Respiratory Antinflammatory Agents	366	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Lower Respiratory Disease	368	(17)
Lower Respiratory Treat Anatomy and Physiology	369	(1)
Common Lower Respiratory Diseases	370	(2)
Treatment of Lower Respiratory Diseases	372	(6)
Drug Therapy for Lower Respiratory Diseases	378	(7)
Drug Class: Expectorants	378	(2)
Drug Class: Antitussive Agents	380	(1)
Drug Class: Mucolytic Agents	381	(3)
Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Bronchodilating Agents	384	(1)
Drug Class: Xanthine-Derivative Bronchodilating Agents	385	(1)
Respiratory Antiinflammatory Agents	385	(1)
Drug Class: Corticosteroids Used for Obstructive Airway Disease	385	(6)
Drug Class: Antileukotriene Agents	386	(2)
Miscellaneous Antiinflammatory Agents	388	(3)
Unit 6 Drugs Affecting the Digestive System	391	(39)
Drugs Used to Treat Oral Disorders	391	(5)
Mouth Disorders	391	(4)
Drug Therapy for Mouth Disorders	395	(1)
Drug Class: Dentifrices	395	(1)
Drug Class: Mouthwashes	395	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease	396	(14)
Physiology of the Stomach	397	(1)
Common Stomach Disorders	397	(1)
Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease	398	(1)
Drug Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux and Peptic Ulcer Disease	398	(12)
Drug Class: Antacids	399	(3)
Drug Class: Histamine (H2)-Receptor Antagonists	402	(2)
Drug Class: Gastrointestinal Prostaglandin	404	(1)
Drug Class: Gastric Acid Pump Inhibitors	404	(2)
Drug Class: Coating Agent	406	(1)
Drug Class: Prokinetic Agents	406	(2)
Drug Class: Antispasmodic Agents	408	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Nausea and Vomiting	410	(12)
Nausea and Vomiting	410	(1)
Common Causes of Nausea and Vomiting	411	(1)
Drug Therapy for Selected Causes of Nausea and Vomiting	412	(10)
Drug Class: Dopamine Antagonists	415	(1)
Drug Class: Serotonin Antagonists	415	(5)
Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents	420	(1)
Drug Class: Corticosteroids	420	(1)
Drug Class: Benzodiazepines	421	(1)
Drug Class: Cannabinoids	421	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Constipation and Diarrhea	422	(8)
Constipation	423	(1)
Diarrhea	423	(2)
Drug Therapy for Constipation and Diarrhea	425	(5)
Drug Class: Laxatives	425	(1)
Drug Class: Antidarrheal Agents	426	(4)
Unit 7 Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System	430	(43)
Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus	430	(20)
Diabetes Mellitus	430	(2)
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus	432	(5)
Drug Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus	437	(13)
Drug Class: Insulins	437	(5)
Drug Class: Biguanide Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	442	(1)
Drug Class: Sulfonylurea Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	442	(2)
Drug Class: Meglitinide Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	444	(1)
Drug Class: Thiazolidinedione Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	445	(2)
Drug Class: Antihyperglycemic Agents	447	(1)
Drug Class: Antihypoglycemic Agents	448	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Thyroid Disease	450	(8)
Thyroid Gland	450	(1)
Thyroid Diseases	450	(1)
Treatment of Thyroid Disease	451	(2)
Drug Therapy for Thyroid Disease	453	(5)
Drug Class: Thyroid Replacement Hormones	453	(1)
Drug Class: Antithyroid Medicines	454	(4)
Corticosteroids	458	(8)
Corticosteroids	458	(3)
Drug Therapy With Corticosteroids	461	(5)
Drug Class: Mineralocorticoids	461	(2)
Drug Class: Glucocorticoids	463	(3)
Gonadal Hormones	466	(7)
The Gonads and Gonadal Hormones	466	(1)
Drug Therapy With Gonadal Hormones	467	(6)
Drug Class: Estrogens	467	(1)
Drug Class: Progestins	468	(1)
Drug Class: Androgens	468	(5)
Unit 8 Drugs Affecting the Reproductive System	473	(34)
Drugs Used in Obstetrics	473	(19)
Obstetrics	474	(7)
Drug Therapy With Pregnancy	481	(11)
Drug Class: Uterine Stimulants	481	(5)
Drug Class: Uterine Relaxants	486	(2)
Drug Class: Other Agents	488	(3)
Neonatal Ophthalmic Solutions	491	(1)
Drugs Used in Men's and Women's Health	492	(15)
Vaginitis	493	(1)
Drug Therapy for Leukorrhea and Genital Infections	493	(4)
Drug Therapy for Contraception	497	(5)
Drug Class: Oral Contraceptives	497	(5)
Drug Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	502	(2)
Drug Class: Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents	503	(1)
Drug Class: Antiandrogen Agents	503	(1)
Drug Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction	504	(3)
Drug Class: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors	504	(3)
Unit 9 Drugs Affecting Other Body Systems	507	(118)
Drugs Used to Treat Disorders of the Urinary System	507	(10)
Urinary Tract Infections	507	(3)
Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections	510	(7)
Urinary Antimicrobial Agents	510	(1)
Drug Class: Fosfomycin Antibiotics	510	(1)
Drug Class: Quinolone Antibiotics	511	(3)
Bladder-Active Drugs	514	(3)
Drugs Used to Treat Glaucoma and Other Eye Disorders	517	(17)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye	517	(1)
Glaucoma	518	(1)
Drug Therapy for Glaucoma	519	(2)
Drugs Used to Lower Intraocular Pressure	521	(9)
Drug Class: Osmotic Agents	521	(3)
Drug Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors	524	(1)
Drug Class: Cholinergic Agents	525	(1)
Drug Class: Cholinesterase Inhibitors	525	(2)
Drug Class: Adrenergic Agents	527	(1)
Drug Class: Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents	528	(1)
Drug Class: Prostaglandin Agonist	529	(1)
Other Ophthalmic Agents	530	(4)
Drug Class: Anticholinergic Agents	530	(1)
Drug Class: Antifungal Agents	530	(1)
Drug Class: Antiviral Agents	531	(1)
Drug Class: Cortibacterial Agents	532	(1)
Drug Class: Corticosteroids	532	(1)
Ophthalmic Antiinflammatory Agents	532	(1)
Antihistamines	533	(1)
Antiallergic Agents	533	(1)
Sodium Fluorescein	533	(1)
Artifical Tear Solutions	534	(1)
Ophthalmic Irrigants	534	(1)
Drugs Affecting Neoplasms	534	(15)
Cancer and the Use of Antineoplastic Agents	535	(1)
Drug Therapy for Cancer	535	(14)
Drug Class: Alkylating Agents	546	(1)
Drug Class: Antimetabolites	546	(1)
Drug Class: Natural Products	546	(1)
Drug Class: Antineoplastic Antibiotics	546	(2)
Drug Class: Hormones	548	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat the Muscular System	549	(8)
Muscle Relaxants and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents	550	(3)
Drug Therapy of the Muscular System	553	(4)
Drug Class: Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	553	(1)
Drug Class: Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxant	554	(1)
Drug Class: Neuromuscular Blocking Agents	555	(2)
Antimicrobial Agents	557	(42)
Antimicrobial Agents	558	(3)
Drug Therapy for Infectious Disease	561	(37)
Drug Class: Aminoglycosides	561	(3)
Drug Class: Cephalosporins	564	(2)
Drug Class: Macrolides	566	(1)
Drug Class: Penicillins	567	(1)
Drug Class: Quinolones	568	(3)
Drug Class: Streptogramins	571	(1)
Drug Class: Sulfonamides	572	(1)
Drug Class: Tetracyclines	573	(1)
Drug Class: Antitubercular Agents	574	(2)
Drug Class: Miscellaneous Antibiotics	576	(6)
Drug Class: Topical Antifungal Agents	582	(1)
Drug Class: Systemic Antifungal Agents	582	(7)
Drug Class: Antiviral Agents	589	(9)
Drug Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections	598	(1)
Nutrition	599	(14)
Principles of Nutrition	599	(5)
Malnutrition	604	(1)
Therapy for Malnutrition	605	(8)
Herbal Therapy	613	(7)
Herbal Medicine and Rational Therapy	613	(2)
Herbal Therapy	615	(5)
Miscellaneous Agents	620	(5)
Miscellaneous Agents	620	(5)
Appendixes	625	(16)
A Prescription Abbreviations	625	(1)
B Medical Abbreviations	626	(3)
C Nomogram for Calculating the Body Surface Area of Adults and Children	629	(1)
D Commonly Used Laboratory Test and Drug Values	630	(3)
E Recommended Childhood Immunization Schedule United States, January-December 2000	633	(1)
F MedWatch	634	(2)
G Dyskinesia Identification System: Condensed User Scale (DISCUS)	636	(2)
H A Simple Method to Determine Tardive Dyskinesia Symptoms: AIMS Examination Procedure	638	(1)
I Template for Developing a Written Record for Patients to Monitor Their Own Therapy	639	(2)
Bibliography	641	(2)
Index	643