The Basic Problems of Phenomenology

by Edmund, Husserl; Farin, Ingo; Hart, James G.

• ISBN13: 9781402037870
• ISBN10: 1402037872
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781402037894
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-05-31
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub
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Summary

The editor, Iso Kern, of the three volumes on intersubjectivity in Husserliana XIII-XV, observes that in his "Nachlass" Husserl probably refers to no other lecture so often as this one, i.e., "The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (1910-1911)". Husserl regarded this work (along with the 1907 "Five Lectures") as basic for his theory of the phenomenological reduction. He regarded these lectures as equally fundamental for the theory of empathy and intersubjectivity, for his theory of the life-world, and for his planned "great systematic work." It contrasts favorably with several later "introductions" because, although quite brief, it has a larger scope than they do and conveys in a relatively elementary way to the students the sense of fresh new beginnings. Further, with the appendices, it reveals Husserl in a critical dialogue with himself. That the second part of the lectures was never written down, can be accounted for in part, because at that time Husserl was busy writing the 1911 path-breaking essay, which complements these lectures, "Philosophy as a Rigorous Science."

Table of Contents

Translators' Preface	xiii
The Natural Attitude and the ``Natural Concept of the World''	1	(28)
The I in the Natural Attitude	1	(2)
The Lived Body and the Spatial-Temporal Surrounding	3	(1)
The Localization of Lived Experiences in the Lived Body	4	(1)
Empathy and the Other I	5	(1)
The Phenomenon of Space and the Correspondence of the Appearances for Diverse Subjects in their Normal State	6	(2)
Recapitulation of the Preceding Discussions	8	(2)
The Natural Attitude as the Attitude of Experience. The Problem of the Evidence of Judgments from Experience	10	(2)
The Experiential Sciences (Die Erfahrungswissenschaften): Physical Natural Science and Psychology. The Natural Concept of the World	12	(3)
The Empirical or Natural Attitude and the A Priori Attitude. Ontology of Nature and Formal Ontology	15	(7)
The A Priori of Nature, the Natural World-Concept, and the Natural Sciences. Avenarius' ``Critique of Pure Experience''	22	(7)
Basic Consideration: The Phenomenological Reduction as Achieving the Attitude Directed Toward Pure Experience	29	(18)
The Sphere of Knowledge in the Subjective Sense and Empirical and Rational Psychology	29	(2)
The Problem of the Disengagement of the Empirical as well as the Essential Side of Nature. The Joining of the I to the Body	31	(2)
The Severability of the Empirical Connection between ``Res Cogitans'' and ``Res Extensa.''The ``Distinctio Phaenomenologica''	33	(2)
The Ontological Privilege of Experience over the Natural Object. Empirical (Transcendent) Perception and Perception of Pure Lived Experiences	35	(4)
The Phenomenological Attitude: Differentiating the Phenomenological Intuition or Perception of Pure Lived Experience from the Inner Perception of Psychic Experience	39	(2)
Descartes' Fundamental Consideration and the Phenomenological Reduction	41	(1)
Independence of the Phenomenological Judgment from the Natural Judgment	42	(5)
Preliminary Discussion of Some Objections to the Aim of the Phenomenological Reduction	47	(6)
The Objection Concerning Solipsism	47	(1)
The Objection to the Phenomenological Possibility of the Disengagement of the I	48	(1)
Objections to the Absolute Character of the Phenomenologically Given and to the Possibility of a Phenomenological Science and the Phenomenological Founding of Natural Science.	48	(1)
The Absence of Motivation for the Phenomenological Reduction	49	(1)
Preliminary Thoughts for the Discussion of Objections to the Absoluteness of Phenomenological Knowledge	50	(3)
Phenomenology's Move Beyond the Realm of the Absolute Given	53	(14)
The Problem of the Absolute Character of Phenomenological Givenness	53	(1)
The Absolute Givenness of the Phenomenologically Perceived. The Meaninglessness of a Disengagement within the Phenomenological Perception	54	(1)
The Implied Retention in the Phenomenological Perception as ``Transcendence'' within the Phenomenological Attitude	55	(1)
Phenomenological Recollection and its Possibility of Deception. Transformation of Empirical Memory into Phenomenological Memory	56	(2)
The Possibility of the Phenomenological, but not Absolute, Appropriation of the Entire Region of the Empirical. On Expectation	58	(1)
The Phenomenological Experience. Its ``Transcendence in Immanence'' and the Possibility of Deception. Empathy and Experience of Oneself	59	(2)
Going Beyond the Realm of Absolute Givenness as a Necessary Condition for the Possibility of a Phenomenological Science	61	(2)
Immanence and Transcendence. The Polysemous Nature of these Terms and the Sense of Immanence and Transcendence in the Field of Phenomenology	63	(4)
The Phenomenological Uncovering of the Whole, Unified, Connected Stream of Consciousness	67	(4)
The Background of the Phenomenological Object and the Identity of the Phenomenological Object in Diverse Acts of Consciousness. The Phenomenological Consciousness of Time	67	(2)
Recapitulation and New Presentation: The Phenomenological Reduction to Pure Consciousness as an Individual Being and the Problems of the Scope of the Reduced World of Consciousness and the Possibility of Phenomenological Science	69	(2)
The Extension of the Phenomenological Experience over the Entire Unified Stream of Consciousness	71	(2)
The Overcoming of an Artificial Limitation. The Uncovering of the Phenomenological Stream of Consciousness, taking as a Starting Point the Natural Reflection on the Stream of Consciousness and the Doubled Phenomenological Reduction	73	(1)
The Transcendent Unities of Natural Experience as Indices of Actual and Possible Pure Contexts of Consciousness. The Transposition (Umwendung) of All Natural Experience and All Sciences into the Phenomenological Experience	74	(5)
The Uncovering of the Phenomenological Multiplicity of Monads	79	(8)
The Intersubjective Context of Consciousness. The Question Whether the Phenomenological Reduction Means a Restriction to Individual Consciousness	79	(1)
The Principle of the Construction of a Unified Stream of Consciousness	79	(3)
Empathy. The Contrast of Empathy With Analogizing Pictorial Consciousness	82	(2)
The Uncovering of Other Phenomenological I's Through a Doubled Phenomenological Reduction. Nature as an Index of the Coordination of a Plurality of I-Monads	84	(3)
Concluding Considerations on the Significance of Phenomenological Knowledge	87	(92)
The Abstention from Any Judgment about the Existence of Nature in the Phenomenological Reduction	87	(1)
The Problem of the Possibility of Phenomenological Science as a Science of Essence and Science of Fact	88	(1)
The Equivalence of the Knowledge of Nature to the Knowledge of the Correlative Connections of Consciousness. The Application of A Priori Knowledge of Consciousness to the Phenomenological Connections of Empirical Knowledge of Nature. On Psycho-Physics	89	(2)
Appendices
Preparatory Notes for the Course of Lectures (1910-1911): Pure Psychology and the Humanities (Geisteswissenschaften), History and Sociology. Pure Psychology and Phenomenology --- The Intersubjective Reduction as Reduction to the Psychologically Pure Intersubjectivity (beginning of October, 1910)	91	(14)
The Plan of the 1910-1911 Lectures (on Intersubjectivity) (Written Down in One of the Years Following Shortly Thereafter)	105	(2)
Immanent Philosophy --- Avenarius (probably from 1915)	107	(6)
The Relations Between Phenomenological and Positive (Ontic and Ontological) Truths. The Synthetic Unity of Positive and Phenomenological Themes. Dogmatically and Transcendentally Elucidated Positivity. Reworking of the Footnote on p. 44 of the Lecture Course on The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (1910-1911) (from 1924 or somewhat later)	113	(16)
The Primacy of the Problem of the Unity of Phenomenological Experience vis-a-vis the Critique of Phenomenological Experience. Self-Critical Reflections Concerning the Key Ideas of the Fourth and Fifth Chapters of the Lecture Course ``The Basic Problems of Phenomenology'' (1910-1911) (probably from 1924)	129	(4)
The Intersubjectivity of the Body of Knowledge We Call Natural Science (1910	133	(8)
Memory, Stream of Consciousness, and Empathy. Self-Reflections on the Main Ideas of the Fifth and Sixth Chapters of the Lecture Course, ``The Basic Problems of Phenomenology'' (Winter Semester, 1910-1911) (Written Down at the Time of the Lectures, November or December, 1910)	141	(8)
Empathy as Apperception and Appresentation. Empty Intention, Intuitive Illustration, and Fulfillment in Empathy. Supplements from the Summer Semester 1921 to the Appendix VI (XXVI), ``Memory, Stream of Consciousness, and Empathy'' (November or December, 1910) for the Lecture Course, ``The Basic Problems of Phenomenology (1910-1911)''...	149	(4)
The Identification of the Time of One's Own Consciousness with that of the Other Consciousness. The Other I's in the Phenomenological Reduction. Nature as Index for Empathized Systems of Experience and as Condition for the Mirroring of Monads. (Reworking of the Text at pp. 85-86 of the Lecture Course ``The Basic Problems of Phenomenology'' from (1910-1911) (probably from 1921)	153	(4)
The Mediation of Minds through Lived Embodiment (probably from 1912)	157	(2)
Considerations about the Ideas of the Phenomenological Reduction, as well as the Autonomy and the Connection of Monads in the Lecture Course ``The Basic Problems of Phenomenology'' (1910-1911) (probably from 1921)	159	(6)
Reflection on the Relation Between the Second, Psychological, and the Third, Humanities-Based, Path to Pure Consciousness. The Understanding of the Motivation of the Mind and the Contexts of Motivation of Individual Minds (around 1910)	165	(12)
Empathy of the Other Consciousness and Divine All-Consciousness (1908)	177	(2)
Index	179