Basic Statistics for Business and Economics with Student CD-ROM

by Lind, Douglas A.; Marchal, William G.; Wathen, Samuel Adam

• ISBN13: 9780073121659
• ISBN10: 0073121657
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-18
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Summary

The Fifth Edition of Basic Statistics for Business and Economics is a shorter version of Lind/Marchal/Wathen's Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics, 12e. The authors of this text continue to provide a student-oriented approach to business statistics. In this book you will find step-by-step solved examples, realistic exercises, and up-to-date technology and illustrations. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

What Is Statistics?	1	(22)
Introduction	2	(1)
Why Study Statistics?	2	(2)
What Is Meant by Statistics?	4	(2)
Types of Statistics	6	(3)
Descriptive Statistics	6	(1)
Inferential Statistics	7	(2)
Types of Variables	9	(1)
Levels of Measurement	9	(5)
Nominal-Level Data	10	(1)
Ordinal-Level Data	11	(1)
Interval-Level Data	12	(1)
Ratio-Level Data	12	(2)
Exercises	14	(1)
Statistics, Graphics, and Ethics	15	(3)
Misleading Statistics	15	(1)
Association Does Not Necessarily Imply Causation	15	(1)
Graphs Can Be Misleading	16	(1)
Become a Better Consumer and a Better Producer of Information	17	(1)
Ethics	17	(1)
Software Applications	18	(1)
Chapter Outline	19	(1)
Chapter Exercises	19	(1)
exercises.com	20	(1)
Dataset Exercises	21	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	22	(1)
Describing Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation	23	(34)
Introduction	24	(1)
Constructing a Frequency Distribution	25	(4)
Class Intervals and Class Midpoints	29	(1)
A Software Example	29	(1)
Relative Frequency Distribution	30	(1)
Exercises	31	(1)
Graphic Presentation of a Frequency Distribution	32	(5)
Histogram	32	(2)
Frequency Polygon	34	(3)
Exercises	37	(4)
Cumulative Frequency Distributions	38	(3)
Exercises	41	(1)
Other Graphic Presentations of Data	42	(4)
Line Graphs	42	(1)
Bar Charts	43	(1)
Pie Charts	44	(2)
Exercises	46	(1)
Chapter Outline	47	(1)
Chapter Exercises	48	(5)
exercises.com	53	(1)
Dataset Exercises	53	(1)
Software Commands	54	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	56	(1)
Describing Data: Numerical Measures	57	(36)
Introduction	58	(1)
The Population Mean	59	(1)
The Sample Mean	60	(1)
Properties of the Arithmetic Mean	61	(1)
Exercises	62	(1)
The Weighted Mean	63	(1)
Exercises	64	(1)
The Median	64	(1)
The Mode	65	(2)
Exercises	67	(1)
Software Solution	68	(1)
The Relative Positions of the Mean, Median, and Mode	68	(2)
Exercises	70	(1)
The Geometric Mean	71	(1)
Exercises	72	(1)
Why Study Dispersion?	73	(1)
Measures of Dispersion	74	(2)
Range	74	(1)
Mean Deviation	75	(1)
Exercises	76	(3)
Variance and Standard Deviation	77	(2)
Exercises	79	(1)
Software Solution	80	(1)
Exercises	81	(1)
Interpretation and Uses of the Standard Deviation	82	(2)
Chebyshev's Theorem	82	(1)
The Empirical Rule	83	(1)
Exercises	84	(1)
Chapter Outline	84	(2)
Pronunciation Key	86	(1)
Chapter Exercises	86	(3)
exercises.com	89	(1)
Dataset Exercises	90	(1)
Software Commands	90	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	92	(1)
Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data	93	(27)
Introduction	94	(1)
Dot Plots	94	(2)
Exercises	96	(1)
Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles	97	(3)
Exercises	100	(1)
Box Plots	100	(2)
Exercises	102	(1)
Skewness	103	(4)
Exercises	107	(1)
Describing the Relationship between Two Variables	107	(3)
Exercises	110	(2)
Chapter Outline	112	(1)
Pronunciation Key	112	(1)
Chapter Exercises	112	(4)
exercises.com	116	(1)
Dataset Exercises	116	(1)
Software Commands	117	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	119	(1)
A Survey of Probability Concepts	120	(36)
Introduction	121	(1)
What Is a Probability?	122	(2)
Approaches to Assigning Probabilities	124	(3)
Classical Probability	124	(1)
Empirical Probability	125	(1)
Subjective Probability	126	(1)
Exercises	127	(1)
Some Rules for Computing Probabilities	128	(5)
Rules of Addition	128	(5)
Exercises	133	(4)
Rules of Multiplication	134	(3)
Contingency Tables	137	(2)
Tree Diagrams	139	(2)
Exercises	141	(1)
Principles of Counting	142	(4)
The Multiplication Formula	142	(1)
The Permutation Formula	143	(2)
The Combination Formula	145	(1)
Exercises	146	(1)
Chapter Outline	147	(1)
Pronunciation Key	148	(1)
Chapter Exercises	148	(4)
exercises.com	152	(1)
Dataset Exercises	152	(1)
Software Commands	153	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	154	(2)
Discrete Probability Distributions	156	(29)
Introduction	157	(1)
What Is a Probability Distribution?	157	(2)
Random Variables	159	(1)
Discrete Random Variable	159	(1)
Continuous Random Variable	160	(1)
The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution	160	(3)
Mean	160	(1)
Variance and Standard Distribution'	161	(2)
Exercises	163	(1)
Binomial Probability Distribution	164	(6)
How Is a Binomial Probability Distribution Computed	165	(2)
Binomial Probability Tables	167	(3)
Exercises	170	(3)
Cumulative Binomial Probability Distributions	172	(1)
Exercises	173	(1)
Poisson Probability Distribution	174	(3)
Exercises	177	(1)
Chapter Outline	177	(1)
Chapter Exercises	178	(4)
Dataset Exercises	182	(1)
Software Commands	182	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	184	(1)
Continuous Probability Distributions	185	(26)
Introduction	186	(1)
The Family of Uniform Distributions	186	(3)
Exercises	189	(1)
The Family of Normal Probability Distributions	190	(3)
The Standard Normal Distribution	193	(3)
The Empirical Rule	195	(1)
Exercises	196	(3)
Finding Areas under the Normal Curve	197	(2)
Exercises	199	(3)
Exercises	202	(2)
Exercises	204	(1)
Chapter Outline	204	(1)
Chapter Exercises	205	(3)
Dataset Exercises	208	(1)
Software Commands	209	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	210	(1)
Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem	211	(34)
Introduction	212	(1)
Sampling Methods	212	(6)
Reasons to Sample	212	(1)
Simple Random Sampling	213	(3)
Systematic Random Sampling	216	(1)
Stratified Random Sampling	216	(1)
Cluster Sampling	217	(1)
Exercises	218	(4)
Sampling ``Error''	220	(2)
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean	222	(3)
Exercises	225	(1)
The Central Limit Theorem	226	(6)
Exercises	232	(1)
Using the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean	233	(4)
Exercises	237	(1)
Chapter Outline	237	(1)
Pronunciation Key	238	(1)
Chapter Exercises	238	(4)
exercises.com	242	(1)
Dataset Exercises	243	(1)
Software Commands	243	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	244	(1)
Estimation and Confidence Intervals	245	(31)
Introduction	246	(1)
Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals	246	(7)
Known σ or a Large Sample	246	(5)
A Computer Simulation	251	(2)
Exercises	253	(7)
Unknown Population Standard Deviation and a Small Sample	254	(6)
Exercises	260	(1)
A Confidence Interval for a Proportion	260	(3)
Exercises	263	(1)
Finite-Population Correction Factor	263	(1)
Exercises	264	(1)
Choosing an Appropriate Sample Size	265	(2)
Exercises	267	(1)
Chapter Outline	268	(1)
Pronunciation Key	269	(1)
Chapter Exercises	269	(3)
exercises.com	272	(1)
Dataset Exercises	273	(1)
Software Commands	273	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	275	(1)
One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis	276	(36)
Introduction	277	(1)
What Is a Hypothesis?	277	(1)
What Is Hypothesis Testing?	278	(1)
Five-Step Procedure for Testing a Hypothesis	278	(5)
Step 1: State the Null Hypothesis (Ho) and the Alternate Hypothesis (H1)	278	(1)
Step 2: Select a Level of Significance	279	(1)
Step 3: Select the Test Statistic	279	(2)
Step 4: Formulate the Decision Rule	281	(1)
Step 5: Make a Decision	282	(1)
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests of Significance	283	(1)
Testing for a Population Mean with a Known Population Standard Deviation	284	(4)
A Two-Tailed Test	284	(4)
A One-Tailed Test	288	(1)
p-Value in Hypothesis Testing	288	(2)
Testing for a Population Mean: Large Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown	290	(1)
Exercises	291	(1)
Tests Concerning Proportions	292	(3)
Exercises	295	(1)
Testing for a Population Mean: Small Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown	295	(5)
Exercises	300	(3)
A Software Solution	301	(2)
Exercises	303	(1)
Chapter Outline	304	(1)
Pronunciation Key	305	(1)
Chapter Exercises	305	(4)
exercises.com	309	(1)
Dataset Exercises	309	(1)
Software Commands	310	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	311	(1)
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis	312	(32)
Introduction	313	(1)
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples	313	(5)
Exercises	318	(1)
Two-Sample Tests about Proportions	319	(2)
Exercises	321	(2)
Comparing Population Means with Small Samples	323	(3)
Exercises	326	(1)
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples	327	(4)
Comparing Dependent and Independent Samples	331	(2)
Exercises	333	(1)
Chapter Outline	334	(1)
Pronunciation Key	335	(1)
Chapter Exercises	335	(5)
exercises.com	340	(1)
Dataset Exercises	341	(1)
Software Commands	341	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	342	(2)
Analysis of Variance	344	(30)
Introduction	345	(1)
The F Distribution	345	(1)
Comparing Two Population Variances	346	(3)
Exercises	349	(1)
Anova Assumptions	350	(2)
The Anova Test	352	(7)
Exercises	359	(1)
Inferences about Pairs of Treatment Means	360	(2)
Exercises	362	(2)
Chapter Outline	364	(1)
Pronunciation Key	365	(1)
Chapter Exercises	365	(5)
exercises.com	370	(1)
Dataset Exercises	370	(1)
Software Commands	371	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	373	(1)
Linear Regression and Correlation	374	(47)
Introduction	375	(1)
What Is Correlation Analysis?	375	(2)
The Coefficient of Correlation	377	(4)
The Coefficient of Determination	381	(1)
Correlation and Cause	382	(1)
Exercises	382	(2)
Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient	384	(2)
Exercises	386	(1)
Regression Analysis	386	(4)
Least Squares Principle	386	(3)
Drawing the Line of Regression	389	(1)
Exercises	390	(2)
The Standard Error of Estimate	392	(3)
Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression	395	(1)
Exercises	396	(1)
Confidence and Prediction Intervals	396	(4)
Exercises	400	(1)
More on the Coefficient of Determination	400	(3)
Exercises	403	(1)
The Relationships among the Coefficient of Correlation, the Coefficient of Determination, and the Standard Error of Estimate	403	(2)
Transforming Data	405	(2)
Exercises	407	(1)
Chapter Outline	408	(2)
Pronunciation Key	410	(1)
Chapter Exercises	410	(7)
exercises.com	417	(1)
Dataset Exercises	417	(1)
Software Commands	418	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	420	(1)
Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis	421	(43)
Introduction	422	(1)
Multiple Regression Analysis	422	(1)
Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression	423	(3)
Exercises	426	(2)
Multiple Standard Error of Estimate	428	(1)
Assumptions about Multiple Regression and Correlation	429	(1)
The Anova Table	430	(2)
Exercises	432	(1)
Evaluating the Regression Equation	432	(9)
Using a Scatter Diagram	432	(1)
Correlation Matrix	433	(1)
Global Test: Testing the Multiple Regression Model	434	(2)
Evaluating Individual Regression Coefficients	436	(3)
Qualitative Independent Variables	439	(2)
Exercises	441	(1)
Analysis of Residuals	442	(5)
Chapter Outline	447	(1)
Pronunciation Key	448	(1)
Chapter Exercises	448	(11)
exercises.com	459	(1)
Dataset Exercises	460	(1)
Software Commands	461	(2)
Answers to Self-Review	463	(1)
Chi-Square Applications	464	(61)
Introduction	464	(1)
Goodness-of-Fit Test: Equal Expected Frequencies	465	(5)
Exercises	470	(1)
Goodness-of-Fit Test: Unequal Expected Frequencies	471	(2)
Limitations of Chi-Square	473	(2)
Exercises	475	(271)
Contingency Table Analysis	746
Exercises	450	(31)
Chapter Outline	481	(1)
Pronunciation Key	481	(1)
Chapter Exercises	482	(2)
exercises.com	484	(1)
Dataset Exercises	485	(1)
Software Commands	486	(1)
Answers to Self-Review	487	(2)
Appendixes
Appendixes A--I Tables
Binomial Probability Distribution	489	(5)
Critical Values of Chi-Square	494	(1)
Poisson Distribution	495	(1)
Areas under the Normal Curve	496	(1)
Table of Random Numbers	497	(1)
Student's t Distribution	498	(1)
Critical Values of the F Distribution	499	(2)
Wilcoxon T Values	501	(1)
Factors for Control Charts	502	(1)
Appendixes J--N Datasets
Real Estate	503	(3)
Major League Baseball	506	(2)
Wages and Wage Eamers	508	(4)
CIA International Economic and Demographic Data	512	(3)
Whitner Autoplex	515	(1)
Appendix O Getting Started with Megastat	516	(4)
Appendix P Visual Statistics	520	(5)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises	525	(27)
Photo Credits	552	(1)
Index	553