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Preface | p. XV |
Introduction | p. 1 |
What Do You Mean, "Statistics"? | p. 2 |
Clue to the future | p. 4 |
What's in It for Me? | p. 4 |
Some Terminology | p. 5 |
Problems and Answers | p. 8 |
Scales of Measurement | p. 9 |
Statistics and Experimental Design | p. 12 |
Experimental Design Variables | p. 13 |
Statistics and Philosophy | p. 15 |
Statistics: Then and Now | p. 16 |
Helpful Features of This Book | p. 16 |
Concluding Thoughts for This Introductory Chapter | p. 19 |
Additional Help for Chapter 1 | p. 21 |
Key Terms | p. 21 |
Transition passage to descriptive statistics | p. 23 |
Frequency Distributions and Graphs | p. 24 |
Simple Frequency Distributions | p. 26 |
Error detection | p. 27 |
Grouped Frequency Distributions | p. 28 |
Graphs of Frequency Distributions | p. 30 |
Describing Distributions | p. 34 |
The Line Graph | p. 36 |
More on Graphics | p. 36 |
A Moment to Reflect | p. 37 |
Additional Help for Chapter 2 | p. 38 |
Key Terms | p. 39 |
Central Tendency and Variability | p. 40 |
Measures of Central Tendency | p. 41 |
Finding Central Tendency of Simple Frequency Distributions | p. 44 |
Error detection | p. 46 |
Error detection | p. 47 |
When to Use the Mean, Median, and Mode | p. 47 |
Determining Skewness from the Mean and Median | p. 49 |
The Weighted Mean | p. 50 |
Variability | p. 52 |
The Range | p. 53 |
Interquartile Range | p. 54 |
The Standard Deviation | p. 55 |
The Standard Deviation as a Descriptive Index of Variabiiity | p. 56 |
Error detection | p. 57 |
Error detection | p. 59 |
Error detection | p. 61 |
S as an Estimate of [sigma] | p. 61 |
Error detection | p. 64 |
Clue to the future | p. 65 |
The Variance | p. 65 |
Clue to the future | p. 55 |
Estimating Answers | p. 66 |
Additional Help for Chapter 3 | p. 68 |
Key Terms | p. 68 |
Other Descriptive Statistics | p. 69 |
Using z Scores to Describe Individuals | p. 70 |
Clue to the future | p. 72 |
Boxplots | p. 73 |
Error detection | p. 75 |
Effect Size Index | p. 76 |
The Descriptive Statistics Report | p. 79 |
Additional Help for Chapter 4 | p. 82 |
Key Terms | p. 82 |
Transition passage to bivariate distributions | p. 83 |
Correlation and Regression | p. 84 |
Bivariate Distributions | p. 86 |
Positive Correlation | p. 87 |
Negative Correlation | p. 89 |
Zero Correlation | p. 91 |
Clue to the future | p. 91 |
The Correlation Coefficient | p. 92 |
Error detection | p. 93 |
Clue to the future | p. 96 |
Error detection | p. 96 |
Scatterplots | p. 97 |
Interpretations of r | p. 98 |
Uses of r | p. 100 |
Strong Relationships but Low Correlations | p. 103 |
Error detection | p. 106 |
Other Kinds of Correlation Coefficients | p. 106 |
Linear Regression | p. 107 |
Making Predictions from a Linear Equation | p. 107 |
The Regression Equation-A Line of Best Fit | p. 108 |
Error detection | p. 112 |
Additional Help for Chapter 5 | p. 116 |
Key Terms | p. 116 |
What Would You Recommend? Chapters 1-5 | p. 116 |
Transition passage to inferential statistics | p. 118 |
Theoretical Distributions Including the Normal Distribution | p. 119 |
Probability | p. 120 |
A Rectangular Distribution | p. 121 |
Clue to the future | p. 122 |
A Binomial Distribution | p. 122 |
Comparison of Theoretical and Empirical Distributions | p. 124 |
The Normal Distribution | p. 125 |
Error detection | p. 132 |
Clue to the future | p. 138 |
Comparison of Theoretical and Empirical Answers | p. 138 |
Other Theoretical Distributions | p. 139 |
Additional Help for Chapter 6 | p. 140 |
Key Terms | p. 140 |
Samples, Sampling Distributions, and Confidence Intervals | p. 141 |
Random Samples | p. 143 |
Biased Samples | p. 146 |
Research Samples | p. 146 |
Sampling Distributions | p. 147 |
Clue to the future | p. 148 |
The Sampling Distribution of the Mean | p. 148 |
Central Limit Theorem | p. 149 |
Constructing a Sampling Distribution When [sigma] Is Not Available | p. 155 |
The t Distribution | p. 156 |
Confidence Interval about a Sample Mean | p. 159 |
Clue to the future | p. 159 |
Error detection | p. 160 |
Categories of Inferential Statistics | p. 163 |
Additional Help for Chapter 7 | p. 164 |
Key Terms | p. 165 |
Transition passage to hypothesis testing | p. 166 |
Hypothesis Testing and Effect Size: One-Sample Designs | p. 167 |
The Logic of Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing (NHST) | p. 168 |
Clue to the future | p. 171 |
Using the t Distribution for Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing | p. 172 |
A Problem and the Accepted Solution | p. 174 |
The One-Sample t Test | p. 176 |
An Analysis of Possible Mistakes | p. 178 |
The Meaning of p in p < .05 | p. 180 |
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests | p. 181 |
Effect Size Index | p. 184 |
Other Sampling Distributions | p. 185 |
Using the t Distribution to Test the Significance of a Correlation Coefficient | p. 186 |
Clue to the future | p. 186 |
Why .05? | p. 188 |
Additional Help for Chapter 8 | p. 190 |
Key Terms | p. 190 |
Hypothesis Testing, Effect Size, and Confidence Intervals: Two-Sample Designs | p. 191 |
A Short Lesson on How to Design an Experiment | p. 192 |
NHST: The Two-Sample Example | p. 194 |
Degrees of Freedom | p. 196 |
Paired-Samples Designs and Independent-Samples Designs | p. 197 |
Clue to the future | p. 197 |
The t Test for Independent-Samples Designs | p. 200 |
Clue to the future | p. 203 |
The t Test for Paired-Samples Designs | p. 205 |
Error detection | p. 208 |
Significant Results and Important Results | p. 210 |
Effect Size Index | p. 211 |
Establishing a Confidence Interval about a Mean Difference | p. 213 |
Error detection | p. 214 |
Reaching Correct Conclusions | p. 215 |
Statistical Power | p. 217 |
Additional Help for Chapter 9 | p. 220 |
Key Terms | p. 220 |
What Would You Recommend? Chapters 6-9 | p. 221 |
Transition passage to more complex designs | p. 222 |
Analysis of Variance: One-Way Classification | p. 223 |
Rationale of ANOVA | p. 225 |
More New Terms | p. 232 |
Clue to the future | p. 232 |
Sums of Squares | p. 232 |
Error detection | p. 236 |
Mean Squares and Degrees of Freedom | p. 237 |
Error detection | p. 238 |
Calculation and Interpretation of F Values Using the F Distribution | p. 238 |
Schedules of Reinforcement-A Lesson in Persistence | p. 240 |
Comparisons among Means | p. 242 |
Assumptions of the Analysis of Variance | p. 245 |
Effect Size Index | p. 246 |
Additional Help for Chapter 10 | p. 249 |
Key Terms | p. 249 |
Analysis of Variance: One-Factor Repeated Measures | p. 250 |
A Data Set | p. 251 |
One-Factor Repeated-Measures ANOVA: The Rationale | p. 252 |
An Example Problem | p. 252 |
Tukey HSD Tests | p. 256 |
Type I and Type II Errors | p. 257 |
Some Behind-the-Scenes Information about Repeated-Measures ANOVA | p. 258 |
Additional Help for Chapter 11 | p. 261 |
Key Terms | p. 261 |
Analysis of Variance: Factorial Design | p. 262 |
Factorial Design | p. 263 |
Main Effects and Interaction | p. 267 |
Clue to the future | p. 272 |
A Simple Example of a Factorial Design | p. 273 |
Error detection | p. 277 |
Error detection | p. 279 |
Error detection | p. 281 |
Analysis of a 2 X 3 Design | p. 282 |
Comparing Levels within a Factor-Tukey HSD Tests | p. 289 |
Effect Size Indexes for Factorial ANOVA | p. 290 |
Restrictions and Limitations | p. 291 |
Additional Help for Chapter 12 | p. 292 |
Key Terms | p. 292 |
Transition passage to nonparametric statistics | p. 293 |
CHI Square Tests | p. 294 |
Error detection | p. 295 |
The Chi Square Distribution and the Chi Square Test | p. 296 |
Chi Square as a Test of Independence | p. 297 |
Error detection | p. 299 |
Shortcut for Any 2 X 2 Table | p. 300 |
Effect Size Index for 2 X 2 Chi Square Data | p. 301 |
Chi Square as a Test for Goodness of Fit | p. 303 |
Chi Square with More Than One Degree of Freedom | p. 306 |
Small Expected Frequencies | p. 310 |
When You May Use Chi Square | p. 313 |
Error detection | p. 313 |
Additional Help for Chapter 13 | p. 316 |
Key Terms | p. 316 |
More Nonparametric Tests | p. 317 |
The Rationale of Nonparametric Tests | p. 318 |
Comparison of Nonparametric to Parametric Tests | p. 319 |
Clue to the future | p. 320 |
The Mann-Whitney U Test | p. 321 |
Error detection | p. 322 |
Error detection | p. 323 |
Error detection | p. 324 |
The Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks T Test | p. 327 |
The Wilcoxon-Wilcox Multiple-Comparisons Test | p. 333 |
Correlation of Ranked Data | p. 336 |
Error detection | p. 338 |
My Final Word | p. 339 |
Additional Help for Chapter 14 | p. 341 |
Key Terms | p. 342 |
What Would You Recommend? Chapters 10-14 | p. 342 |
Choosing Tests and Writing Interpretations | p. 344 |
A Review | p. 344 |
Future Steps | p. 345 |
Choosing Tests and Writing Interpretations | p. 346 |
Additional Help for Chapter 15 | p. 356 |
Key Terms | p. 356 |
Appendixes | |
Arithmetic and Algebra Review | p. 359 |
Grouped Frequency Distributions and Central Tendency | p. 373 |
Tables | p. 378 |
Glossary of Words | p. 399 |
Glossary of Symbols | p. 403 |
Glossary of Formulas | p. 405 |
Answers to Problems | p. 412 |
References | p. 465 |
Index | p. 471 |
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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.