Basic Teachings of the Great Philosophers

by FROST, S.E.

• ISBN13: 9780385030076
• ISBN10: 038503007X
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1962-09-01
• Publisher: Anchor

Summary

A complete summary of the views of the most important philosophers in Western civilization. Each major field of philosophic inquiry comprises a separate chapter for greater accessibility. Includes Plato, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, Dewey, Sartre, and many others.

Author Biography

S. E. Frost, Jr. taught in the Department of Education, Brooklyn College, City University of New York. He received a Ph.D. from Columbia University and a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Yale University. He spent many years in the study and teaching of the history and philosophy of education and is the author of a number of books on philosophy, religion, and education. He died in 1978.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
The Nature of the Universe	p. 5
The Views of the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 6
Plato's Theory of the Universe	p. 10
Aristotle's Conception of the Universe	p. 12
The Views of the Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics	p. 16
The Universe According to the Greco-Religious Thinkers	p. 18
The Position of the Early Christian Thinkers	p. 19
The Positions of the Medieval Christian Thinkers	p. 20
The Views of the Forerunners of the Renaissance	p. 27
The Universe According to the Philosophers of the Renaissance	p. 29
Descartes' Conception of the Universe	p. 31
Spinoza's Theory of the Universe	p. 33
The Positions of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume	p. 35
Leibnitz' Theory of the Universe	p. 39
Kant's Conception of the Universe	p. 40
Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel	p. 41
The Views of the Later German Philosophers	p. 44
The Positions of John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer	p. 47
Josiah Royce, William James, and John Dewey	p. 49
The Views of Henri Bergson and George Santayana	p. 51
Man's Place in the Universe	p. 53
Man's Importance According to the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 54
The Positions of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 56
The Views of the Later Greek Thinkers	p. 58
Man's Importance According to the Early Christian Thinkers	p. 58
The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers	p. 59
As Seen by the Forerunners of the Renaissance	p. 62
The Positions of Bacon and Hobbes	p. 63
The Views of Descartes and Spinoza	p. 64
Man's Place as Seen by Locke, Berkeley, and Hume	p. 65
The Views of Leibnitz	p. 67
The Position of Rousseau	p. 68
Kant's View of Man's Importance	p. 68
Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, and Hegel	p. 69
The Views of Later German Thinkers	p. 72
Man's Place According to Comte	p. 74
The Positions of Mill and Spencer	p. 75
The Views of James, Dewey, and Russell	p. 77
What Is Good and What Is Evil?	p. 80
Good and Evil According to the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 81
The Ethical Views of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 83
Good and Evil According to the Epicureans and Stoics	p. 86
The Position of the Greco-Religious Thinkers	p. 87
The Ethical Views of the Early Christian Thinkers	p. 88
The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers	p. 89
Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, and Leibnitz	p. 91
The Ethical Philosophy of Kant	p. 94
The Views of Fichte and Schopenhauer	p. 95
According to Mill, Bentham, and Spencer	p. 97
The Ethical Views of James and Dewey	p. 98
The Nature of God	p. 100
The Views of the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 102
The Concept of God in the Thought of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 104
The Position of the Later Greek Thinkers	p. 106
The Greco-Religious Ideas About God	p. 107
The Early and Medieval Christian Conception of God	p. 108
Bruno, Boehme, and Other Forerunners of the Renaissance	p. 113
The Position of Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, and Pascal	p. 114
The Nature of God According to Spinoza	p. 116
The Views of Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz	p. 117
The Concept of God in the Thought of Kant	p. 120
Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Hegel, and Later German Thinkers	p. 121
The Position of Comte, Spencer, and Bradley	p. 124
The Views of James and Dewey	p. 124
Fate versus Free Will	p. 127
The Idea of Fate Among the Early Greek Thinkers	p. 129
According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 130
The Views of the Later Greek Philosophers	p. 132
The Position of the Greco-Religious Thinkers	p. 134
Early and Medieval Christian Thinkers	p. 135
The Views of Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, and Spinoza	p. 139
The Position of Locke, of Hume, and of Leibnitz	p. 142
Fate and Free Will According to Voltaire and to Rousseau	p. 145
Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Schopenhauer, and Other German Thinkers	p. 146
The Position of Mill and of Green	p. 150
The Views of James and Dewey	p. 151
The Soul and Immortality	p. 153
The Soul as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 155
The Soul and Immortality According to Plato and Aristotle	p. 157
The Position of the Later Greek Thinkers	p. 159
The Views of Plotinus	p. 160
The Early and Medieval Christian Conception of the Soul	p. 160
The Soul According to the Forerunners of the Renaissance	p. 162
The Views of Bacon and Hobbes	p. 163
The Views of Descartes and Spinoza	p. 163
Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz	p. 165
The Soul and Immortality According to Kant	p. 167
Fichte, Schleiermacher, Herbart, and Schopenhauer	p. 168
Recent and Present-Day Conceptions of the Soul and Immortality	p. 170
Man and the State	p. 175
The State as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 178
The State According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 181
The Positions of the Later Greek Thinkers	p. 184
The Views of the Early Christian Thinkers	p. 186
The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers	p. 188
The State as Viewed by the Forerunners of the Renaissance	p. 192
Machiavelli's Conception of the State	p. 193
Grotius, Hobbes, and Other Thinkers of the Renaissance	p. 194
The Views of Spinoza, Locke, and Adam Smith	p. 196
The Position of Voltaire and of Rousseau	p. 198
The State According to Hegel, Marx, and Lassalle	p. 199
De Maistre, Saint-Simon, and Comte	p. 200
The Views of Mill and Spencer	p. 202
Nietzsche's Conception of the State	p. 204
The Views of Dewey and Recent Thinkers	p. 205
Man and Education	p. 207
Education as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 209
According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 210
The Roman Conception of Education	p. 212
Early Christian Conception of Education	p. 213
St. Benedict and the Monastic Way of Life	p. 214
Education in the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance	p. 215
Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation	p. 217
The Views of Bacon and Hobbes	p. 218
Comenius' Philosophy of Education	p. 218
Locke and Rousseau	p. 219
Pestalozzi's Conception of Education	p. 221
Herbart's View of Education	p. 222
Froebel's Conception of Education	p. 223
Mind and Matter	p. 226
Mind and Matter as Contrasted by the Early Greek Thinkers	p. 228
Plato, Aristotle, and the Later Greek Philosophers	p. 230
The Positions of Philo and St. Augustine	p. 233
According to the Medieval Christian Thinkers	p. 234
Roger Bacon and Paracelsus	p. 235
Francis Bacon and Hobbes	p. 236
Descartes and Spinoza	p. 238
Locke, Berkeley, and Hume	p. 240
The Views of Leibnitz	p. 241
Kant and Later German Philosophers	p. 241
Bradley, Royce, and Bergson	p. 244
Comte, James, Dewey, Santayana	p. 244
Ideas and Thinking	p. 246
What Thinking Meant to the Early Greek Philosophers	p. 247
According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle	p. 249
The Views of the Later Greek Philosophers	p. 250
The Medieval Christian View	p. 251
Galileo and the Beginning of the Scientific Attitude	p. 253
Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza	p. 254
Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz	p. 256
Kant, Fichte, Hegel	p. 257
Comte, Mill, Spencer	p. 260
James and Dewey	p. 260
Some Recent Approaches to Philosophy	p. 263
Kierkegaard and the Beginnings of Existentialism	p. 264
The Views of Heidegger, Jaspers, and Sartre	p. 265
Three Philosophers of Science: Whitehead, Russell, and Moore	p. 266
Logical Positivism	p. 268
Two Philosophers of the Spirit	p. 269
Some Current Philosophers in the Religious Tradition	p. 270
Conclusion	p. 272
Biographical Notes	p. 275
Index	p. 297
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