The Basics of Speech Communication

by McLean, Scott

• ISBN13: 9780205335282
• ISBN10: 0205335284
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-26
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This brief book presents basic communication concepts, terms, theories, and exercises in a readily accessible manner.The Basics of Speech Communication is designed to introduce readers to the basics of the field in a clear, concise, and engaging way. This book focuses readers in on the "nuts and bolts" without excessive detail, in order to ensure that the fundamentals are mastered and allowing instructors ample time to integrate additional materials and/or hear classroom presentations. With an emphasis on skills and competencies, this book delivers the necessary material without being overwhelming or cost-prohibitive.For those interested or involved in speech communication.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Why Study Communication?	1	(19)
Why Study Communication?	2	(1)
Definition of Communication	3	(1)
Models of Communication	4	(2)
Essential Components of Communication	6	(5)
Source	7	(1)
Message	7	(1)
Channel	7	(1)
Receiver	8	(1)
Feedback	8	(1)
Environment	8	(1)
Context	9	(1)
Interference	9	(2)
Communication in Context	11	(2)
Intrapersonal Communication	11	(1)
Interpersonal Communication	11	(1)
Group Communication	12	(1)
Public Communication	12	(1)
Mass Communication	13	(1)
Principles of Communication	13	(4)
Communication Is Constant	13	(1)
Communication Is Transactional	14	(1)
Communication Is a Process	15	(1)
Communication Is Irreversible	16	(1)
Communication Is Learned	16	(1)
Summary	17	(1)
For More Information	18	(1)
Review Questions	18	(1)
Works Cited	19	(1)
Perception and Listening	20	(26)
Why Don't We All See Things the Same Way?	23	(1)
Perception and Awareness	24	(4)
Perceptual Differences	28	(3)
Self Concept	31	(6)
Eyes, Ears, Heart	37	(1)
Importance of Listening	37	(1)
Kinds of Listening	38	(1)
Stages of Listening	39	(1)
Barriers to Listening	40	(3)
Lack of Interest	42	(1)
Dislike the Speaker, Disregard the Message	42	(1)
Can't See the Forest Through the Trees	42	(1)
Faking Attention	42	(1)
Improving Listening Skills	43	(1)
Summary	44	(1)
For More Information	44	(1)
Review Questions	45	(1)
Works Cited	45	(1)
Verbal Communication	46	(23)
What Is Language?	47	(1)
Principles of Verbal Communication	48	(7)
Language Has Rules	48	(2)
Our Reality Is Shaped by Our Language	50	(2)
Language Is Arbitrary and Symbolic	52	(1)
Language Is Abstract	53	(1)
Language Organizes and Classifies Reality	54	(1)
Language as an Obstacle to Communication	55	(7)
Speech Is Not Like Written Language	55	(1)
Slang	56	(1)
Jargon	57	(1)
Sexist and Racist Language	57	(2)
Small Talk	59	(1)
Cliche	59	(2)
Profanity	61	(1)
Euphemisms	62	(1)
Doublespeak	62	(1)
Barriers to Communication	62	(2)
Bypassing	62	(1)
Indiscrimination	63	(1)
Polarization	63	(1)
Improving Verbal Communication	64	(2)
Actively Listen to the Speaker	64	(1)
Check Your Understanding	64	(1)
Define Your Terms	65	(1)
Use Concrete Words	65	(1)
Know the Difference Between Objectivity and Subjectivity	65	(1)
Summary	66	(1)
For More Information	66	(1)
Review Questions	67	(1)
Works Cited	67	(2)
Nonverbal Communication	69	(19)
What Is Nonverbal Communication?	70	(1)
Principles of Nonverbal Communication	70	(5)
Nonverbal Communication Is Fluid	70	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Is Fast	71	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Can Add to or Replace Verbal Communication	71	(2)
Nonverbal Communication Is Universal	73	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Is Confusing and Contextual	74	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Can Be Intentional or Unintentional	75	(1)
Types of Nonverbal Communication	75	(10)
Space	75	(3)
Time	78	(2)
Physical Characteristics	80	(1)
Body Movements	80	(1)
Touch	81	(1)
Paralanguage	81	(2)
Artifacts	83	(1)
Environment	83	(2)
Improving Your Understanding	85	(1)
Watch Reactions	85	(1)
Enroll an Observer	85	(1)
Focus on a Specific Type of Nonverbal Communication	85	(1)
Summary	85	(1)
For More Information	86	(1)
Review Questions	86	(1)
Works Cited	86	(2)
Intercultural Communication	88	(25)
Definition of Intercultural Communication	90	(1)
History of the Study of Intercultural Communication	91	(4)
The Burgeoning Period in the Study of Intercultural Communication	91	(2)
The Study of Intercultural Communication in the 1960s	93	(1)
The Study of Intercultural Communication in the 1970s	93	(1)
The Study of Intercultural Communication in the 1980s	94	(1)
The Study of Intercultural Communication in the 1990s	94	(1)
The Study of Intercultural Communication: 2001 and Beyond	94	(1)
Characteristics of Intercultural Communication	95	(7)
Cultures Share a Common Experience of History and Tradition that We Learn	96	(1)
Rites of Initiation, For Example, Serve this Purpose of Socialization into the Community	96	(2)
We Share Cultures	98	(2)
Cultures Share Common Values and Principles	100	(1)
Communities Share a Common Purpose and a Sense of Mission	101	(1)
Cultures Have Common Symbols, Boundaries, Status, Language, and Rituals	101	(1)
Our Cultures Are Always Changing	102	(1)
Our Cultures Are Complex	102	(1)
Co-cultures	102	(1)
Barriers to Intercultural Communication	103	(6)
Language	103	(2)
The Nature of Perception	105	(3)
Ethnocentrism	108	(1)
Improving Intercultural Communication	109	(1)
Summary	110	(1)
For More Information	110	(1)
Review Questions	110	(1)
Works Cited	111	(2)
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Communication	113	(24)
What Is Intrapersonal Communication?	115	(2)
What Is Interpersonal Communication?	117	(2)
Why Should We Engage in Interpersonal Communication?	119	(1)
Maslow's Hierarchy	119	(2)
Schutz's Interpersonal Needs	121	(1)
Johari Window	122	(1)
Self-disclosure	123	(2)
Social Penetration Theory	125	(3)
How Do Relationships Develop?	128	(1)
Coming Together	128	(1)
Growing Apart	129	(1)
How Do We Manage Interpersonal Conflict?	130	(2)
Improving Interpersonal Communication	132	(2)
Positivity	133	(1)
Openness	133	(1)
Assurances	133	(1)
Networks	133	(1)
Sharing Tasks	134	(1)
Summary	134	(1)
For More Information	134	(1)
Review Questions	135	(1)
Works Cited	135	(2)
Group Communication	137	(24)
Types of Groups	138	(1)
How Groups Meet Our Basic Needs	139	(1)
How Many Members Does It Take to Make a Group?	140	(1)
Groups Play by Their Own Rules	141	(1)
Problem Solving in Groups	141	(4)
Define the Problem	142	(1)
Analyze the Problem	142	(1)
Establish Criteria	143	(1)
Consider Possible Solutions to the Problem	143	(1)
Decide on a Solution	144	(1)
Implement the Solution	145	(1)
Follow up on the Solution	145	(1)
How Do Groups Develop?	145	(2)
Lifecycles of Groups	147	(2)
Why Do People Stay in a Group?	149	(1)
Group Members Have Roles to Play	149	(2)
Types of Roles	150	(1)
Factors that Influence Roles	150	(1)
When Groups Come Together Via Computers	151	(2)
Group Members as Leaders	153	(5)
How Does One Become a Leader?	154	(1)
Autocratic Leader	155	(1)
Democratic Leader	156	(1)
No Initiative or Laissez-Faire Leader	156	(1)
Leader as Technician	156	(1)
Leader as Conductor	157	(1)
Leader as Coach	157	(1)
Summary	158	(1)
For More Information	158	(1)
Review Questions	159	(1)
Works Cited	159	(2)
Communication at Work	161	(19)
What Do You Know Already?	164	(1)
What Do You Need to Know?	165	(1)
Making Contact	165	(1)
You've Got the Invitation to Interview!	165	(6)
Effective Communication in Interpersonal Interaction	171	(3)
Effective Communication in Teams and Groups	174	(1)
Effective Communication in Meetings	175	(1)
Effective Communication in Virtual Meetings	176	(1)
Summary	177	(1)
For More Information	177	(1)
Review Questions	178	(1)
Works Cited	179	(1)
Mass Communication	180	(21)
What Is Mass Communication?	181	(1)
Types of Mass Communication	182	(11)
The Development of Newspapers	182	(4)
Magazines	186	(1)
Books	186	(1)
Radio	187	(1)
Music	188	(1)
Photography	188	(1)
Billboards	189	(1)
Movies	190	(1)
Television	190	(1)
Videogames	191	(1)
Internet	192	(1)
Functions of Mass Communication	193	(1)
Effects of Mass Communication	193	(2)
Critical Analysis of Mass Communication	195	(3)
What Is the Goal?	195	(1)
Is the Problem as Important as It Is Portrayed?	196	(1)
Is There Enough Evidence Presented to Justify the Claim or Main Point?	196	(1)
What Has Not Been Said?	196	(1)
Have Sources Been Provided?	196	(1)
How Credible Are the Sources?	197	(1)
Are the Arguments Logical?	197	(1)
Has the Message Tried to Manipulate Me by Appealing to Emotions or Needs I May Have?	197	(1)
Summary	198	(1)
For More Information	198	(1)
Review Questions	198	(1)
Works Cited	199	(2)
Speech Preparation	201	(25)
How to Choose a Topic	203	(1)
Factors in Choosing a Topic	203	(2)
Write General-Purpose and Thesis Statements	205	(1)
Finding Resources	206	(1)
Planning Your Investigation for Information	206	(1)
Searching for Information Via Electronic Sources	207	(2)
Getting to Work	209	(1)
Getting to Know Your Audience	210	(5)
Demographic Traits	210	(1)
Situational Traits	211	(1)
Organization	212	(3)
The Eleven Types of Speech Structures	215	(3)
The Five Parts of Any Speech	218	(5)
Attention Statement	218	(2)
Introduction	220	(1)
Body	221	(1)
Conclusion	222	(1)
Residual Message	222	(1)
Consider Visual Aids as You Plan Your Speech	223	(1)
What the Audience Expects	223	(1)
Summary	224	(1)
For More Information	224	(1)
Review Questions	224	(1)
Works Cited	225	(1)
Speech Presentation	226	(21)
What Makes for a ``Good'' Delivery?	227	(4)
The Delivery Should Create Common Ground	227	(2)
The Delivery Should Not Distract From the Message	229	(1)
The Delivery Should Help the Audience Listen, Understand, Remember, and Act	229	(1)
The Delivery, and the Speech Itself, Should Be Flexible	230	(1)
Speaking Effectively	231	(2)
Speech Anxiety	233	(2)
Voice	235	(1)
Body	236	(2)
Presentational Methods	238	(1)
Practice and Preparation	239	(1)
Types of Visual Aids	240	(1)
Methods and Materials	241	(1)
Preparing Visual Aids	242	(1)
Using Visual Aids	242	(1)
Incorporating Ethics into Your Communication	243	(1)
Summary	244	(1)
For More Information	245	(1)
Review Questions	245	(1)
Works Cited	245	(2)
Index	247