Becoming a Teacher

by Parkay, Forrest W.; Stanford, Beverly Hardcastle

• ISBN13: 9780205316861
• ISBN10: 0205316867
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Substantially revised, this book highlights 21st century teaching practices and issues to help readers discover what it takes to become professional teachers. Becoming a Teacher expands its emphasis on "mentoring" and contemporary trends and topics, giving greater coverage to technology and social issues. Case studies and discussions of teacher leadership encourage interactions with the concepts presented. The fifth edition of Becoming a Teacher provides the tools and information necessary to answer the questions "What does it take to become a professional teacher?" and "Do I want to teach?" For pre-service and in-service teachers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiv
Part One The Teaching Profession	1	(77)
Dear Mentor	1	(1)
Teaching: Your Chosen Profession	2	(36)
Focus Questions	3	(2)
Why Do You Want to Teach?	5	(11)
Desire to Work with Children and Young People	5	(1)
Love of Teaching	6	(1)
Love of Subject	7	(1)
Love of the Teaching Life	7	(1)
Love of the Teaching-Learning Process	7	(1)
Influence of Teachers	7	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Should psychological assessments be used to identify students who should not become teachers?	8	(1)
Desire to Serve	9	(1)
Professional Reflection: Assessing your reasons for choosing to teach	10	(1)
Practical Benefits of Teaching	11	(1)
Salaries and Benefits	11	(2)
Job Security and Status	13	(1)
Job Opportunities for Teachers from Diverse Backgrounds	13	(3)
What Are the Challenges of Teaching?	16	(5)
Classroom Management and Increasing School Violence	16	(2)
Social Problems That Impact Students	18	(1)
Need for Family and Community Support	18	(1)
Long Working Hours and Job Stress	19	(1)
Gaining Professional Empowerment	19	(1)
Technology Highlights: Will I Be Prepared to Teach in a Digital Age?	20	(1)
What Is Teaching Really Like?	21	(7)
Reality 1: The Unpredictability of Outcomes	21	(1)
Students' Responses	21	(2)
Results in the Future	23	(1)
Reality 2: The Difficulty of Assessing Students' Learning	23	(1)
Reality 3: The Need for Teacher-Student Partnership	24	(1)
Reality 4: The Impact of Teachers' Attitudes	25	(1)
Reality 5: The Drama and Immediacy of Teaching	25	(1)
Reality 6: The Uniqueness of the Teaching Experience	26	(2)
What Does Society Expect of Teachers?	28	(2)
The Public Trust	28	(1)
Teacher Competency and Effectiveness	29	(1)
Teacher Accountability	29	(1)
How Do Good Teachers View Their Work?	30	(8)
A Way of Being	30	(1)
A Creative Endeavor	30	(1)
A Live Performance	31	(1)
A Form of Empowerment	31	(1)
Keepers of the Dream: Caroline Bitterwolf	32	(1)
An Opportunity to Serve	33	(1)
As Keepers of the Dream	33	(1)
Summary	33	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	35	(1)
Applications and Activities	35	(1)
Teacher's Journal	35	(1)
Teacher's Database	36	(1)
Observations and Interviews	36	(1)
Professional Portfolio	37	(1)
Learning to Teach	38	(40)
Focus Questions	39	(2)
What Essential Knowledge Do You Need to Teach?	41	(5)
Self-Knowledge	41	(1)
Knowledge of Students	42	(1)
Professional Reflection: Inventorying your knowledge of children and youth	42	(1)
Knowledge of Subject	43	(1)
Knowledge of Methods for Applying Educational Theory and Research	43	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Which type of knowledge do teachers need more---subject-matter knowledge or professional knowledge?	44	(2)
What Are Five Ways of Viewing the Teacher Knowledge Base?	46	(5)
A Personal Development View	47	(1)
Research-Based Competencies	47	(1)
State Standards	48	(1)
A Job-Analysis Approach	48	(1)
Technology Highlights: What Technology-Related Knowledge and Skills Do Teachers Need?	49	(1)
Professional Views	50	(1)
How Do Reforms in Teacher Education Affect You?	51	(2)
Increased Academic Preparation	51	(1)
Expanded Role for Schools	52	(1)
National Certification	52	(1)
State Standards Boards	53	(1)
What Can You Learn from Observing in Classrooms?	53	(4)
Technology and Classroom Observations	53	(1)
Case to Consider: Ruth's Dilemma	54	(1)
Focused Observations	55	(1)
Observation Instruments	56	(1)
How Can You Gain Practical Experience for Becoming a Teacher?	57	(5)
Classroom Experiences	57	(1)
Microteaching	57	(1)
Simulations	57	(1)
Video Cases	58	(1)
Practica	58	(1)
Classroom Aides	58	(1)
Student Teaching	58	(1)
Student Teacher Journal Writing	58	(1)
Reflective Teaching Logs	59	(1)
Gaining Experiences in Multicultural Settings	60	(1)
Induction and Internship Programs	60	(1)
School-Based Teacher Education	61	(1)
Substitute Teaching	61	(1)
How Can You Develop Your Teaching Portfolio?	62	(2)
Portfolio Contents	63	(1)
Using a Portfolio	64	(1)
How Can You Benefit from Mentoring Relationships?	64	(1)
What Opportunities for Continuing Professional Development Will You Have?	65	(13)
Self-Assessment for Professional Growth	66	(1)
Teacher Workshops	67	(1)
Teacher Centers	67	(1)
Professional Development Schools	67	(1)
Supervision and Mentoring of Students Teachers	68	(1)
Graduate Study	68	(1)
Study on the Internet	68	(1)
Summary	68	(3)
Key Terms and Concepts	71	(1)
Applications and Activities	71	(1)
Teacher's Journal	71	(1)
Teacher's Database	72	(1)
Observations and Interviews	72	(1)
Professional Portfolio	73	(1)
Appendix 2.1: Florida Performance Measurement System	74	(1)
Appendix 2.2: Models of Professional Standards: Kentucky's New Teacher Standards	75	(1)
Appendix 2.3: Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium Standards	76	(1)
Appendix 2.4: Sample NBPTS Portfolio Exercise	77	(1)
Part Two Influences on the Professional Lives of Teachers	78	(168)
Dear Mentor	78	(2)
Ideas and Events That Have Shaped Education in the United States	80	(42)
Focus Questions	81	(2)
What Determines Your Educational Philosophy?	83	(3)
Beliefs about Teaching and Learning	83	(1)
Technology Highlights: How can the World Wide Web enhance your study of and interest in the philosophy and history of education?	84	(1)
Beliefs about Students	84	(1)
Beliefs about Knowledge	85	(1)
Beliefs about What Is Worth Knowing	86	(1)
What Are the Branches of Philosophy?	86	(3)
Metaphysics	86	(1)
Epistemology	87	(1)
Axiology	87	(1)
Ethics	88	(1)
Aesthetics	88	(1)
Logic	89	(1)
What Are Five Modern Philosophical Orientations to Teaching?	89	(4)
Perennialism	89	(1)
Perennialist Educational Philosophers	90	(1)
Essentialism	90	(1)
Progressivism	91	(1)
Progressive Strategies	91	(1)
Existentialism	91	(1)
Social Reconstructionism	92	(1)
Social Reconstructionism and Progressivism	92	(1)
What Psychological Orientations Have Influenced Teaching Philosophies?	93	(2)
Humanistic Psychology	93	(1)
Behaviorism	93	(1)
Founders of Behavioristic Psychology	94	(1)
Constructivism	94	(1)
How Can You Develop Your Educational Philosophy?	95	(1)
What Were Teaching and Schools Like in the American Colonies (1620--1750)?	96	(3)
Colonial Schools	96	(2)
The Origins of Mandated Education	98	(1)
Education for African Americans and Native Americans	98	(1)
What Were the Goals of Education during the Revolutionary Period (1750--1820)?	99	(2)
Benjamin Franklin's Academy	99	(1)
Sarah Pierce's Female Academy	100	(1)
Thomas Jefferson's Philosophy	100	(1)
Noah Webster's Speller	101	(1)
How Was the Struggle Won for State-Supported Common Schools (1820--1865)?	101	(4)
Where Do You Stand? Should School attendance beyond the elementary level become voluntary?	102	(1)
Horace Mann's Contributions	103	(1)
Improving Schools	104	(1)
The Normal School	104	(1)
Reverend W. H. McGuffey's Readers	105	(1)
Justin Morill's Land-Grant Schools	105	(1)
How Did Compulsory Education Change Schools and the Teaching Profession (1865--1920)?	105	(3)
Higher Education for African Americans	106	(1)
The Kindergarten	106	(1)
The Professionalization of Teaching	107	(1)
Professional Reflection: Reflecting on Changes in the Image of Teachers	107	(1)
What Were the Aims of Education during the Progressive Era (1920--1945)?	108	(2)
John Dewey's Laboratory School	109	(1)
Maria Montessori's Method	109	(1)
Education of Immigrants and Minorities	110	(1)
How Did Education Change during the Modern Postwar Era (1945--2000)?	110	(12)
The 1950s: Defense Education and School Desegregation	110	(2)
Keepers of the Dream: Marian Wright Edelman	112	(1)
The 1960s: The War on Poverty and the Great Society	112	(1)
The 1970s: Accountability and Equal Opportunity	112	(3)
The 1980s: A Great Debate	115	(1)
The 1990s and into the Twenty-First Century: Teacher Leadership	115	(1)
Summary	116	(3)
Key Terms and Concepts	119	(1)
Applications and Activities	120	(1)
Teacher's Journal	120	(1)
Teacher's Database	120	(1)
Observations and Interviews	120	(1)
Professional Portfolio	121	(1)
Social Realities Confronting Today's Schools	122	(42)
Focus Questions	123	(2)
What Are the Aims of Education Today?	125	(5)
Education for National Goals	125	(1)
Education for Prosocial Values	126	(1)
Education for Socialization	126	(1)
Education for Achievement	127	(1)
Education for Personal Growth	128	(1)
Education for Social Change	128	(1)
Education for Equal Educational Opportunity	128	(2)
How Can Schools Be Described?	130	(1)
Metaphors for Schools	130	(1)
Schools and Social Class	130	(1)
What Are Schools Like as Social Institutions?	131	(6)
The School as a Reflection of Society	131	(2)
Rural, Suburban, and Urban Schools	133	(1)
Schools and Community Environments	133	(1)
Technology Highlights: Do Students in Urban Schools Have Equal Access to Up-to-Date Technologies?	134	(1)
The Culture of the School	134	(1)
The Physical Environment	135	(1)
Formal Practices of Schools	135	(1)
School Traditions	136	(1)
The Culture of the Classroom	136	(1)
What Characteristics Distinguish Successful Schools?	137	(2)
Measures of Success	137	(1)
Research on School Effectiveness	137	(2)
What Social Problems Affect Schools and Place Students at Risk?	139	(14)
Identifying Students at Risk	139	(2)
Children and Poverty	141	(1)
Case to Consider: Pharoah's Perspective	142	(2)
Family Stress	144	(2)
Substance Abuse	146	(1)
Violence and Crime	146	(3)
Professional Reflection: Identifying factors behind youth violence	149	(1)
Teen Pregnancy	149	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Should metal detectors be installed in schools?	150	(2)
Students with HIV/AIDS	152	(1)
Suicide among Children and Youths	152	(1)
What Are Schools Doing to Address Societal Problems?	153	(11)
Intervention Programs	153	(1)
Peer Counseling	153	(1)
Full-Service Schools	154	(1)
School-Based Interprofessional Case Management	155	(1)
Compensatory Education	155	(1)
Alternative Schools and Curricula	156	(1)
Summary	157	(1)
Key Terms and Concepts	158	(1)
Applications and Activities	159	(1)
Teacher's Journal	159	(1)
Teacher's Database	159	(1)
Observations and Interviews	160	(1)
Professional Portfolio	160	(1)
Appendix 4.1: School Safety Checklist	161	(1)
Appendix 4.2: Selected Resources for Meeting Needs of Students Placed at Risk	162	(2)
Struggles for Control of Schools in the United States	164	(36)
Focus Questions	165	(2)
Who Is Involved in the Struggles for Control of Schools in the United States?	167	(2)
What Is the Role of the Local Community in School Governance?	169	(7)
Local School District	169	(1)
School Board	170	(1)
Superintendent of Schools	170	(1)
The Role of Parents	171	(1)
Keepers of the Dream: Marcia McVey	172	(1)
School Restructuring	173	(1)
School-Based Management	174	(1)
Chicago School Reform	174	(2)
What Powers and Influence Do States Have in Governing Schools?	176	(3)
The Roles of State Government in Education	176	(1)
The Legislature	176	(1)
The Courts	177	(1)
The Governor	177	(1)
State Board of Education	178	(1)
State Department of Education	178	(1)
Chief State School Officer	179	(1)
What Assistance Do Regional Education Agencies Provide?	179	(4)
How Does the Federal Government Influence Education?	180	(1)
Technology Highlights: How should federal revenues be distributed to the states for the purchase of educational technology?	181	(1)
The Impact of Presidential Policies	182	(1)
U.S. Department of Education	183	(1)
Professional Reflection: Examining the tension between federal and state roles in education	183	(1)
How Are Schools Financed in the United States?	183	(5)
Local Funding	186	(1)
State Funding	186	(1)
Federal Funding	186	(2)
What Are Some Trends in Funding for Equity and Excellence?	188	(12)
Tax Reform and Redistricting	188	(1)
Vertical Equity	189	(1)
School Choice	189	(1)
Where Do You Stand? School vouchers: Pro or con?	190	(2)
Voucher Systems	192	(1)
Corporate-Education Partnerships	193	(1)
Summary	193	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	195	(1)
Applications and Activities	196	(1)
Teacher's Journal	196	(1)
Teacher's Database	196	(1)
Observations and Interviews	197	(1)
Professional Portfolio	197	(1)
Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Teachers to Think and Act Politically	198	(1)
Appendix 5.2: Typical Organizational Structur for a Medium-size School District	199	(1)
Ethical and Legal Issues in Education in the United States	200	(46)
Focus Questions	201	(2)
Why Do You Need a Professional Code of Ethics?	203	(3)
Ethical Teaching Attitudes and Practices	203	(1)
Case to Consider: Lisa's Ethical Challenge	204	(2)
Ethical Dilemmas in Classroom and School	206	(1)
What Are Your Legal Rights as a Teacher?	206	(7)
Certification	207	(1)
Teacher's Rights to Nondiscrimination	207	(1)
Teaching Contracts	208	(1)
Due Process in Tenure and Dismissal	209	(2)
Academic Freedom	211	(1)
Famous Cases	211	(1)
State's Rights	212	(1)
Professional Reflection: Evaluating statements about academic freedom	213	(1)
Do Student Teachers Have the Same Rights?	213	(2)
What Are Your Legal Responsibilities as a Teacher?	215	(8)
Avoiding Tort Liability	215	(1)
Negligence	216	(1)
Educational Malpractice	217	(3)
Reporting Child Abuse	220	(1)
Observing Copyright Laws	220	(1)
Photocopies	220	(1)
Technology Highlights: What ethical and legal issus will you face regarding the use of computer software?	221	(1)
Videotapes	221	(1)
Computer Software	221	(1)
Electronic Mail and the Internet	222	(1)
Publishing on the Internet	222	(1)
What Are the Legal Rights of Students and Parents?	223	(9)
Freedom of Expression	223	(1)
Censorship	223	(1)
Dress Codes	224	(1)
Due Process in Suspension and Expulsion	225	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Should school require students to wear uniforms?	226	(2)
Reasonable Search and Seizure	228	(2)
Privacy	230	(1)
Students' Rights to Nondiscrimination	231	(1)
What Are Some Issues in the Legal Rights of School Districts?	232	(14)
Corporal Punishment	232	(1)
Sexual Harassment	233	(2)
Religious Expression	235	(2)
Home Schooling	237	(1)
Summary	238	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	240	(1)
Applications and Activities	240	(1)
Teacher's Journal	240	(1)
Teacher's Database	241	(1)
Observations and Interviews	241	(1)
Professional Portfolio	242	(1)
Appendix 6.1: NEA Code of Ethics for Teachers	243	(1)
Appendix 6.2: NEA Bill of Rights for Student Teachers	244	(2)
Part Three The Art of Teaching	246	(208)
Dear Mentor	246	(2)
Teaching Diverse Learners	248	(40)
Focus Questions	249	(2)
How Is Diversity Embedded in the Culture of the United States?	251	(9)
The Meaning of Culture	252	(1)
Dimensions of Culture	253
Cultural Identity	252	(1)
Language and Culture	252	(4)
The Concept of Multiculturalism	256	(1)
Ethinicity and Race	256	(1)
The Concept of Minorities	257	(1)
Minority Groups and Academic Achievement	257	(1)
Language Minorities	258	(1)
Stereotyping and Racism	259	(1)
Professional Reflection: Reflecting on your cultural identity	259	(1)
What Does Equal Educational Opportunity Mean?	260	(8)
Education and African Americans	260	(1)
The Desegregation Era	261	(1)
Resegregation of Schools in the United States	261	(1)
The Learning Needs of African-American Students	262	(1)
Afrocentric Schools	263	(1)
Education and Latino and Hispanic Americans	263	(1)
Socioeconomic Factors	263	(1)
The Learning Needs of Spanish-Speaking Students	264	(1)
Education and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders	264	(1)
Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors	265	(1)
Teachers' Concerns about Asian American Students	265	(1)
Education and Native Americans and Alaskan Natives	266	(1)
Historical, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors	267	(1)
Research on Native American Ways of Knowing	267	(1)
What Is Meant by Bilingual Education?	268	(4)
Research and Debate on Bilingual Programs	269	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Is multiculural education unifying or divisive?	270	(2)
Advice for Monolingual Teachers	272	(1)
What Is Multicultural Education?	272	(5)
Dimensions of Multicultural Education	273	(1)
Keepers of the Dream: Peter White: Opportunity Creator	274	(1)
Multicultural Curricula	275	(1)
Multicultural Instructional Materials and Strategies	276	(1)
How Is Gender a Dimension of Multicultural Education?	277	(11)
Technology Highlights: Does gender equity exist in the use of educational technology?	278	(1)
Gender Differences	278	(1)
Gender and Education	279	(2)
Gender-Fair Classrooms and Curricula	281	(1)
Sexual Orientation	281	(1)
Summary	282	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	284	(1)
Applications and Activities	284	(1)
Teacher's Journal	284	(1)
Teacher's Database	284	(1)
Observations and Interviews	285	(1)
Professional Portfolio	285	(1)
Appendix 7.1 Can You Recognize Racism?	286	(2)
Addressing Learners' Individual Needs	288	(44)
Focus Questions	289	(1)
How Do Students' Needs Change as They Develop?	290	(11)
Piaget's Model of Cognitive Development	291	(1)
Erikson's Model of Psychosocial Development	291	(2)
Kohlberg's Model of Moral Development	293	(3)
Where Do You Stand? Is character education an effective way to improve society?	296	(2)
Maslow's Model of a Hierarchy of Needs	298	(1)
Developmental Stresses and Tasks of Childhood	298	(2)
Developmental Stresses and Tasks of Adolescence	300	(1)
How Do Students Vary in Intelligence?	301	(5)
Intelligence Testing	302	(1)
Multiple Intelligences	303	(2)
Learning Styles	305	(1)
Professional Reflection: Identifying your learning style preferences	305	(1)
How Do Students Vary in Ability and Disability?	306	(6)
Exceptional Learners	306	(1)
Students with Disabilities	307	(2)
Students Who Are Gifted and Talented	309	(3)
What Are Special Education, Mainstreaming, and Inclusion?	312	(5)
Special Education Laws	312	(2)
Meeting the Mainstreaming Challenge	314	(1)
The Debate Over Inclusion	315	(1)
Equal Opportunity for Exceptional Learners	316	(1)
How Can You Teach All Learners in Your Inclusive Classroom?	317	(15)
Collaborative Consultation with Other Professionals	317	(1)
Case to Consider: Help! Tell me about this kid!	318	(2)
Working with Parents	320	(1)
Assistive Technology for Special Learners	320	(1)
Technology Highlights: How can word prediction software enhance the writing abilities of students with disabilities?	321	(1)
Summary	322	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	324	(1)
Applications and Activities	325	(1)
Teacher's Journal	325	(1)
Teacher's Database	325	(1)
Observations and Interviews	326	(1)
Professional Portfolio	326	(2)
Appendix 8.1 A Sample Individualized Education Plan (IEP)	328	(3)
Appendix 8.2 Examples of Instructional Strategies for Teaching All Learners	331	(1)
Creating a Community of Learners	332	(36)
Focus Questions	333	(2)
What Determines the Culture of the Classroom?	335	(3)
Classroom Climate	335	(2)
Classroom Dynamics	337	(1)
Teacher Communication	337	(1)
Student Interaction	337	(1)
How Can You Create a Positive Learning Environment?	338	(8)
The Caring Classroom	338	(1)
The Classroom as a Physical Environment	339	(2)
Classroom Organization	341	(1)
Grouping Students by Ability	341	(1)
Grouping Students for Cooperative Lerning	341	(1)
Keepers of the Dream: Nel Noddings: Leader in the Challenge to Care	342	(1)
Delivering Instruction	343	(1)
Professional Reflection: How do low- and high-authentic pedagogy differ?	344	(1)
Structuring the Use of Time	345	(1)
What Are the Keys to Successful Classroom Management?	346	(5)
The Democratic Classroom	346	(1)
Preventive Planning	347	(1)
Establishing Rules and Procedures	347	(1)
Organizing and Planning for Instruction	348	(1)
Effective Responses to Student Behavior	348	(1)
Severity of Misbehavior	348	(1)
Constructive Assertiveness	349	(1)
Teacher Problem Solving	350	(1)
Developing Your Own Approach to Classroom Management	351	(1)
What Teaching Methods Do Effective Teachers Use?	351	(5)
Methods Based on Learning New Behaviors	353	(1)
Methods Based on Child Development	353	(2)
Methods Based on the Thinking Process	355	(1)
Methods Based on Peer-Mediated Instruction	356	(1)
What Are Some Characteristics of Effective Teaching?	356	(12)
Establishing Goals	357	(1)
Linking Assessment with Instruction	358	(1)
Examples of Effective Teachers	359	(1)
Laurie Robben, Fourth Grade Teacher, Greenwhich, Connecticut	359	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Should the use of standardized testing be increased?	360	(2)
Technology Highlights: How do effective teachers use technology to enhance their instruction?	362	(1)
Terri Jenkins, Eighth Grade Middle School Language Arts Teacher, Hephzibah, Georgia	362	(1)
James P. Anderson, Barbara Floisand, David Martinez, and Dalmar P. Robinson, Alternative High School Teachers, Salt Lake City, Utah	363	(1)
Summary	363	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	365	(1)
Applications and Activities	365	(1)
Teacher's Journal	365	(1)
Teacher's Database	366	(1)
Observations and Interviews	366	(1)
Professional Portfolio	367	(1)
Developing and Implementing the Curriculum	368	(44)
Focus Questions	369	(1)
What Is Taught in Schools?	370	(5)
Kinds of Curriculum	371	(1)
Explicit Curriculum	371	(1)
Hidden Curriculum	371	(1)
Null Curriculum	372	(1)
Professional Reflection: Identifying kinds of curriculum	372	(1)
Extracurricular/Cocurricular Programs	372	(2)
Curriculum Content	374	(1)
How Is the School Curriculum Developed?	375	(4)
The Focus of Curriculum Planning	375	(1)
Student-Centered versus Subject-Centered Curricula	376	(1)
The Integrated Curriculum	376	(1)
Who Plans the Curriculum?	377	(1)
What Influences Curricular Decisions?	378	(1)
Social Issues and Changing Values	378	(1)
Textbook Publishing	379	(1)
What Reform Efforts Have Affected the Curriculum?	379	(12)
Case to Consider: Ms. Hyman's ESL Writing Lesson	380	(3)
Church, Nation, and School	383	(1)
Children and School	384	(1)
The Committee of Ten	384	(1)
The Committee of Fifteen	385	(1)
The Reorganization of Secondary Education	385	(1)
Standards and the Schools	385	(1)
The Push for Mass Education	385	(1)
The Progressive Curriculum	386	(1)
The Eight-Year Study	386	(1)
The Push for Excellence	387	(1)
The Inquiry-Based Curriculum	387	(1)
The Relevancy-Based Curriculum	387	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Is raising national educational standards an effective way to improve education?	388	(2)
The Core Curriculum	390	(1)
Performance-Based Education	390	(1)
What Are Some Current Subject-Area Trends?	391	(21)
Reading and Writing	391	(2)
Mathematics	393	(2)
Science and Technology	395	(1)
Technology Highlights: How can educational software change the roles of teachers and students?	396	(1)
Social Studies	397	(3)
Foreign Languages	400	(1)
The Arts	401	(1)
Physical Education	402	(1)
Vocational-Technical Education	403	(1)
Summary	404	(1)
Key Terms and Concepts	405	(1)
Applications and Activities	406	(1)
Teacher's Journal	406	(1)
Teacher's Database	406	(1)
Observations and Interviews	406	(1)
Professional Portfolio	407	(1)
Appendix 10.1 Selected Subject-Area References for Curriculum Planning	408	(4)
Teaching with Technology	412	(42)
Focus Questions	413	(2)
How Are Educational Technologies Influencing Schools?	415	(3)
Technology and the Challenge to Schools	415	(1)
Professional Reflection: How technically proficient are you?	416	(2)
What Technologies Are Available for Teaching?	418	(9)
The Television Revolution	418	(1)
Channel One	419	(1)
The Computer Revolution	420	(1)
Computers and Instruction	420	(2)
The ``Magic'' of Media	422	(1)
Hypermedia	422	(1)
Computer Simulations	423	(1)
Home-School Communication Systems	423	(1)
Keepers of the Dream: Kristi Rennebohm Franz: Technology and Multicultural Educator	424	(1)
The Internet	424	(1)
Newsgroups	424	(2)
Technology Highlights: Can the Internet enhance school-home communication and parental involvement?	426	(1)
Chat Rooms	426	(1)
Videoconferencing	427	(1)
How Do Teachers Use Computers and the Interent?	427	(3)
Preparing Lessons	427	(1)
Communicating with Other Educators	428	(1)
Posting Information and Student Work on the Web	428	(1)
Facilitating Students' Learning Via Computers and Cyberspace	429	(1)
What Are the Effects of Computer Technology on Learning?	430	(2)
Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow Project (ACOT)	430	(1)
Integrating Technology	431	(1)
Findings from Other Research Studies	431	(1)
Should Technology Be at the Forefront of Efforts to Improve Schools in the United States?	432	(3)
The Opposition: Computers Will Not Improve Education	434	(1)
The Advocates: Computers Will Improve Education	435	(1)
What Barriers Limit the Integration of Technology into Schools?	435	(19)
Where Do You Stand? Is the use of technology in schools overemphasized?	436	(2)
Pillar 1: Access to Technology for All Students	438	(1)
Funding for Computers and Technical Support	439	(1)
Commercial Computer Labs	440	(1)
Unequal Access to Technology	440	(2)
Pillar 2: Internet Access for All Schools	442	(1)
Pillar 3: Quality Educational Software	443	(1)
Pillar 4: Teacher Training in Technology	444	(3)
Summary	447	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	449	(1)
Applications and Activities	449	(1)
Teacher's Journal	449	(1)
Teacher's Database	450	(1)
Observations and Interviews	450	(1)
Professional Portfolio	450	(1)
Appendix 11.1 Criteria for Evaluating Software Programs	451	(2)
Appendix 11.2 Criteria for Evaluating World Wide Web Sites	453	(1)
Part Four Your Teaching Future	454	(125)
Dear Mentor	454	(2)
Teachers as Educational Leaders	456	(42)
Focus Questions	457	(2)
To What Extent Is Teaching a Full Profession?	459	(5)
Institutional Monopoly of Services	459	(1)
Teacher Autonomy	460	(1)
Years of Education and Training	461	(1)
Provision of Essential Service	462	(1)
Degree of Self-Governance	462	(1)
Professional Associations	463	(1)
Professional Knowledge and Skills	463	(1)
Level of Public Trust	463	(1)
Prestige, Benefits, and Pay	463	(1)
What Is Professionalism in Teaching?	464	(5)
Professional Behavior	464	(1)
Reflection-in-Action	464	(1)
Becoming a Mentor	465	(1)
Lifelong Learning	465	(1)
Case to Consider: Martha's Leadership	466	(2)
Learning to Become a Leader	468	(1)
Involvement in the Profession	468	(1)
To What Professional Organizations Do Teachers Belong?	469	(5)
The National Education Association	469	(1)
The American Federation of Teachers	470	(1)
A Merger between the NEA and AFT?	471	(1)
Other Professional Organizations	471	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Do teachers' unions have a positive effect on education?	472	(2)
What New Leadership Roles for Teachers Are Emerging?	474	(5)
Teacher Involvement in Teacher Education, Certification, and Staff Development	474	(1)
Teacher-Leaders	475	(1)
Technology Highlights: How are teachers playing a leadership role in the development and dissemination of multimedia software?	476	(1)
Dimensions of Teacher Leadership beyond the Classroom	477	(2)
Professional Reflection: Working with principals	479	(1)
How Do Teachers Contribute to Educational Research?	479	(4)
Sources of Educational Research	480	(1)
Government Resources for Research Application	480	(1)
Conducting Classroom Action Research	481	(2)
How Are Teachers Providing Leadership for School Restructuring and Curriculum Reform?	483	(15)
Leadership and Collaboration for School Reform	483	(2)
Collaborative School Reform Networks	485	(1)
Coalition of Essential Schools	485	(1)
National Network for Educational Renewal	486	(1)
Accelerated Schools	486	(1)
State-Based Educational Partnerships	486	(1)
Summary	486	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	488	(1)
Applications and Activities	488	(1)
Teacher's Journal	488	(1)
Teacher's Database	489	(1)
Observations and Interviews	489	(1)
Professional Portfolio	489	(1)
Appendix 12.1 Sampler of Professional Organizations for Teachers	490	(5)
Appendix 12.2 Selected Education Journals	495	(2)
Appendix 12.3 Coalition of Essential Schools: Ten Common Principles	497	(1)
Your First Teaching Position	498	(46)
Focus Questions	499	(2)
How Will You Become Certified or Licensed to Teach?	501	(5)
State Certification Requirements	501	(3)
Alternative Certification	504	(1)
The Praxis Series	505	(1)
Where Will You Teach?	506	(3)
A Favorable Job Market	506	(1)
Demand by Specialty Area and Geographic Region	507	(1)
Other Career Opportunities for Teachers	508	(1)
How Will You Find Your First Teaching Job?	509	(7)
Finding Out about Teaching Vacancies	509	(2)
Preparing Your Resume	511	(1)
Writing Letters of Inquiry and Applications	511	(2)
Participating in a Job Interview	513	(2)
Accepting an Offer	515	(1)
Professional Reflection: What elements are essential for your job satisfaction?	515	(1)
Technology Highlights: How can you create an electronic professional portfolio?	516	(1)
What Can You Expect as a Beginning Teacher?	516	(2)
The First Day	516	(2)
Advice from Experienced Teachers	518	(1)
How Can You Become a Part of Your Learning Community?	518	(6)
Relationships with Students	518	(1)
Relationships with Colleagues and Staff	519	(1)
Relationships with Administrators	520	(1)
Relationships with Parents	520	(2)
Where Do You Stand? Should teachers be required to make home visits?	522	(2)
Community Relations	524	(1)
How Can You Participate in Teacher Collaboration?	524	(3)
Peer Coaching	525	(1)
Staff Development	525	(1)
Team Teaching	526	(1)
Co-Teaching	526	(1)
How Will Your Performance as a Teacher Be Evaluated?	527	(17)
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation	527	(1)
Keepers of the Dream: Mary Lynn Peacher: The Teacher with Heart	528	(1)
Clinical Supervision	528	(2)
Summary	530	(1)
Key Terms and Concepts	531	(1)
Applications and Activities	532	(1)
Teacher's Journal	532	(1)
Teacher's Database	532	(1)
Observations and Interviews	532	(1)
Professional Portfolio	533	(1)
Appendix 13.1 Directory of State Teacher Certification Offices in the United States	534	(3)
Appendix 13.2 Parties to the Interstate Certification Agreement Contract	537	(1)
Appendix 13.3 Job Search Timetable Checklist	538	(1)
Appendix 13.4 Resume Advice for Educators	539	(2)
Appendix 13.5 Critical Information to Know about School Districts	541	(2)
Appendix 13.6 Negotiating a School's Culture: A Political Roadmap for the First-Year Teacher	543	(1)
Education Issues for the Twenty-First Century	544	(35)
Focus Questions	545	(2)
What Knowledge and Skills Will Prepare Students for a Global Information Age?	547	(3)
Literacy in Language, Mathematics, and Science	547	(1)
New Technological Skills	548	(1)
Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, and Creativity	548	(1)
Social Awareness, Communication Skills, and Team Building	549	(1)
Global Awareness and Conservation Skills	549	(1)
Health and Wellness Education	549	(1)
Moral and Ethical Orientation	549	(1)
Aesthetics Awareness	550	(1)
Lifelong, Self-Directed Learning	550	(1)
How Can Schools and Teachers Provide an Outstanding Education for All Learners?	550	(4)
Equity for All Students	551	(1)
Case to Consider: An exemplary school	552	(2)
Active, Authentic Learning	554	(1)
How Can Community-Based Partnerships Address Social Problems That Hinder Students' Learning?	554	(5)
The Community as a Resource for Schools	555	(1)
Civic Organizations	555	(1)
Volunteer Mentor Programs	555	(1)
Corporate-Education Partnerships	555	(2)
Schools as Resources for Communities	557	(1)
Beyond the School Day	557	(1)
Social Services	558	(1)
How Will the Privatization Movement Affect Equity and Excellence in Education?	559	(5)
Charter Schools	560	(1)
For-Profit Schools	561	(1)
Where Do You Stand? Is privatization an effective way to improve education in the United States?	562	(2)
Technology Highlights: How does the United States compare to other countries regarding the importance of information technology in the curriculum?	564	(1)
What Can Teachers and Schools Learn from International Education?	564	(7)
Comparative Education	565
International Comparisons of Achievement	556	(12)
A National Curriculum?	568	(1)
Lessons from Other Countries	569	(1)
Support for Teachers and Teaching	569	(2)
Parental Involvement	571	(1)
Pressure to Excel	571	(1)
What Is Our Vision for the Future of Education?	571	(8)
Tomorrow's Teacher	573	(1)
Professional Reflection: What does the future hold for education in your state?	574	(1)
Summary	575	(2)
Key Terms and Concepts	577	(1)
Applications and Activities	577	(1)
Teacher's Journal	577	(1)
Teacher's Database	578	(1)
Observations and Interviews	578	(1)
Professional Portfolio	578	(1)
References	579	(14)
Glossary	593	(8)
Name Index	601	(4)
Subject Index	605