Becoming Yellow

by Keevak, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780691140315
• ISBN10: 0691140316
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-04-18
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

In their earliest encounters with Asia, Europeans almost uniformly characterized the people of China and Japan as white. This was a means of describing their wealth and sophistication, their willingness to trade with the West, and their presumed capacity to become Christianized. But by the end of the seventeenth century the category of whiteness was reserved for Europeans only. When and how did Asians become "yellow" in the Western imagination? Looking at the history of racial thinking,Becoming Yellowexplores the notion of yellowness and shows that this label originated not in early travel texts or objective descriptions, but in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century scientific discourses on race. From the walls of an ancient Egyptian tomb, which depicted people of varying skin tones including yellow, to the phrase "yellow peril" at the beginning of the twentieth century in Europe and America, Michael Keevak follows the development of perceptions about race and human difference. He indicates that the conceptual relationship between East Asians and yellow skin did not begin in Chinese culture or Western readings of East Asian cultural symbols, but in anthropological and medical records that described variations in skin color. Eighteenth-century taxonomers such as Carl Linnaeus, as well as Victorian scientists and early anthropologists, assigned colors to all racial groups, and once East Asians were lumped with members of the Mongolian race, they began to be considered yellow. Demonstrating how a racial distinction took root in Europe and traveled internationally,Becoming Yellowweaves together multiple narratives to tell the complex history of a problematic term.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. vii
Acknowledgments	p. ix
Introduction: No Longer White: The Nineteenth-Century Invention of Yellowness	p. 1
Before They Were Yellow: East Asians in Early Travel and Missionary Reports	p. 23
Taxonomies of Yellow: Linnaeus, Blumenbach, and the Making of a ôMongolianö Race in the Eighteenth Century	p. 43
Nineteenth-Century Anthropology and the Measurement of ôMongolianö Skin Color	p. 70
East Asian Bodies in Nineteenth-Century Medicine: The Mongolian Eye, the Mongolian Spot, and ôMongolismö	p. 101
Yellow Peril: The Threat of a ôMongolianö Far East, 1895-1920	p. 124
Notes	p. 145
Works Cited	p. 175
Index	p. 211
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