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Contents
Preface: To the Instructor
Rhetorical Contents
How to Succeed in College with The Bedford Guide for College Writers
Book 1A WRITER’S GUIDEIntroduction: Writing in College
Part OneA College Writer’s Processes
1. Writing Processes Writing, Reading, and Critical Thinking A Process of Writing Generating Ideas Learning by Doing Reflecting on Ideas Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Reflecting on Drafts Revising and Editing Understand Your Writing Situation Writing with Purpose Learning by Doing Writing with Purpose Writing for Your Audience Writing in Different Genres Learning by Doing Experimenting with Genres Learning by Doing Analyzing a Piece of Writing Additional Writing Assignments
2. Reading Processes A Process of Critical Reading Preparing to Read Responding as You Read Learning by Doing Annotating a Passage Learning by Doing Keeping a Reading Journal Learning from Other Writers: Summarizing and Responding ¦ Robert Jensen, From The High Cost of Manliness ¦ Student Summary and Response: Olof Eriksson, The Problems with Masculinity Reading on Literal and Analytical Levels Learning by Doing Reading Analytically Generating Ideas from Reading Learning from Other Writers: Responding Critically ¦ Neil DeGrasse Tyson, From The Cosmic Perspective ¦ Student Critical Response: Ayesha James, Responding to Neil DeGrasse Tyson’s “The Cosmic Perspective” Learning by Doing Reading Critically Reading Online and Multimodal Texts Learning by Doing Reading a Website Additional Writing Assignments
3. Critical Thinking Processes A Process of Critical Thinking Applying Critical Thinking in Daily Life Learning by Doing Thinking Critically When Facing a Problem Applying Critical Thinking to Academic Problems Thinking Critically about Your Own Writing: Self-Reflection How to Reflect on Your Own Writing Learning by Doing Reflecting on Your College Career Contexts for Self-Reflection Learning by Doing Reflecting on Your Course Syllabus Learning from Another Writer: Self-Reflection ¦ Student Self-Reflection: Khalia Nadam, What I Learned from My Research Project Additional Writing Assignments
Part TwoA Writer’s Situations
4. Recalling and Observing Why Recalling and Observing Matter Learning from Other Writers ¦ Margaret Rhee, Returning to My Father’s Koreatown ¦ Student Essay: DeAndra Miller, Dead to Rights Learning by Writing The Assignment: Recalling a Personal Experience or Observing a Scene Generating Ideas Planning, Drafting, and Developing Revising and Editing Learning by Doing Strengthen Your Main Idea, Impression, or Thesis Peer Response Recalling and Observing Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
5. Interviewing for Information Why Interviewing for Information Matters Learning from Other Writers ¦ Jon Ronson, How One Stupid Tweet Blew Up Justine Sacco’s Life ¦ Student Essay: Lorena A. Ryan-Hines, Looking Backwards, Moving Forward Learning by Writing The Assignment: Writing an Essay Based on an Interview Generating Ideas Learning by Doing Analyzing Interview Questions Peer Response Get Feedback on Your Interview Questions Planning, Drafting, and Developing Revising and Editing Peer Response Get Feedback on Your Essay Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
6. Comparing and Contrasting Why Comparing and Contrasting Matter Learning from Other Writers ¦ American Psychological Association, Stress in America: Generation Z ¦ Student Essay: Isaac Sinclair, E-Cigarettes Pose a Hidden Danger Learning by Writing The Assignment: Comparing and Contrasting Managing Your Time: Writing a Comparison/Contrast EssayGenerating Ideas Learning by Doing Making a Comparison-and-Contrast Table Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Building Cohesion with Transitions Revising and Editing Peer Response Get Feedback on Your Compare-and-Contrast Essay Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
7. Explaining Causes and Effects Why Explaining Causes and Effects Matters Learning from Other Writers ¦ Simon Gottschalk, In Praise of Doing Nothing: Why Leisure Time Is Good for Productivity ¦ Student Essay: Yun Yung Choi, Invisible Women Learning by Writing The Assignment: Explaining Causes and Effects Managing Your Time: Writing a Cause-and-Effect EssayGenerating Ideas Learning by Doing Determining Causes and Effects Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Focusing Your Introduction Revising and Editing Peer Response Get Feedback on Your Cause-and-Effect Essay Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
8. Taking a Stand Why Taking a Stand Matters Learning from Other Writers ¦ Suzan Shown Harjo, Last Rites for Indian Dead ¦ Student Essay: Marjorie Lee Garretson, More Pros Than Cons in a Meat-Free Life Learning by Writing The Assignment: Taking a Stand Managing Your Time: Writing an Argument Essay Generating Ideas Learning by Doing Testing Potential Topics Learning by Doing Supporting a Claim Learning by Doing Addressing Counterarguments Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Identifying Types of Appeals Revising and Editing Peer Response Get Feedback on Your Argument Essay Learning by Doing Reflecting on Your Draft Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
9. Proposing a Solution Why Proposing a Solution MattersLearning from Other Writers ¦ Wilbert Rideau, Why Prisons Don’t Work ¦ Student Essay: Lacey Taylor, It’s Not Just a Bike Learning by Writing The Assignment: Proposing a Solution Managing Your Time: Writing a ProposalGenerating Ideas Learning by Doing Describing Your Audience Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Proposing a Solution Revising and Editing Learning by Doing Revising for Clear Organization Peer Response Proposing a Solution Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
10. Evaluating and Reviewing Why Evaluating and Reviewing Matter Learning from Other Writers ¦ Ty Burr, “Oh God, My Eyes”: A Review of “Cats” ¦ Student Essay: Elizabeth Erion, Internship Program Falls Short Learning by Writing The Assignment: Writing an Evaluation Managing Your Time: Writing an Evaluation Generating Ideas Learning by Doing Developing Criteria Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Stating Your Overall Judgment Revising and Editing Peer Response Evaluating and Reviewing Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
11. Supporting a Position with Sources Why Supporting with Sources Matters Learning from Other Writers ¦ Tristram Hunt, Should Museums Return Their Colonial Artifacts? ¦ Student Essay: Abigail Marchand, The Family Dynamic Learning by Writing The Assignment: Supporting a Position with Sources Managing Your Time: Writing a Position Essay with Sources Generating Ideas Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Strengthening Your Position as you Gather Evidence Learning by Doing Avoiding Accidental Plagiarism Revising and Editing Peer Response Get Feedback on Your Position Paper Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
12. Responding to Literature Why Responding to Literature Matters Learning from Other Writers ¦ Jamaica Kincaid, Girl Preparing to Write a Literary Analysis ¦ Student Essay: Autumn Oliver, Being Good in Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” Learning by Writing The Assignment: Analyzing a Literary Work Managing Your Time: Writing a Literary Analysis Generating Ideas Learning by Doing Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem Planning, Drafting, and Developing Learning by Doing Examining Fiction Genres Learning by Doing Developing Your Thesis Peer Response Getting Feedback on Your Literary Analysis Revising and Editing Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
13. Responding to Visual Representations Why Responding to Visual Representations Matters Learning from Another Writer ¦ Student Essay: Logan Sikora, The Attention Test Learning by Writing The Assignment: Writing a Visual Analysis Managing Your Time: Writing a Visual Analysis Generating Ideas Learning by Doing Seeing the Big Picture Learning by Doing Observing Characteristics Learning by Doing Interpreting Meaning Planning, Drafting, and Developing Revising and Editing Reviewing and Reflecting Additional Writing Assignments
Part ThreeA Writer’s Strategies
14. Strategies: A Case Study Generating Ideas Planning, Drafting, and Developing Rough Draft with Peer and Instructor Responses Learning by Doing Responding as a Peer Revising and Editing Part of Revised and Edited Draft ¦ Final Draft for Submission: Nick Catizone, Smartphone Addiction: Which Generations Is to Blame? Reflecting as a Writer Learning by Doing Writing a Reflective Letter Reflective Portfolio Letter
15. Strategies for Generating Ideas Finding Ideas Building from Your Assignment Brainstorming and Freewriting Learning by Doing Brainstorming or Freewriting Doodling or Sketching Mapping Imagining Asking a Reporter’s Questions Learning by Doing Asking a Reporter’s Questions Keeping a Journal Learning by Doing Keeping a Journal Getting Ready to Write Setting Up Circumstances Being Open to Ideas
16. Strategies for Stating a Thesis and Planning Considering Purpose and Audience Stating and Using a Thesis Learning by Doing Identifying Theses How to Discover a Working Thesis How to State and Improve a Thesis Learning by Doing Examining Thesis Statements How to Use a Thesis to Organize Learning by Doing Using a Thesis to Preview Organizing Your Ideas Grouping Your Ideas Outlining Learning by Doing Moving from Outline to Thesis Learning by Doing Outlining
17. Strategies for DraftingMaking a Start Enjoyable Restarting Paragraphing Using Topic Sentences Learning by Doing Shaping Topic Sentences Writing an Opening Learning by Doing Trying Different Methods of Writing an Opening Writing a Conclusion Learning by Doing Evaluating Openings and Conclusions Adding Cues and Connections
18. Strategies for Developing Giving Examples Learning by Doing Giving Examples Providing Details Learning by Doing Providing Details Defining Learning by Doing Developing an Extended Definition Reasoning Inductively and Deductively Analyzing a Process Learning by Doing Analyzing a Process Dividing and Classifying Comparing and Contrasting Learning by Doing Comparing and Contrasting Identifying Causes and Effects Learning by Doing Identifying Causes and Effects
19. Strategies for Revising and Editing Re-viewing and Revising Revising for Purpose and Thesis Revising for Audience Revising for Structure and Support Learning by Doing Tackling Macro Revision Working with a Peer Editor Questions for a Peer Editor Meeting with Your Instructor Revising for Emphasis, Conciseness, and Clarity Stressing What Counts Cutting and Whittling Keeping It Clear Editing and Proofreading Editing Proofreading Learning by Doing Reflecting on Past Grades and Comments
20. Strategies for Creating Presentations and Portfolios Presentations Preparing Presentations Using Visuals Learning from Another Writer: Visuals for an Oral Presentation ¦ STUDENT Presentation: Isabel Thornton, Fast Fashion: The Environmental Consequences of a Disposable Lifestyle Learning by Doing Reflecting on Oral Presentations Portfolios Keeping a Portfolio Understanding Portfolio Assessment Tips for Keeping a Portfolio Learning by Doing Reflecting on This Class
Book 2A WRITER’S READERIntroduction: Reading to Write
21. America ¦ Shankar Vendantam, The Huddled Masses and the Myth of America ¦ Judith Ortiz Cofer, More Room Paired Essays¦ Saša Vujnovic, Challenges of the Gig Economy in the United States ¦ Tom Spriggle, What Does a Worker Want? What the Labor Shortage Really Tells Us
22. Language ¦ James Baldwin, If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is? ¦ Yesenia Padilla, What Does “Latinx” Mean? A Look at the Term That’s Challenging Gender Norms Paired Essays¦ Richard Rodriguez, Public and Private Language ¦ Amy Tan, Mother Tongue
23. Popular Culture ¦ Stephen King, Why We Crave Horror Movies ¦ Kurt Dean Squire and Matthew Gaydos, No, Fortnite Isn’t Rotting Kids’ Brains. It May Even Be Good for Them Paired Essays¦ Jason Johnson, How Stan Lee, Creator of Black Panther, Taught a Generation of Black Nerds about Race, Art, and Activism ¦ Nasim Mansuri, How This Year’s Movies Are Ending Cynicism in Film
24. Inequality ¦ Jeremy Dowsett, What Riding My Bike Has Taught Me about White Privilege ¦ Shanna Kattari, The Health Care Discrimination Transgender and Non-Binary People Face Every Day Paired Essays¦ Rachel Kolb, Seeing at the Speed of Sound ¦ Emily Ladau, Playing the Online Dating Game, in a Wheelchair
25. Gender 000¦ Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Happy Feminist ¦ Brent Staples, Black Men and Public Space Paired Essays¦ Alina Bradford, What Is Transgender? ¦ Amy Harmon, Which Box Do You Check?
Book 3A WRITER’S RESEARCH MANUALIntroduction: The Nature of Research
26. Defining Your Research Project Learning by Doing Reflecting on Research Research Assignments: Working from SourcesThe Research Proposal The Source Evaluation The Annotated Bibliography The Outline The Research Paper Creating a Schedule Choosing a Topic Narrowing Your Topic Turning a Topic into a Question Moving from Research Question to Working Thesis Plan Your Research Sample Assignment: Creating a Research Proposal
27. Finding Sources Searching the Internet Smart Online Searching Learning by Doing Comparing Web Searches Searching the Library Getting to Know the Library Using the Library Catalog Learning by Doing Brainstorming for Search Terms Searching Library Databases Using Specialized Library Resources Finding Sources in the Field Interviewing Observing Using Questionnaires Corresponding Attending Public and Online Events Reconsidering Your Field Sources
28. Evaluating Sources Assessing Reliability Who Is Responsible for the Source? What Type of Source Is It? Is the Source Scholarly or Popular? What Is the Source’s Purpose? When Was the Source Published? Assessing Bias Recognizing Biases across the Political Spectrum Assessing RelevanceConsidering Your Purpose Evaluating Online Sources with Healthy Skepticism Understanding a Site’s Purpose Fighting “Fake News” Recognizing “Clickbait” Distinguishing between News and Advertisements Being Wary of Social Media Authenticating Information Diversifying Your News Sources Reviewing Your Sources Sample Assignment: Preparing a Source Evaluation
29. Working with Sources Managing Your Sources Taking Advantage of Digital Tools Organizing on Paper Keeping a Working Bibliography Sample Assignment: Developing an Annotated Bibliography Learning by Doing Writing an Annotation Taking Notes Reading Actively Quoting Paraphrasing Summarizing Learning by Doing Capturing Information from Sources Citing Sources Identifying the Source Citing the Location of the Source Material Learning by Doing Identifying and Citing Your Sources Integrating Material from Sources Integrating Quotations and Paraphrases Integrating Summaries Synthesizing Ideas and Sources Using Sources Ethically Avoiding Plagiarism
30. Writing a Research Paper Planning with a Thesis Statement Drafting Citing Your Sources as You Draft Beginning and Ending Learning by Doing Focusing with a Reverse Outline Revising and Editing Peer Response Writing Your Research Paper Documenting Sources
31. MLA Style for Documenting Sources Citing Sources in MLA Style Listing Sources in MLA Style A Sample MLA Research Paper
32. APA Style for Documenting Sources Citing Sources in APA Style Listing Sources in APA Style A Sample APA Research Paper
Book 4A WRITER’S HANDBOOKIntroduction: Grammar, or The Way Words Work Learning by Doing Creating an Error Log
33. Basic Grammar 1. Parts of Speech 2. Subjects 3. Verbs, Objects, and Complements Learning by Doing Finding Subjects and Verbs 4. Clauses and Phrases 5. Sentence Structures
34. Grammatical Sentences 6. Sentence Fragments 7. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 8. Verb Form, Tense, and Mood 9. Subject-Verb Agreement 10. Pronoun Case 11. Pronoun Reference 12. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement 13. Adjectives and Adverbs 14. Shifts Learning by Doing Considering Your Rough Draft
35. Effective Sentences 15. Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers 16. Incomplete Sentences 17. Mixed Constructions and Faulty Predication 18. Parallel Structure 19. Coordination and Subordination 20. Sentence Variety 21. Active and Passive Voice Learning by Doing Considering Language
36. Word Choice 22. Appropriateness 23. Exact Words 24. Bias-Free Language 25. Wordiness Learning by Doing Refining Your Wording 26. Commonly Confused Words
37. Punctuation Learning by Doing Tackling Punctuation Patterns 27. End Punctuation 28. Commas 29. Misuses of the Comma 30. Semicolons 31. Colons 32. Apostrophes 33. Quotation Marks 34. Dashes 35. Parentheses, Brackets, and Ellipses
38. Mechanics Learning by Doing Understanding Conventions 36. Abbreviations 37. Capital Letters 38. Numbers 39. Italics 40. Hyphens 41. Spelling
APPENDICES AND OTHER RESOURCES
Quick Format Guide A. Following the Format for an Academic Paper B. Integrating and Crediting Visuals C. Preparing a Document Template D. Solving Common Format Problems E. Designing Other Documents for Your Audience F. Organizing a Résumé and an Application Letter
Quick Research Guide A. Defining Your Quest B. Searching for Recommended Sources C. Evaluating Possible Sources D. Capturing, Introducing, and Citing Evidence Added from Sources E. Citing and Listing Sources in MLA or APA Style
Quick Editing Guide A. Editing for Common Grammar Problems B. Editing to Ensure Effective Sentences C. Editing for Word Choice D. Editing for Common Punctuation Problems E. Editing for Common Mechanics Problems
Index
Correction Symbols
Proofreading Symbols
A Guide to the Handbook
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