Beginning XML, 3rd Edition

by David Hunter; Andrew Watt (XMML.com, Strathdon, Scotland); Jeff Rafter; Jon Duckett; Danny Ayers; Nicholas Chase; Joe Fawcett; Tom Gaven; Bill Patterson

• ISBN13: 9780764570773
• ISBN10: 0764570773
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-09-01
• Publisher: Wrox

Summary

What is this book about?Beginning XML, 3rd Edition, like the first two editions, begins with a broad overview of the technology and then focuses on specific facets of the various specifications for the reader. This book teaches you all you need to know about XML: what it is, how it works, what technologies surround it, and how it can best be used in a variety of situations, from simple data transfer to using XML in your Web pages. It builds on the strengths of the first and second editions, and provides new material to reflect the changes in the XML landscape _ notably RSS and SVG.

Author Biography

David Hunter is a Senior Technical Consultant for CGI, the largest Canadian independent information technology (IT) services firm and the fifth largest in North America.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xxv
Part I: Introduction	1	(88)
What Is XML?	3	(20)
Of Data, Files, and Text	3	(4)
Binary Files	4	(1)
Text Files	5	(1)
A Brief History of Markup	6	(1)
So What Is XML?	7	(11)
What Does XML Buy Us?	10	(3)
HTML and XML: Apples and Red Delicious Apples	13	(1)
Hierarchies of Information	14	(3)
What's a Document Type?	17	(1)
What Is the World Wide Web Consortium?	18	(2)
What Are the Pieces That Make Up XML?	19	(1)
Where Is XML Used, and Where Can It Be Used?	20	(1)
Reducing Server Load	20	(1)
Web Site Content	20	(1)
Remote Procedure Calls	20	(1)
e-Commerce	20	(1)
Summary	21	(1)
Exercise Questions	21	(2)
Question 1	21	(1)
Question 2	21	(2)
Well-Formed XML	23	(42)
Parsing XML	23	(1)
Tags and Text and Elements, Oh My!	24	(14)
Rules for Elements	30	(8)
Attributes	38	(6)
Why Use Attributes?	41	(3)
Comments	44	(3)
Empty Elements	47	(2)
XML Declaration	49	(5)
Encoding	49	(3)
Standalone	52	(2)
Processing Instructions	54	(3)
Is the XML Declaration a Processing Instruction?	55	(2)
Illegal PCDATA Characters	57	(5)
Escaping Characters	58	(1)
CDATA Sections	59	(3)
Errors in XML	62	(1)
Summary	63	(1)
Exercise Questions	63	(2)
Question 1	64	(1)
Question 2	64	(1)
XML Namespaces	65	(24)
Why Do We Need Namespaces?	65	(4)
Using Prefixes	66	(2)
So Why Doesn't XML Just Use These Prefixes?	68	(1)
How XML Namespaces Work	69	(13)
Default Namespaces	72	(6)
Do Different Notations Make Any Difference?	78	(2)
Namespaces and Attributes	80	(2)
What Exactly Are URIs?	82	(4)
URLs	83	(1)
URNs	84	(1)
Why Use URLs for Namespaces, Not URNs?	84	(1)
What Do Namespace URIs Really Mean?	85	(1)
RDDL	85	(1)
When Should I Use Namespaces?	86	(1)
Summary	87	(1)
Exercise Questions	87	(2)
Question 1	87	(1)
Question 2	87	(1)
Question 3	88	(1)
Part II: Validation	89	(168)
Document Type Definitions	91	(58)
Running the Samples	92	(9)
Preparing the Ground	92	(5)
The Document Type Declaration	97	(4)
Sharing Vocabularies	101	(1)
Anatomy of a DTD	102	(43)
Element Declarations	103	(14)
Attribute Declarations	117	(12)
Entities	129	(13)
Notation Declarations	142	(3)
Developing DTDs	145	(1)
DTD Limitations	146	(1)
DTD Syntax	146	(1)
XML Namespaces	146	(1)
Data Typing	146	(1)
Limited Content Model Descriptions	147	(1)
Summary	147	(1)
Exercise Questions	147	(2)
Question 1	147	(1)
Question 2	148	(1)
Question 3	148	(1)
XML Schemas	149	(72)
Benefits of XML Schemas	150	(1)
XML Schemas Use XML Syntax	150	(1)
XML Schema Namespace Support	150	(1)
XML Schema Data Types	150	(1)
XML Schema Content Models	151	(1)
Do We Still Need DTDs?	151	(1)
XML Schemas	151	(56)
The XML Schema Document	152	(1)
Running the Samples	152	(5)
<schema> Declarations	157	(2)
<element> Declarations	159	(10)
<complexType> Declarations	169	(1)
<group> Declarations	170	(2)
Content Models	172	(10)
<attribute> Declarations	182	(6)
<attributeGroup> Declarations	188	(4)
Data Types	192	(8)
<simpleType> Declarations	200	(6)
Creating Elements with <simpleType> Content and Attributes	206	(1)
Creating a Schema from Multiple Documents	207	(9)
<import> Declarations	208	(4)
<include> Declarations	212	(4)
Documenting XML Schemas	216	(3)
Comments	216	(1)
Attributes from Other Namespaces	217	(1)
Annotations	218	(1)
Summary	219	(1)
Exercise Questions	220	(1)
Question 1	220	(1)
Question 2	220	(1)
Question 3	220	(1)
RELAX NG	221	(36)
Basic RELAX NG Patterns	222	(12)
Introduction to Patterns and Element Patterns	222	(3)
Attribute Patterns	225	(2)
Enumerated Values	227	(1)
Co-Occurrence Constraints	228	(1)
Mixed Content Pattern	229	(1)
The Empty Pattern	229	(1)
Connector Patterns and Grouping	230	(1)
The Interleave Pattern	231	(3)
Combining and Reusing Patterns and Grammars	234	(13)
Named Patterns	234	(3)
assignMethod and Combining Named Pattern Definitions	237	(1)
Schema Modularization Using the Include Directive	238	(1)
Redefining Included Named Patterns	239	(1)
Removing Patterns with the notAllowed Pattern	240	(1)
Extending Schemas with Composition	241	(1)
Extensibility in RELAX NG	242	(1)
Nested Grammars and the RELAX NG Grammar Pattern	243	(4)
Additional RELAX NG Features	247	(8)
Namespaces	247	(2)
Name-Classes	249	(3)
Data Types	252	(2)
List Patterns	254	(1)
Comments and Divisions	255	(1)
Useful Resources	255	(1)
Summary	256	(1)
Exercise Questions	256	(1)
Question 1	256	(1)
Question 2	256	(1)
Part III: Processing	257	(72)
XPath	259	(32)
Ways of Looking at an XML Document	260	(1)
Serialized Document	260	(1)
XPath Data Model	261	(1)
The Document Object Model	261	(1)
The XML Information Set	261	(1)
Visualizing XPath	261	(6)
Context	262	(1)
What Is a Node?	263	(3)
XPath 1.0 Types	266	(1)
Abbreviated and Unabbreviated Syntax	267	(1)
XPath 1.0 Axes	268	(14)
Child Axis	269	(1)
attribute Axis	270	(2)
ancestor Axis	272	(1)
ancestor-or-self Axis	273	(1)
descendant Axis	273	(1)
descendant-or-self Axis	274	(1)
following Axis	274	(2)
following-sibling Axis	276	(1)
namespace Axis	276	(3)
parent Axis	279	(1)
preceding Axis	279	(1)
preceding-sibling Axis	280	(1)
self Axis	281	(1)
XPath 1.0 Functions	282	(2)
Boolean Functions	282	(1)
Node-Set Functions	283	(1)
Numeric Functions	283	(1)
String Functions	284	(1)
Predicates	284	(1)
Structure of XPath Expressions	285	(2)
Looking Forward to XPath 2.0	287	(1)
Revised XPath Data Model	288	(1)
W3C XML Schema Data Types	288	(1)
Additional XPath 2.0 Functions	288	(1)
Summary	288	(1)
Exercise Questions	288	(3)
Question 1	289	(1)
Question 2	289	(2)
XSLT	291	(38)
What Is XSLT?	291	(1)
Restructuring XML	292	(1)
Presenting XML Content	292	(1)
How Does an XSLT Processor Work?	292	(1)
Running the Examples	293	(2)
Introducing the Saxon XSLT Processor	293	(1)
Installing the Saxon XSLT Processor	293	(2)
Procedural versus Declarative Programming	295	(2)
Procedural Programming	296	(1)
Declarative Programming	296	(1)
Foundational XSLT Elements	297	(4)
The <xsl:stylesheet> Element	299	(1)
The <xsl:template> Element	300	(1)
The <xsl:apply-templates> Element	300	(1)
Getting Information from the Source Tree	301	(8)
The <xsl:value-of> Element	301	(2)
The <xsl:copy> Element	303	(4)
The <xsl:copy-of> Element	307	(2)
Influencing the Output with the <xsl:output> Element	309	(1)
Conditional Processing	310	(4)
The <xsl:if> Element	310	(1)
The <xsl:choose> Element	311	(3)
The <xsl:for-each> Element	314	(2)
The <xsl:sort> Element	316	(2)
XSLT Modes	318	(5)
XSLT Variables and Parameters	323	(2)
Named Templates and the <xsl:call-template> Element	325	(1)
XSLT Functions	325	(1)
Looking Forward to XSLT 2.0	326	(1)
Summary	326	(1)
Exercise Questions	326	(3)
Question 1	327	(1)
Question 2	327	(2)
Part IV: Databases	329	(72)
XQuery, the XML Query Language	331	(34)
Why XQuery?	332	(3)
Historical Factors	332	(1)
Technical Factors	333	(1)
Current Status	333	(2)
XQuery Tools	335	(3)
Saxon	336	(1)
X-Hive.com Online	337	(1)
X-Hive Database	338	(1)
Tamino Database	338	(1)
SQL Server 2005	338	(1)
Oracle	338	(1)
Some XQuery Examples	338	(14)
Input Functions	339	(1)
Retrieving Nodes	340	(3)
Element Constructors	343	(4)
The XQuery Prolog	347	(2)
Computed Constructors	349	(2)
Syntax	351	(1)
The XQuery Data Model	352	(1)
Shared Data Model with XPath 2.0 and XSLT 2.0	352	(1)
Node Kinds	352	(1)
Sequences cf Node-Sets	352	(1)
Document Order	353	(1)
Comparing Items and Nodes	353	(1)
Types in XQuery	353	(1)
Axes in XQuery	353	(1)
XQuery Expressions	353	(7)
FLWOR Expressions	353	(7)
XQuery Functions	360	(1)
The concat() Function	360	(1)
The count() Function	361	(1)
Using Parameters with XQuery	361	(1)
Proprietary Extensions to XQuery	362	(1)
Insert Functionality	362	(1)
Delete Functionality	363	(1)
Update Functionality	363	(1)
Looking Ahead	363	(1)
Update Functionality (as Part of XQuery)	363	(1)
Full-Text Search	364	(1)
Summary	364	(1)
Exercise Questions	364	(1)
Question 1	364	(1)
Question 2	364	(1)
XML and Databases	365	(36)
The Need for Efficient XML Data Stores	365	(3)
Increase in Amount of XML	366	(1)
Comparing XML-Based Data and Relational Data	367	(1)
Approaches to Storing XML	368	(1)
Producing XML from Relational Databases	368	(1)
Moving XML to Relational Databases	368	(1)
Native XML Databases	368	(1)
Using Native XML Databases	369	(11)
Obtaining and Installing Xindice	370	(4)
Adding Information	374	(4)
Retrieving Information	378	(1)
Searching for Information	379	(1)
Programming Xindice	380	(1)
XML in RDBMS	380	(19)
XML Functionality in SQL Server 2000	381	(8)
XML Functionality in SQL Server ``Yukon''	389	(10)
Choosing a Database to Store XML	399	(1)
Looking Ahead	399	(1)
Summary	399	(1)
Exercise Questions	400	(1)
Question 1	400	(1)
Question 2	400	(1)
Part V: Programming	401	(78)
The XML Document Object Model (DOM)	403	(36)
What Is an XML Document Object Model For?	403	(2)
Interfaces and Objects	404	(1)
The Document Object Model at the W3C	405	(1)
XML DOM Implementations	406	(1)
Two Ways to View DOM Nodes	406	(1)
Overview of the XML DOM	407	(1)
Tools to Run the Examples	408	(4)
The Node Object	412	(22)
Properties of the Node Object	413	(4)
Methods of the Node Object	417	(1)
Loading an XML Document	418	(9)
The NamedNodeMap Object	427	(5)
The NodeList Object	432	(1)
The DOMException Object	432	(2)
The Document Interface	434	(2)
How the XML DOM Is Used in InfoPath 2003	436	(1)
Summary	437	(1)
Exercise Questions	438	(1)
Question 1	438	(1)
Question 2	438	(1)
Simple API for XML (SAX)	439	(40)
What Is SAX and Why Was It Invented?	439	(2)
A Simple Analogy	440	(1)
A Brief History of SAX	440	(1)
Where to Get SAX	441	(1)
Setting Up SAX	442	(1)
Receiving SAX Events	442	(32)
ContentHandler Interface	443	(19)
ErrorHandler Interface	462	(5)
DTDHandler Interface	467	(1)
EntityResolver Interface	467	(1)
Features and Properties	468	(4)
Extension Interfaces	472	(2)
Good SAX and Bad SAX	474	(1)
Consumers, Producers, and Filters	475	(1)
Other Languages	475	(1)
Summary	476	(1)
Exercise Questions	476	(3)
Question 1	477	(1)
Question 2	477	(2)
Part VI: Communication	479	(122)
RSS and Content Syndication	481	(50)
Syndication and Meta Data	481	(15)
Syndication Systems	482	(2)
The Origin of RSS Species	484	(5)
RSS-DEV and RSS 1.0	489	(3)
Userland and RSS 2.0	492	(2)
Atom	494	(2)
Working with News Feeds	496	(2)
Newsreaders	497	(1)
Data Quality	497	(1)
A Simple Aggregator	498	(30)
Modeling Feeds	498	(3)
Program Flow	501	(1)
Implementation	501	(17)
Transforming RSS with XSLT	518	(10)
Useful Resources	528	(1)
Summary	529	(1)
Exercise Questions	530	(1)
Question 1	530	(1)
Question 2	530	(1)
Web Services	531	(28)
What Is an RPC?	531	(2)
RPC Protocols	533	(2)
DCOM	533	(1)
IIOP	534	(1)
Java RMI	535	(1)
The New RPC Protocol: Web Services	535	(14)
XML-RPC	536	(3)
The Network Transport	539	(10)
Taking a REST	549	(3)
The Web Services Stack	552	(5)
SOAP	552	(1)
WSDL	553	(1)
UDDI	554	(1)
Surrounding Specifications	555	(2)
Summary	557	(1)
Exercise Questions	557	(2)
Question 1	557	(1)
Question 2	558	(1)
SOAP and WSDL	559	(42)
Laying the Groundwork	559	(3)
The New RPC Protocol: SOAP	562	(6)
Just RESTing	568	(1)
Basic SOAP Messages	568	(8)
<Envelope>	569	(1)
<Body>	570	(1)
Encoding Style	570	(6)
More Complex SOAP Interactions	576	(11)
<Header>	576	(2)
<Fault>	578	(9)
Defining Web Services: WSDL	587	(11)
<definitions>	588	(8)
Other Bindings	596	(2)
Summary	598	(1)
Exercise Questions	599	(2)
Question 1	599	(1)
Question 2	599	(2)
Part VII: Display	601	(144)
XHTML	603	(26)
Separating Style from Content	604	(1)
Learning XHTML 1.0	605	(17)
The Strict, Transitional, and Frameset DTDs of XHTML 1.0	606	(1)
Basic Changes in Writing XHTML	607	(11)
Stricter Documents Make Faster and Lighter Processors	618	(1)
XHTML Tools	618	(1)
Validating XHTML Documents	619	(1)
Validation Pitfalls	620	(2)
Modularized XHTML	622	(4)
Module Implementations	624	(1)
XHTML 1.1	624	(1)
XHTML Basic	625	(1)
Summary	626	(1)
Exercise Questions	627	(2)
Question 1	628	(1)
Question 2	628	(1)
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)	629	(42)
Why Style Sheets?	630	(1)
Introducing CSS	631	(6)
CSS Properties	632	(1)
Inheritance	633	(4)
Using CSS with XHTML versus Other XML Vocabularies	637	(1)
Attaching the Style Sheet to an XML Document	637	(1)
Selectors	638	(1)
Using CSS for Layout of XML Documents	639	(17)
Understanding the Box Model	640	(4)
Positioning in CSS	644	(12)
Laying Out Tabular Data	656	(2)
Links in XML Documents	658	(4)
XLink Support in Netscape	659	(3)
Forcing Links Using the HTML Namespace	662	(1)
Images in XML Documents	662	(1)
Using CSS to Add Content to Documents	663	(3)
Attribute Content	666	(2)
Attribute Selectors	666	(1)
Using Attribute Values in Documents	666	(2)
Summary	668	(1)
Exercise Questions	669	(2)
Question 1	669	(1)
Question 2	670	(1)
Question 3	670	(1)
Question 4	670	(1)
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)	671	(38)
What Is SVG?	671	(3)
Scalable, Vector, Graphics	672	(1)
Putting SVG to Work	672	(1)
An SVG Toolkit	673	(1)
Getting Started	674	(14)
The Painter's Model	677	(2)
Grouping	679	(1)
Transformations	679	(1)
Paths	680	(3)
Images	683	(1)
Text	683	(1)
Comments, Annotation, and Meta Data	684	(2)
Scripting	686	(2)
SVG on Your Website	688	(1)
Tangram: A Simple Application	688	(14)
XHTML Wrapper	689	(1)
SVG Shapes	690	(4)
Tangram Script	694	(8)
The SVG Specification	702	(4)
Useful Resources	706	(1)
Summary	706	(1)
Exercise Questions	707	(2)
Question 1	707	(1)
Question 2	708	(1)
XForms	709	(36)
How Does XForms Improve on HTML Forms?	709	(1)
XForms Tools	710	(4)
XForms Viewers	710	(3)
XForms Designers	713	(1)
An Illustrative XForms Example	714	(8)
The XForms Model	716	(5)
XML Namespaces in XForms Documents	721	(1)
XForms Form Controls	722	(10)
The xforms:input Element	722	(1)
The xforms:secret Element	723	(1)
The xforms:textarea Element	723	(1)
The xforms:output Element	723	(1)
The xforms:upload Element	724	(1)
The xforms:range Element	724	(1)
The xforms:trigger Element	724	(1)
The xforms:submit Element	724	(1)
The xforms:select Element	725	(1)
The xforms:select1 Element	726	(6)
XForms Model Item Properties	732	(5)
The xforms:bind Element	732	(5)
XForms Events	737	(1)
The XForms Action Module	737	(4)
The xforms:action Element	738	(1)
The xforms:dispatch Element	738	(1)
The xforms:load Element	738	(1)
The xforms:message Element	738	(1)
The xforms:rebuild Element	739	(1)
The xforms:recalculate Element	739	(1)
The xforms:refresh Element	739	(1)
The xforms:reset Element	739	(1)
The xforms:revalidate Element	739	(1)
The xforms:send Element	740	(1)
The xforms:setfocus Element	740	(1)
The xforms:setvalue Element	740	(1)
Developing and Debugging XForms	740	(1)
Commercial Alternatives to XForms	741	(2)
Microsoft InfoPath 2003	741	(1)
Adobe XML/PDF Forms Designer	742	(1)
Summary	743	(1)
Exercise Questions	743	(2)
Question 1	743	(1)
Question 2	743	(2)
Part VIII: Case Studies	745	(54)
Case Study 1: .NET XML Web Services	747	(24)
The XML Web Service	747	(10)
Consuming the Web Service	757	(11)
The Web Page Client	757	(8)
The .NET Client	765	(3)
Summary	768	(3)
Case Study 2: XML and PHP	771	(28)
Elementary Programming in PHP	772	(1)
Basic Information about PHP	773	(14)
Programming Principles	773	(4)
Constants and Variables	777	(2)
Operators	779	(3)
Getting Data from the Browser Screen	782	(3)
Getting Data from a File	785	(2)
Building a Program	787	(10)
Useful Resources	797	(1)
Summary	798	(1)
Part IX: Appendixes	799	(162)
Appendix A: Exercise Solutions	801	(56)
Appendix B: The XML Document Object Model	857	(14)
Appendix C: XPath 1.0 Reference	871	(12)
Appendix D: XSLT 1.0 Reference	883	(28)
Appendix E: XML Schema Element and Attribute Reference	911	(30)
Appendix F: Schema Data Types Reference	941	(20)
Index	961