Behavior Modification in Applied Settings

by Alan E. Kazdin

• ISBN13: 9780534217860
• ISBN10: 0534217869
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1993-10-21
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Covering both applied research and clinical intervention techniques, Kazdin's text will show you how behavior-change principles can affect a wide range of behaviors, including psychological and medical problems, academic performance, self-care skills, and safety. Topics include helping parents and children meet the challenges that emerge over the course of development; fostering behaviors of social concern, such as parenting, child care, education, energy conservation, and traffic safety; fostering behaviors that are effective in preventing, treating, and managing AIDS, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases; and applying behavior modification principles to entire school systems, entire businesses, and so on.

Author Biography

Alan E. Kazdin, Ph.D., is the John M. Musser Professor of Psychology at Yale University, Professor in the Child Study Center (Child Psychiatry) and Director of the Yale Child Conduct Clinic

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
About the Author	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Behavior Modification and its Key Characteristics	p. 3
Two Case Illustrations	p. 8
Foundations of Behavior Modification	p. 15
Contemporary Behavior Modification	p. 25
Summary and Conclusions	p. 29
Principles of Operant Conditioning	p. 33
Contingencies: The ABCs of Behavior	p. 34
Antecedents of Behavior	p. 35
Behaviors	p. 43
Consequences of Behavior	p. 50
Additional Principles and Concepts	p. 59
Summary and Conclusions	p. 63
How to Identify, Define, and Assess Behavior	p. 67
Identifying the Goal of the Programs	p. 68
Defining the Target Behavior	p. 73
Conducting Observations	p. 91
Summary and Conclusions	p. 97
Functional Analysis: From Assessment to Intervention	p. 101
Characteristics and Elements of Functional Analysis	p. 102
Methods of Assessment	p. 105
Hypothesis Testing and Intervention	p. 110
Evaluation and Special Considerations	p. 116
Summary and Conclusions	p. 120
How to Evaluate a Behavior Modification Program	p. 123
Basic Characteristics of Single-Case Designs	p. 125
Single-Case Experimental Designs	p. 130
Group Designs	p. 145
Evaluating the Data	p. 150
Summary and Conclusions	p. 154
Positive and Negative Reinforcement	p. 157
Positive Reinforcement	p. 158
Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Reinforcement	p. 177
Negative Reinforcement	p. 194
Summary and Conclusions	p. 199
Punishment	p. 203
Presentation of Aversive Events	p. 205
Withdrawal of Positive Consequences	p. 210
Punishing Consequences Based on Effort	p. 217
Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Punishment	p. 224
Side Effects of Punishment	p. 229
Characteristics of the Punishment Process	p. 233
Controversy: Punishment and its Use	p. 235
When and How to Use Punishment	p. 238
Summary and Conclusions	p. 240
Extinction	p. 243
Extinction of Positively Reinforced Behavior	p. 244
Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of Extinction	p. 245
Characteristics of the Extinction Process	p. 249
Applications of Extinction	p. 253
When and How to Use Extinction	p. 257
Extinction of Negatively Reinforced Behavior	p. 259
Summary and Conclusions	p. 263
Special Technique Variations to Enhance Performance	p. 267
Rechecking the Contingencies and Their Implementation	p. 269
Contingency Contracts	p. 280
Group-Based Programs	p. 286
Peer-Administered Contingencies	p. 293
Summary and Conclusions	p. 297
Self-Control Techniques	p. 301
Interest in Self-Control	p. 302
Techniques of Self-Control	p. 307
Strengths and Limitations	p. 327
Summary and Conclusions	p. 330
Cognitively Based Treatment	p. 333
Background	p. 335
Treatment of Distorted or Deficient Thought Processes	p. 338
Imagery-Based Treatments	p. 349
Modeling	p. 356
Combined Techniques	p. 358
Current Status and Issues	p. 362
Summary and Conclusions	p. 366
Response Maintenance and Transfer of Training	p. 369
Response Maintenance	p. 372
Transfer of Training	p. 373
Programming Response Maintenance and Transfer	p. 374
Summary and Conclusions	p. 392
Social, Ethical, and Legal Contexts	p. 395
The Social Context of Treatment	p. 396
Ethical and Legal Contexts	p. 411
Least-Restrictive-Alternative Doctrine	p. 416
Ethical Guidelines and Protection of Client Rights	p. 420
Summary and Conclusions	p. 425
Current Issues and Future Directions	p. 429
Scope of Applications	p. 430
Challenges and Contexts	p. 432
Current Directions in Intervention Research	p. 440
Closing Comments	p. 446
Glossary	p. 449
References	p. 467
Author Index	p. 493
Subject Index	p. 501
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