Behavioral Genetics

by Plomin, Robert; DeFries, John C.; McClearn, Gerald E.; McGuffin, Peter

• ISBN13: 9780716751595
• ISBN10: 0716751593
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-11-15
• Publisher: Worth Publishers

Summary

Behavioral Genetics,Fourth Editionprovides an engaging and clear overview of human and animal behavioral genetics that is designed to introduce students in the behavioral, biological, and social sciences to the field. With the addition of new chapters, thorough updating, and a new co-author, this latest edition represents the definitive introduction to behavioral genetics: the crossroads where the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and genetics intersect.

Author Biography

Robert Plomin is professor of behavioral genetics at the Institute of Psychiatry in London John C. DeFries is professor of psychology University of Colorado, Boulder Gerald E. McClearn is Evan Pugh Professor in the at Pennsylvania State University, University Park Peter McGuffin is director of the Medical Research Council (UK) Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London

Table of Contents

About the Authors	xv
Preface	xvii
Overview	1	(5)
Mendel's Laws of Heredity	6	(14)
Mendel's First Law of Heredity	7	(7)
Huntington's Disease	8	(1)
Phenylketonuria	9	(1)
Gregor Mendel's Luck	10	(3)
How Do We Know That 1 in 50 People Are Carriers for PKU?	13	(1)
Mendel's Second Law of Heredity	14	(4)
Summary	18	(2)
Beyond Mendel's Laws	20	(21)
Genes on the X Chromosome	20	(3)
Other Exceptions to Mendel's Laws	23	(5)
New Mutations	23	(1)
Changes in Chromosomes	23	(2)
Expanded Triplet Repeats	25	(1)
Genomic Imprinting	26	(2)
Complex Traits	28	(5)
Schizophrenia	29	(1)
General Cognitive Ability	30	(1)
Pea Size	31	(2)
Multiple-Gene Inheritance	33	(2)
Quantitative Genetics	35	(5)
Liability-Threshold Model of Disorders	38	(2)
Summary	40	(1)
DNA: The Basis of Heredity	41	(20)
DNA	41	(6)
The ``Central Dogma'' of Molecular Genetics	44	(3)
Gene Regulation	47	(2)
Mutations	49	(2)
Detecting Polymorphisms	51	(4)
DNA Markers	52	(3)
Chromosomes	55	(4)
Summary	59	(2)
Nature, Nurture, and Behavior	61	(32)
Genetic Experiments to Investigate Animal Behavior	62	(10)
Selection Studies	65	(3)
Inbred Strain Studies	68	(4)
Investigating the Genetics of Human Behavior	72	(13)
Adoption Designs	72	(1)
Close-Up	73	(2)
Lindon Eaves
Twin Design	75	(1)
The First Adoption Study of Schizophrenia	76	(2)
Issues in Adoption Studies	78	(2)
Close-Up	80	(1)
Nancy Pedersen
The Twin Method	81	(1)
Combination Designs	82	(1)
Close-Up	83	(2)
Nick Martin
Heritability	85	(8)
Interpreting Heritability	87	(4)
Equality	91	(1)
Summary	92	(1)
Identifying Genes	93	(23)
Animal Behavior	94	(9)
Induced Mutations	95	(3)
Quantitative Trait Loci	98	(1)
Close-Up	99	(4)
Jonathan Flint
Synteny Homology	103	(1)
Human Behavior	103	(10)
Linkage	105	(1)
Association	106	(1)
Close-Up	106	(1)
Peter Propping
Affected Sib-Pair Linkage Design	107	(1)
Within-Family Tests of Association	108	(3)
Genetic Counseling	111	(1)
GATTACA?	112	(1)
Ethics and the Future	113	(1)
Summary	113	(3)
Neurogenetics	116	(16)
Induced Mutations	116	(2)
Circadian Rhythms	118	(2)
Learning and Memory	120	(2)
Close-Up	122	(1)
Tim Tully
Targeted Mutations	122	(4)
Close-Up	124	(2)
Jeanne Wehner
Antisense DNA	126	(1)
``Chips'' for DNA Expression	127	(1)
Naturally Occurring Genetic Variation	127	(1)
Functional Genomics	128	(2)
Human Neurogenetics	130	(1)
Summary	130	(2)
Cognitive Disabilities	132	(24)
Mental Retardation: Quantitative Genetics	133	(2)
Mental Retardation: Single-Gene Disorders	135	(3)
Phenylketonuria	135	(1)
Fragile X Syndrome	136	(2)
Rett Syndrome	138	(1)
Other Single-Gene Disorders	138	(3)
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	138	(1)
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome	138	(1)
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)	139	(2)
Mental Retardation: Chromosomal Abnormalities	141	(4)
Down Syndrome	142	(1)
Sex Chromosome Abnormalities	143	(2)
Learning Disorders	145	(3)
Close-Up	148	(1)
Shelley Smith
Communication Disorders	148	(1)
Dementia	149	(5)
DF Extremes Analysis	150	(4)
Summary	154	(2)
General Cognitive Ability	156	(28)
Historical Highlights	158	(8)
Animal Research	159	(3)
Francis Galton	162	(2)
Human Research	164	(2)
Overview of Genetic Research	166	(7)
Genetic Influence	166	(1)
Close-Up	167	(2)
Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr.
Environmental Influence	169	(1)
Assortative Mating	169	(1)
Nonadditive Genetic Variance	170	(3)
Developmental Research	173	(6)
Does Heritability Change During Development?	173	(4)
Do Genetic Factors Contribute to Developmental Change?	177	(2)
Identifying Genes	179	(3)
Summary	182	(2)
Specific Cognitive Abilities	184	(20)
Broad Factors of Specific Cognitive Abilities	184	(8)
Close-Up	192	(1)
Stephen A. Petrill
Information-Processing Measures	192	(3)
Multivariate Genetic Analysis: Levels of Processing	195	(3)
School Achievement	198	(3)
Close-Up	199	(2)
Juko Ando
Identifying Genes	201	(1)
Summary	202	(2)
Psychopathology	204	(30)
Schizophrenia	204	(13)
Family Studies	205	(1)
The Beginnings of Psychiatric Genetics	206	(2)
Close-Up	208	(1)
Irving I. Gottesman
Twin Studies	209	(1)
Adoption Studies	210	(3)
Schizophrenia or Schizophrenias?	213	(1)
Close-Up	214	(1)
Kenneth S. Kendler
Identifying Genes	215	(2)
Mood Disorders	217	(5)
Family Studies	217	(2)
Twin Studies	219	(1)
Adoption Studies	220	(1)
Identifying Genes	221	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	222	(2)
Other Disorders	224	(2)
Disorders of Childhood	226	(4)
Autism	226	(1)
Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders	227	(1)
Close-Up	228	(1)
Anita Thapar
Other Disorders	229	(1)
Co-Occurrence of Disorders	230	(2)
Summary	232	(2)
Personality and Personality Disorders	234	(24)
Self-Report Questionnaires	235	(3)
Other Measures of Personality	238	(3)
Close-Up	240	(1)
Rainer Riemann
Other Findings	241	(3)
Situations	241	(1)
Development	242	(1)
Nature-Nurture Interplay	242	(1)
Close-Up	243	(1)
Hill Goldsmith
Personality and Social Psychology	244	(4)
Relationships	244	(1)
Close-Up	245	(1)
Michael Bailey
Self-Esteem	246	(1)
Attitudes and Interests	246	(2)
Personality Disorders	248	(2)
Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminal Behavior	250	(4)
Identifying Genes	254	(2)
Summary	256	(2)
Health Psychology and Aging	258	(21)
Health Psychology	258	(15)
Close-Up	259	(1)
John K. Hewitt
Body Weight and Obesity	259	(2)
Close-Up	261	(3)
Dorret Boomsma
Addictions	264	(1)
Close-Up	265	(5)
Matt McGue
Close-Up	270	(3)
John Crabbe
Stress and Cardiovascular Risk	273	(1)
Psychology and Aging	274	(3)
Summary	277	(2)
Evolution	279	(17)
Charles Darwin	279	(6)
Population Genetics	285	(2)
Evolutionary Psychology	287	(7)
Close-Up	290	(2)
David M. Buss
Survival of the Prettiest?	292	(2)
Summary	294	(2)
Environment	296	(23)
Nonshared Environment	297	(9)
The Nurture Assumption	298	(2)
Estimating Nonshared Environment	300	(1)
Identifying Specific Nonshared Environment	301	(2)
Identifying Specific Nonshared Environment That Predicts Psychology Outcomes	303	(1)
Implications	304	(2)
Genotype-Environment Correlation	306	(8)
The Nature of Nurture	306	(1)
Close-Up	307	(2)
David Rowe
Three Types of Genotype-Environment Correlation	309	(1)
Three Methods to Detect Genotype-Environment Correlation	310	(3)
Implications	313	(1)
Genotype-Environment Interaction	314	(3)
Identifying Genes for Experience	317	(1)
Summary	317	(2)
Behavioral Genetics in the Twenty-first Century	319	(8)
Quantitative Genetics	319	(3)
Molecular Genetics	322	(1)
Nature and Nurture	323	(4)
APPENDIX Statistical Methods in Behavioral Genetics	327	(46)
Box A. 1 Behavioral Genetic Interactive Modules	328	(1)
Close-Up	329	(1)
Shaun Purcell
Variance	329	(4)
Individual Differences	329	(1)
Populations and Samples	329	(1)
Descriptive Statistics	330	(1)
The Mean	330	(1)
Variance	331	(1)
Standardized Scores	332	(1)
Covariance	333	(4)
Variance of a Sum	337	(1)
Correlation and Regression	337	(2)
Matrices	339	(3)
A Single-Gene Model	342	(3)
Alleles and Genotypes	342	(1)
Genotypic Values	343	(1)
Additive Effects	343	(1)
Dominance Deviation	343	(2)
Polygenic Model	345	(1)
Phenotypic Values and Variance Components Model	345	(2)
Environmental Variation	346	(1)
Families	347	(4)
Genetic Relatedness in Families	348	(1)
Heritability	349	(2)
Model Fitting	351	(8)
Model Fitting on Twin Data	352	(2)
An Example	354	(1)
A Problem!	355	(1)
ACE Model	356	(3)
Path Analysis	359	(2)
Multivariate Analysis	361	(5)
Complex Effects	366	(2)
Extremes Analysis	368	(1)
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci	369	(4)
Linkage and Association	369	(1)
Variance components Model of Linkage	369	(2)
QTL Association in Families	371	(2)
Glossary	373	(8)
References	381	(52)
Web Sites	433	(2)
Name Index	435	(10)
Subject Index	445