Berry & Kohn's Operating Room Technique

by Phillips

• ISBN13: 9780323019804
• ISBN10: 0323019803
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780323009683
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-24
• Publisher: Mosby
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

For 46 years Berry & Kohn's Operating Room Technique has been the text of choice for understanding basic surgical principles and techniques. It is commonly used as a text for either surgical technology or perioperative nursing courses or an educational reference for practicing surgical technologists, perioperative nurses, and in-service training for perioperative professionals. It covers the foundations of surgical techniques in a step-by-step format to enable the perioperative learner to effectively apply basic principles to practice, and focuses on the physiologic and psychologic needs of the patients to provide guidelines for planning and implementing comprehensive, individualized care. It also reviews the most commonly performed surgical procedures to help the reader see and apply surgical techniques and emphasizes teamwork among perioperative caregivers to encourage cooperation in attaining positive patient care outcomes. Covers the foundations of surgical techniques in a step-by-step format to enable the perioperative learner to effectively apply basic principles to practice. Focuses on the physiologic and psychologic needs of the patients to provide guidelines for planning and implementing comprehensive, individualized care. Reviews the most commonly performed surgical procedures to help the learner see and apply surgical techniques. Discusses perioperative patient care for both inpatient and ambulatory procedures to highlight considerations based on the setting as well as the surgical procedure. Emphasizes teamwork among perioperative caregivers to encourage cooperation in attaining positive patient care outcomes. Provides detailed information about the fundamentals of perioperative nursing and surgical technology roles in practice. The Surgical First Assistant (Chapter 5) provides an understanding of this increasing role in surgical practice for both the Surgical Technologist and the Perioperative Nurse. Surgical Pharmacology (Chapter 23) focuses on the most common drugs and their interactions encountered during surgical procedures. Expanded content on PeriAnesthesia Care and Endoscopic Surgery, including minimally invasive and minimal access surgical procedures. Dedicated website to provide educational links to perioperative resources for instructors and to provide learning resources for students such as Critical Thinking Case Studies and Activities designed to test content knowledge and critical thinking skills.

Table of Contents

Fundamentals of Theory and Practice
Perioperative Education	p. 1
Historical Background	p. 1
The Art and Science of Surgery	p. 1
Perioperative Learner	p. 2
Perioperative Educator	p. 4
Learning Resources	p. 6
Application of Theory to Practice	p. 8
Expected Behaviors of Perioperative Caregivers	p. 8
Realities of Clinical Practice	p. 10
Foundations of Perioperative Patient Care Standards	p. 13
Historical Background	p. 13
Patient Rights	p. 14
Accountability	p. 15
Standardization of Patient Care	p. 15
Professionalism	p. 16
Professional Perioperative Nursing	p. 17
Nursing Process	p. 17
Standards of Perioperative Nursing Practice	p. 19
Clinical Competency of the Perioperative Nurse	p. 23
Scope of Perioperative Nursing Practice	p. 23
Surgical Technology	p. 23
Standards of Practice for Surgical Technologists	p. 24
Clinical Competency of the Surgical Technologist	p. 24
Credentialing of Caregivers	p. 25
Continuous Performance Evaluation and Improvement	p. 26
Sentinel Events and Performance Improvement	p. 27
Legal and Ethical Issues	p. 29
Historical Background	p. 29
Legal Issues	p. 29
Liability	p. 30
Consent	p. 33
Documentation of Perioperative Patient Care	p. 35
Legal Aspects of Drugs and Medical Devices	p. 38
The Standard of Care and Professional Ethics	p. 39
Recommended Practices	p. 41
Ethical Issues	p. 44
Bioethical Situations	p. 45
Surgical Conscience	p. 48
The Perioperative Patient Care Team
The Perioperative Patient Care Team	p. 50
Historical Background	p. 50
Dependence of the Patient on the Qualified Team	p. 50
Perioperative Patient Care Team	p. 51
Nonsterile Team Members	p. 51
Sterile Team Members	p. 53
The Surgical First Assistant	p. 56
Historical Background	p. 56
First Assistant's Knowledge and Skill Level	p. 56
What Does the First Assistant Do?	p. 57
Disciplines Associated with First Assisting in Surgery	p. 62
Administration of Perioperative Patient Care Services	p. 73
Establishing Administrative Roles	p. 73
Interdepartmental Relationships	p. 77
Patient Care Departments	p. 77
Patient Services Departments	p. 78
Departmental Service Divisions	p. 78
Coordination through Committees	p. 80
Surgical Services Management	p. 83
Budgeting and Financial Responsibility	p. 85
New Product and Equipment Evaluation	p. 86
The Patient as a Unique Individual
The Patient: The Reason for Your Existence	p. 88
Historical Background	p. 88
Patient-Centered Care	p. 88
Patients with Special Needs	p. 92
The Patient with Cancer	p. 101
Historical Background	p. 101
Potential Causes of Cancer	p. 101
Clinical Signs and Symptoms	p. 104
Curative versus Palliative Therapy	p. 105
Adjuvant Therapy	p. 106
Surgical Resection	p. 106
Endocrine Therapy	p. 107
Photodynamic Therapy	p. 107
Radiation Therapy	p. 108
Chemotherapy	p. 112
Immunotherapy	p. 116
Hyperthermia	p. 117
Future of Oncology	p. 117
Chronic and Terminal Illnesses	p. 118
Perioperative Pediatrics	p. 119
Indications for Surgery	p. 119
Considerations in Perioperative Pediatrics	p. 121
Perioperative Assessment of the Pediatric Patient	p. 121
Preoperative Psychologic Preparation of Pediatric Patients	p. 126
Pediatric Anesthesia	p. 128
Intraoperative Pediatric Patient Care Considerations	p. 132
Common Surgical Procedures	p. 134
Postoperative Pediatric Patient Care	p. 153
Perioperative Geriatrics	p. 155
Perspectives on Aging	p. 155
Perioperative Assessment of the Geriatric Patient	p. 158
Intraoperative Considerations	p. 176
Postoperative Considerations	p. 177
The Perioperative Environment
Physical Facilities	p. 178
Historical Background	p. 178
Physical Layout of the Surgical Suite	p. 178
Transition Zones	p. 182
Peripheral Support Areas	p. 183
Operating Room	p. 185
Special Procedure Rooms	p. 191
Ambulatory Surgery Centers	p. 192
Historical Background	p. 192
Ambulatory Surgery Programs	p. 193
The Ambulatory Surgical Patient	p. 195
Perioperative Documentation	p. 201
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ambulatory Surgery	p. 202
Performance Improvement for Ambulatory Services	p. 202
Care of the Perioperative Environment	p. 204
Historical Background	p. 204
Establishing the Perioperative Environment	p. 204
Room Turnover between Patients	p. 205
Daily Terminal Cleaning	p. 208
Potential Sources of Injury to the Caregiver and the Patient	p. 211
Historical Background	p. 211
Environmental Hazards	p. 211
Physical Hazards and Safeguards	p. 214
Chemical Hazards and Safeguards	p. 222
Biologic Hazards and Safeguards	p. 224
Risk Management	p. 227
Surgical Asepsis and Sterile Technique
Microbiologic Considerations	p. 229
Historical Background	p. 229
Microorganisms: Nonpathogens versus Pathogens	p. 230
Types of Pathogenic Microorganisms	p. 233
Antimicrobial Therapy	p. 244
Principles of Asepsis and Sterile Technique	p. 247
What Is the Difference between Asepsis and Sterile Technique?	p. 247
Historical Background	p. 248
Transmission of Microorganisms	p. 249
Human-Borne Sources of Contamination	p. 249
Nonhuman Factors in Contamination	p. 250
Sources of Infection	p. 251
Aseptic Technique and Environmental Controls	p. 251
Standard Precautions	p. 254
Application of Sterile Technique	p. 256
Principles of Sterile Technique	p. 257
No Compromise of Sterility	p. 262
Attire, Surgical Scrub, Gowning, and Gloving	p. 263
Historical Background	p. 263
Appropriate Operating Room Attire	p. 264
Surgical Scrub and Hand Cleansing	p. 270
Gowning and Gloving	p. 273
Decontamination and Disinfection	p. 281
Instrument Cleaning and Decontamination	p. 281
Repairing or Restoring versus Replacing Instruments	p. 285
Disinfection of Items Used in Patient Care	p. 286
Methods of Disinfection	p. 287
Disposable Products	p. 293
Sterilization	p. 297
Historical Background	p. 297
Sterilization versus Disinfection	p. 297
Sterilization	p. 297
Assembly of Instrument Sets	p. 299
Packaging Instruments and Other Items for Sterilization	p. 301
Thermal Sterilization	p. 304
Chemical Sterilization	p. 312
Radiation Sterilization	p. 319
Control Measures	p. 319
Custom Packs	p. 321
Surgical Instrumentation and Equipment
Surgical Instrumentation	p. 324
Historical Background	p. 324
Fabrication of Metal Instruments	p. 324
Classification of Instruments	p. 326
Handling Instruments	p. 339
Specialized Surgical Equipment	p. 343
Electrosurgery	p. 343
Historical Background	p. 343
Laser Surgery	p. 347
Historical Background	p. 348
Microsurgery	p. 355
Historical Background	p. 356
Ultrasonosurgery	p. 362
Integrated Technologies	p. 362
Preoperative Patient Care
Preoperative Preparation of the Patient	p. 364
Historical Background	p. 364
Hospitalized Patient	p. 364
Preoperative Preparation of all Patients	p. 365
Transportation to the Operating Room Suite	p. 375
Admission to the Operating Room Suite	p. 376
Diagnostic Procedures	p. 380
Historical Background	p. 380
Patient Care Considerations for Diagnostic Procedures	p. 381
Pathologic Examination	p. 381
Radiologic Examination	p. 383
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 389
Nuclear Medicine Studies	p. 389
Ultrasonography	p. 390
Sensory Evoked Potential	p. 392
Plethysmography	p. 392
Endoscopy	p. 392
Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Surgical Pharmacology	p. 394
Historical Background	p. 394
Pharmacology Baselines	p. 394
Considerations in Surgical Pharmacology	p. 396
Surgical Drug and Pharmaceutical Sources	p. 398
Pharmacologic Forms Used in Surgery	p. 398
Anesthesia: Techniques and Agents	p. 401
Historical Background	p. 401
Types of Anesthesia	p. 402
Choice of Anesthesia	p. 403
Anesthesia State	p. 403
Knowledge of Anesthetics	p. 403
General Anesthesia	p. 404
Balanced Anesthesia	p. 418
Controlled Homeostasis	p. 418
Care of the Anesthetized Patient	p. 420
Care of General Anesthesia Equipment	p. 422
Local and Regional Anesthesia	p. 423
Historical Background	p. 424
Preparation of the Patient	p. 424
Intraoperative Patient Care	p. 425
Local Anesthesia	p. 425
Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia	p. 427
Techniques of Administration of Local or Regional Anesthesia	p. 433
Actions of Local and Regional Anesthetics	p. 435
Complications of Local and Regional Anesthesia	p. 437
Alternatives to Conventional Anesthesia	p. 440
Intraoperative Patient Care
Coordinated Roles of the Scrub Person and the Circulator	p. 443
Division of Duties	p. 443
Setting up the Room	p. 443
Scrub Person Duties	p. 446
Circulator Duties	p. 454
Sponge, Sharps, and Instrument Counts	p. 460
Sponges	p. 462
Sharps	p. 464
Instruments	p. 465
Efficiency of the Operating Room Team	p. 465
Positioning, Prepping, and Draping the Patient	p. 470
Historical Background	p. 470
Preliminary Considerations	p. 470
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations	p. 476
Equipment for Positioning	p. 477
Surgical Positions	p. 483
Modifications for Individual Patient Needs	p. 491
Physical Preparation and Draping of the Surgical Site	p. 491
Principles of Patient Skin Preparation	p. 494
Preliminary Preparation of the Patient's Skin	p. 494
Antiseptic Skin Cleansing Fundamentals	p. 495
Antiseptic Solutions	p. 497
Skin Preparation for Specific Anatomic Areas	p. 498
Documentation	p. 501
Draping	p. 502
Draping Materials	p. 502
Style/Type of Drapes	p. 504
Principles of Draping	p. 505
Procedures for Draping the Patient	p. 506
Draping of Equipment	p. 509
Plastic Isolator	p. 510
Physiologic Maintenance and Monitoring of the Perioperative Patient	p. 512
Historical Background	p. 512
Monitoring Physiologic Functions	p. 513
Surgical Site Management
Hemostasis and Wound Closure	p. 528
Historical Background	p. 528
Hemostasis	p. 529
Wound Closure	p. 537
Wound Healing	p. 560
Historical Background	p. 560
Anatomy and Physiology of Body Tissues	p. 561
Mechanism of Wound Healing	p. 564
Types of Wounds	p. 565
Factors Influencing Wound Healing	p. 568
Wound Management	p. 571
Complications of Wound Healing	p. 576
Postoperative Wound Infections	p. 577
Wound Assessment	p. 578
Basic Wound Care	p. 580
Perianesthesia and Postprocedural Patient Care
Postoperative Patient Care	p. 581
Historical Background	p. 581
Postanesthesia Care	p. 581
Admission to the Postanesthesia Care Unit	p. 583
Discharge from the Postanesthesia Care Unit	p. 585
Death of a Patient in the Operating Room	p. 586
Potential Perioperative Complications	p. 588
Historical Background	p. 588
Respiratory Complications	p. 589
Cardiovascular Complications	p. 592
Intravenous Cardiovascular Drugs	p. 598
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	p. 602
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances	p. 606
Blood Volume Complications	p. 608
Shock	p. 615
Metabolic Crises	p. 616
Physiologic Injury	p. 620
Surgical Specialties
Endoscopic Surgery	p. 622
Historical Background	p. 622
Eight Essential Elements of Endoscopy	p. 623
Knowledge and Skill for a Safe Endoscopic Environment	p. 629
Types of Endoscopic Procedures	p. 629
Laparoscopic Procedure	p. 630
Hazards of Endoscopy	p. 631
Care of Endoscopes	p. 631
Considerations for Patient Safety	p. 633
Duties of the Assistant for Flexible Endoscopy	p. 633
General Surgery	p. 635
Historical Background	p. 635
Special Considerations for General Surgery	p. 636
Breast Procedures	p. 637
Abdominal Surgery	p. 641
Biliary Tract Procedures	p. 644
Liver Procedures	p. 649
Splenic Procedures	p. 651
Pancreatic Procedures	p. 651
Esophageal Procedures	p. 652
Gastrointestinal Surgery	p. 653
Gastric Procedures	p. 654
Intestinal Procedures	p. 658
Colorectal Procedures	p. 664
Abdominal Trauma	p. 665
Complications of Abdominal Surgery	p. 666
Anorectal Procedures	p. 666
Excision of Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses	p. 667
Hernia Procedures	p. 668
Amputation of Extremities	p. 669
Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery	p. 672
Historical Background	p. 672
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System	p. 673
Gynecology: General Considerations	p. 676
Diagnostic Techniques	p. 677
Vulvar Procedures	p. 682
Vaginal Procedures	p. 683
Abdominal Procedures	p. 687
Perioperative Obstetrics	p. 691
Assisted Reproduction	p. 698
Nonobstetric Surgical Procedures and the Pregnant Patient	p. 700
Urologic Surgery	p. 706
Historical Background	p. 706
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System	p. 706
Special Features of Urologic Surgery	p. 709
Surgical Procedures of the Genitourinary System	p. 715
Male Reproductive Organs	p. 728
Endocrine Glands	p. 737
Transsexual Surgery (Sex Reassignment)	p. 737
Postoperative Complications of Urologic Surgery	p. 739
Orthopedic Surgery	p. 740
Historical Background	p. 740
Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System	p. 741
Special Features of Orthopedic Surgery	p. 744
Extremity Procedures	p. 750
Fractures	p. 751
Joint Procedures	p. 755
Repair of Tendons and Ligaments	p. 761
Vertebral Surgery	p. 762
Cast Application	p. 762
Complications after Orthopedic Surgery	p. 765
Neurosurgery	p. 767
Historical Background	p. 767
Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain and Spinal Cord	p. 768
Special Considerations in Neurosurgery	p. 772
Surgical Procedures of the Cranium	p. 777
Surgical Procedures of the Spine	p. 784
Peripheral Nerve Surgery	p. 791
Ophthalmic Surgery	p. 793
Historical Background	p. 793
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye	p. 794
Ophthalmic Surgical Patient Care	p. 795
Special Features of Ophthalmic Surgery	p. 796
Ocular Surgical Procedures	p. 797
Eye Injuries	p. 809
Ophthalmic Lasers	p. 811
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	p. 812
Historical Background	p. 812
Special Features of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	p. 812
Skin and Tissue Grafting	p. 814
Head and Neck Plastic and Reconstructive Procedures	p. 822
Plastic and Reconstructive Procedures of Other Body Areas	p. 825
Otorhinolaryngologic and Head and Neck Surgery	p. 837
Historical Background	p. 837
General Considerations in Ear, Nose, and Throat Procedures	p. 837
Ear	p. 839
Nose	p. 844
Oral Cavity and Throat	p. 848
Neck	p. 852
Face	p. 861
Thoracic Surgery	p. 866
Historical Background	p. 866
Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax	p. 866
Special Features of Thoracic Surgery	p. 868
Thoracic Surgical Procedures	p. 874
Chest Trauma	p. 877
Intrathoracic Esophageal Procedures	p. 877
Complications of Thoracic Surgery	p. 878
Cardiac Surgery	p. 879
Historical Background	p. 879
Anatomy of the Heart and Great Vessels	p. 880
Physiology of the Heart	p. 881
Special Features of Cardiac Surgery	p. 883
Cardiac Surgical Procedures	p. 890
Vascular Surgery	p. 902
Historical Background	p. 902
Anatomy and Physiology of the Vascular System	p. 902
Vascular Disease	p. 905
Diagnostic Procedures	p. 905
Special Features of Vascular Surgery	p. 907
Conservative Interventional Techniques	p. 910
Vascular Surgical Procedures	p. 912
Organ Procurement and Transplantation	p. 921
Historical Background	p. 921
Types of Transplants	p. 922
Tissue Transplantation	p. 922
Organ Transplantation	p. 924
Index	p. 943
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.