Between a Rock and a Hard Place

by Igoe, Jim; Kelsall, Tim

• ISBN13: 9781594600173
• ISBN10: 1594600171
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-01
• Publisher: Carolina Academic Press

Summary

"This book helps to explain the widespread enthusiasm for African NGOs during the 1990s, and why it has waned in recent years. It does so through a fine-grained analysis of NGO and community dynamics, presented in the context of a broader theoretical discussion of the global transformations that contributed to the explosion of NGOs. This empirically rich multi-scaled analysis makes this book unique - not only as a volume of NGO case studies, but also as an experiment of applied social science in the context of globalization."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Editors and Contributors	xv
Chapter 1 Introduction: Between a Rock and a Hard Place,
Jim Igoe and Tim Kelsall	1	(34)
The Wake of Africa's NGO Revolution?	1	(3)
The Global Associational Revolution and the Rise and Fall of African NGOs	4	(6)
Theoretical Perspectives	10	(9)
The Liberal Project and African NGOs	10	(6)
The NGO Industry's Auto-Critique	16	(3)
Toward an Ethnography of NGOs and Civil Society in Africa	19	(8)
NGO Myths and Normative Perspectives	19	(1)
Ethnographic Approaches	20	(2)
Civil Society	22	(5)
Conclusion	27	(1)
Works Cited	28	(7)
Chapter 2 Studying Democratization in Africa: A Case Study of Human Rights NGOs in Zimbabwe,
Sara Rich Dorman	35	(28)
Introduction	35	(1)
Methodological Issues	36	(2)
Democratization = Civil Society = NGOs?	38	(3)
Problematizing Voluntarism and Professionalization	41	(13)
Impact of Professionalization and Growth on ZimRights	43	(9)
Understanding ZimRights' Collapse	52	(2)
Pragmatic Decision-Making	54	(2)
Conclusion: Pathologizing versus Romanticizing	56	(3)
Works Cited	59	(4)
Chapter 3 Transcending Politics Through the Kingdom of God and Free Markets: A Case Study of Religious NGOs in Zimbabwe,
Erica Bornstein	63	(30)
Introduction	63	(2)
Theorizing NGOs in Zimbabwe	65	(3)
Ambiguous Loyalties, Categorical Uncertainties, Ethnographic Challenges	68	(6)
Religious NGOs, Churches, and State Attempts to Control Them	74	(4)
The Kingdom of God and Neo-liberal Economics	78	(8)
Conclusion	86	(1)
Works Cited	87	(6)
Chapter 4 Leader in the Human Rights Sector: The Paradoxical Institutionalization of a Kenyan NGO,
Marie-Emmanuelle Pommerolle	93	(22)
Introduction	93	(2)
A Sociology of Actors: Successive Generations of Opponents	95	(2)
A Sociology of Action: External Shocks, Internal Struggles and Changes of Strategies	97	(4)
Confrontation or Cooperation	99	(2)
A Sociology of Ideas: Nationalizing Human Rights and Asserting Political Independence	101	(10)
Defining the cause	102	(5)
Institutionalization and Politicization	107	(4)
Conclusion: Remaining Autonomous When One's Allies are in Power	111	(1)
Works Cited	111	(4)
Chapter 5 Power and Force in Tanzanian Civil Society: The Story of Barabaig NGOs in the Hanang Community Development Project,
Jim Igoe	115	(32)
NGOs, Civil Society, and the Ethnography of Anti-Politics in Tanzania	115	(5)
A Socio-Political History of Barabaig NGOs and Civil Society in Hanang	120	(8)
CIDA, The Hanang Wheat Complex, and HCDP	128	(5)
Consent and Coercion: Barabaig NGOs as State Ideological Apparatuses	133	(5)
Conclusion	138	(5)
Works Cited	143	(4)
Chapter 6 NGOs and the New Field of African Politics: A Case Study from Zanzibar,
Ben Rawlence	147	(18)
Introduction	147	(4)
Discourse	148	(3)
The Historical Formation of Authority in Jambiani	151	(1)
The Current Situation	152	(5)
Uncivil Society	157	(2)
A Working Misunderstanding	159	(1)
Atomization and Negative Liberty	160	(1)
Conclusions	161	(2)
Works Cited	163	(2)
Chapter 7 "The State Didn't Even Exist": Non-Governmentality in Kivu, Eastern DR Congo,
Stephen Jackson	165	(32)
From Leviathan to Social Contract in an Afternoon	165	(2)
Governmentality and Non-Governmentality	167	(2)
Genesis in Exodus: Non-Governmentality Emerges in a Contracting State?	169	(9)
Mushroom NGOs	178	(2)
Solidarity Between Ourselves	180	(6)
Everyone for Peace and Development	186	(6)
Conclusions: State of Flux	192	(2)
Works Cited	194	(3)
Chapter 8 International Influence on Civil Society in Mali: The Case of the Cotton Farmers' Union, SYCOV,
Timothy W. Docking	197	(26)
Introduction	197	(2)
The Evolution of the Cotton Farmers' Movement	199	(10)
Colonial Origins	199	(1)
Socio-Economic Conditions Among Cotton Farmers During the Late-1980's	200	(1)
Tensions Build in the Koutiala Area	201	(1)
The Birth of SYCOV	202	(7)
International Influence on Civil Society	209	(4)
International Assistance for the Cotton Farmers' Union	209	(1)
SYCOV Grows Dependent on Outside Aid	210	(2)
SYCOV Neglects its Base	212	(1)
IFIs, Privatization and the Instrumentalization of SYCOV	213	(3)
The CFDT and the French connection	213	(3)
The Instrumentalization of SYCOV	216	(1)
The 1998 SYCOV Congress and the Co-optation of Union Leadership	216	(4)
The CMDT and NGOs Battle for Control of SYCOV	217	(1)
Reactions to the SYCOV Congress	218	(2)
Conclusion: Lessons Learned From the Case of SYCOV	220	(1)
Works Cited	221	(2)
Chapter 9 Up for Grabs, Civil Society in a Field of Conflicting Representations: A Case Study from Cape Verde,
Elizabeth Challinor	223	(30)
Introduction	223	(3)
Constructing the "Viability" of Cape Verde	226	(3)
Civil Society Comes of Age	229	(4)
Setting the Scene	233	(1)
Speak, The Donors Want to Hear From You	234	(4)
Government, NGOs, and CSOs Put Their Cards on the Table	238	(2)
The Proposal for a New Law	240	(4)
The Agreement Framework	244	(2)
Mechanisms for the Creation of a National Fund for the Support of Grassroots Initiatives	246	(1)
Conclusion	247	(2)
Works Cited	249	(4)
Chapter 10 Western Beliefs and Local Myths: A Case Study on the Interface between Farmers, NGOs and the State in Guinea-Bissau Rural Development Interventions,
Marina Padrão Temudo	253	(26)
NGOs and Community-Based Conservation in Guinea-Bissau: Rhetoric and Reality	253	(3)
The State, NGOs, and the Donors in Guinea-Bissau	256	(4)
Reaching Out to "the People": From State to NGO-Sponsored Interventions	260	(4)
Ethnic Diversity, Views of Nature, and Conservation Intervention in Cubucaré	264	(5)
Yet Another Project to Save the Last Sub-humid Forests of Guinea-Bissau in the Aftermath of Civil War	269	(3)
Conclusion: Whose Myth Counts?	272	(3)
Works Cited	275	(4)
Acknowledgments	277	(2)
Chapter 11 Conclusion: NGOs, Ethnography and Political Ethics	279	(24)
Editors' Introduction	279	(21)
Works Cited	300	(3)
Index	303