Between Worlds : A Sourcebook of Central European Avant Gardes, 1910-1930

by Timothy O. Benson and Éva Forgács (Eds.)

• ISBN13: 9780262025300
• ISBN10: 0262025302
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-06-01
• Publisher: Mit Pr

Summary

The avant-garde movements of Central Europe were an integral part of modernism's evolution as it reached its peak throughout the continent during the 1920s. Written documents-manifestos, artists' statements, and reviews-were the lifeblood of these movements and, during the periods when political events conspired to isolate them, one of their few means of communication and exchange. Much of this crucial evidence has become lost to us, and the artistic avant-gardes of Central Europe have been a blind spot of modernist studies. Until their narratives have been recovered, the story of modernism will remain incomplete. In this book an international team of scholars has selected an essential compendium of documents that take an important step toward regaining this lost perspective. Between Worldscontains primary documents of the avant-gardes in Austria, the Czech lands, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia from 1910 to 1930. The manifestos and magazines of Western European radical art circles are well known to Western scholars, but few have researched the pages of magazines such as Zenit, Integral, Punct, 75 HP, Tank, and Ma. We know about Italian Futurism but not about Polish Futurism. Few Westerners are aware that French surrealist magazines drew much of their inspiration from Czech publications. The hundreds of documents in the book, almost all of them translated into English for the first time, bring back into circulation landmark texts by the major writers, editors, artists, magazines, and movements of Central Europe. With this publication they are restored to their rightful place in the pantheon of modernism. Between Worldsis distributed for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Author Biography

Timothy O. Benson is Curator of the Robert Gore Rifkind Center for German Expressionist Studies at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Éva Forgács is an art historian, critic, and curator. She teaches at Art Center College of Design, Pasadena.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	14	(2)
Introduction	16	(31)
Timothy O. Benson
Eva Forgacs
SECTION 1: STYLE AS THE CRUCIBLE OF PAST AND FUTURE
National Traditions	47	(32)
Germany	49	(6)
``Quousque Tandem,'' from a Protest of German Artists (1911)	50	(2)
Carl Vinnen
``The Historical Development of Modern Art,'' from The Struggle for Art (1911)	52	(3)
Wilhelm Worringer
Czech-Speaking Lands	55	(4)
``The Czecheness of our Art,'' Radikalni listy (1900)	56	(1)
Milos Jiranek
``Josef Manes Exhibition at the Topic Salon,'' Prehled (1911)	57	(2)
Bohumil Kubista
Poland	59	(11)
``Wyspianski as a Painter-Poet (Personal Impressions),'' Przeglad Poranny (1907)	60	(1)
Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski
Excerpts from Jan Matejko (1908)	61	(3)
Stanistaw Witkiewicz
``On the Artist's Calling and the Tasks of Art'' (1912)	64	(2)
Jacek Malczewski
``Wyspianski's Stained Glass Windows at the Wawel Cathedral,'' Maski (1918)	66	(4)
Wlodzimierz Zulawski
Hungary	70	(3)
Excerpt from Hungarian Art (1916)	71	(2)
Lajos Fulep
Yugoslavia	73	(6)
Exhibition Committee of University Youth (Belgrade), Invitation Letter (1904)	74	(5)
New Alteranatives	79	(64)
Prague	81	(38)
``Honore Daumier: A Few Notes on His Work,'' Volne smery (1910)	83	(3)
Emil Filla
``The Prism and the Pyramid'' Umelecky mesicnik (1911)	86	(6)
Pavel Janak
``Surface and Space,'' Umelecky mesicnik (1912)	92	(3)
Otto Gutfreund
``On the Virtue of Neo-Primitivism,'' Volne Smery (1912)	95	(3)
Emil Filla
Introduction to the second Skupina exhibition catalogue (1912)	98	(1)
Vaclav Vilem Stech
``The Intellectual Basis of Modern Time,'' Ceska kultura (1912-13)	99	(4)
Bohumil Kubista
Fragments of correspondence (1913)	103	(6)
Josef Capek
``The Beauty of Modern Visual Form,'' Prehled (1913-14)	109	(3)
Josef Capek
``The Spirit of Change in Visual Art,'' Almanach no rok (1914)	112	(4)
Vlastislav Hofman
Excerpt from Cubism (1921)	116	(3)
Vincenc Kramar
Budapest	119	(14)
``Forms and the Soul,'' Excerpt from Richard Beer-Hoffmann (1910)	120	(1)
Gyorgy Lukacs
``Investigative Art,'' Nyugat (1910)	121	(4)
Karoly Kernstok
``The Ways Have Parted,'' Nyugat (1910)	125	(4)
Gyorgy Lukacs
``The Role of the Artist in Society,'' Huszadik szazad (1912)	129	(4)
Karoly Kernstok
Bucharest	133	(10)
Fragment from ``Light the Torches,'' Revista celorlati (1908)	134	(1)
Ion Minulescu
``The Exhibit of Painting and Drawing: Derain, Forain, Galanis, Iser,'' Noua revista romana (1909)	134	(2)
N. D. Cocea
Fragment from Tinerimea artistica exhibition catalogue (1910)	136	(1)
Theodor Cornel
``New Guidelines in Art,'' Viata sociala (1910)	136	(2)
Theodor Cornel
Editors of Insula, Statement (1912)	138	(1)
``Warning,'' Chemarea (1915)	138	(5)
Ion Vinea
SECTION 2: ART AND SOCIAL CHANGE
The Activation of the Avant-Garde	143	(58)
Die Aktion in Berlin	145	(4)
``The Possessed,'' Die Aktion (1914)	146	(1)
Franz Pfemfert
``Listen!'' Die Aktion (1916)	147	(2)
Ludwig Rubiner
The Activists in Budapest	149	(26)
``The Futurists,'' Nyugat (1912)	150	(2)
Bela Balazs
``Futurism: New Possibilities in Art and Life,'' Nyugat (1913)	152	(5)
Dezso Szabo
``To Accompany Carlo D. Carra's Painting Anarchist Funeral,'' A Tett (1916)	157	(3)
Lajos Kassak
``Program,'' A Tett (1916)	160	(2)
Lajos Kassak
Editors of Ma, ``Advertisement,'' Ma (1916)	162	(1)
``The Poster and The New Painting,'' Ma (1916)	163	(3)
Lajos Kassak
``For the Comprehensive Ma Exhibition,'' Ma (1918)	166	(1)
Lajos Kassak
``Lajos Tihanyi,'' Ma (1918)	167	(2)
Gyorgy Boloni
``Janos Mattis-Teutsch,'' Ma (1918)	169	(2)
Ivan Hevesy
``Onward on Our Way,'' Ma (1918)	171	(2)
Lajos Kassak
``The Galimbertis,'' Ma (1918)	173	(2)
Bela Uitz
Expressionism and Futurism in Poland	175	(20)
``To the Holy Rebel,'' Zdroj (1918)	177	(1)
Jerzy Hulewicz
``Notes,'' Die Aktion (1918)	178	(1)
Stanistaw Kubicki
``On Expressionism,'' Maski (1918)	179	(2)
Zbigniew Pronaszko
``Expressionism (Fragments from a Lecture),'' Nasz Kurier (1920)	181	(1)
Jankiel Adler
``The Struggle for A New Form,'' Ringen (1921)	182	(2)
Henryk Berlewi
``Overcoming Art,'' Ringen (1922)	184	(3)
El Lissitzky
``To the Polish Nation: A Manifesto Concerning the Immediate Futurization of Life,'' from Jednodniowka futurystow (1921)	187	(4)
Bruno Jasienski
``Manifesto Concerning Futurist Poetry,'' from Jednodniowka futurystow (1921)	191	(2)
Bruno Jasienski
``A Nife in the Stomak: Futurist Speshal Ishew 2,'' from Jednodniowka futurystow (1921)	193	(2)
Bruno Jasienski
Tvrdosijni (The Obstinates) in Prague	195	(6)
``And Yet!'' Introduction to the first Tvrdosijni exhibition catalogue (1918)	196	(1)
Stanislav K. Neumann
``The Obstinates and Friends,'' Inroduction to the third Tvrdosijni exhibition catalogue (1921)	197	(4)
Vaclav Nebesky
Art and Revolution	201	(36)
Germany in the Wake of World War I	203	(8)
The November Group. ``Manifesto'' (1918)	204	(1)
``Program of the Bauhaus in Weimar'' (1919)	204	(3)
Walter Groupius
Work Council for Art, ``Manifesto'' (1919)	207	(1)
On the First Exhibition of Bauhaus Student Work (1919)	208	(3)
Walter Groupius
The Hungarian Commune	211	(26)
The Artists of Ma, ``Proclamation for the Communist Republic!'' Ma (1918)	212	(1)
``Proclamation for Art!'' Ma (1918)	213	(2)
Lajos Kassak
``Soviet Hungary since March 21,'' Die Aktion (1918)	215	(1)
Georg Kulka
``Art of the Revolution---Or Art of the Party?'' Ma (1919)	216	(3)
Arpad Szelpal
Excerpts from ``Activism,'' Ma (1919)	219	(6)
Lajos Kassak
``We Need a Dictatorship!'' Voros Ujsag (1919)	225	(2)
Bela Uitz
``Mass Culture, Mass Art,'' Ma (1919)	227	(3)
Ivan Hevesy
``Letter to Bela Kun in the Name Of Art,'' Ma (1919)	230	(3)
Lajos Kassak
Letter (c. 1919)	233	(4)
Lajos Tihanyi
Form as the Agent of Social Change	237	(72)
Devetsil in Prague and Brno	239	(5)
The Devetsil Association of Artists, Statement, Prazke pondeli (1920)	240	(1)
``Defeatism in Art,'' Tribuna (1921)	241	(3)
Vaclav Nebesky
Poland	244	(39)
Excerpts from New Forms in Painting and the Misunderstandings Arising Thereform (1919)	245	(6)
Stanislaw lgnacy Witkiewicz
``On Deformation in Pictures,'' Gazeta Wieczorana (1920)	251	(2)
Stanislaw lgnacy Witkiewicz
Excerpt from ``About Multiplicity of Reality in Art'' (1921)	253	(7)
Leon Chwistek
``On Green Eye and his Painting,'' Formisci (1921)	260	(1)
Tytus Czyzewski
``Aesthetic Sketches'' (1922)	261	(4)
Stanistlaw lgnacy Witkiewicz
``Point of Departure,'' Zwrotnica (1922)	265	(2)
Tadeusz Peiper
``Point of Departure,'' Zwrotnica (1922)	267	(5)
Tadeusz Peiper
``Notes on Russian Art,'' Zwrotnica (1922)	272	(8)
Wladyslaw Strzeminski
``The Reaction of the Environment,'' Zwrotnica (1923)	280	(3)
Mieczyslaw Szczuka
Zagreb	283	(26)
Ivan Goll and Bosko Tokin, ``The Zenithist Manifesto,'' Zenit (1921)	284	(8)
Ljubomir Micic
``Manifesto,'' Svetokret (1921)	292	(1)
Branko Ve Poljanski
``Man and Art,'' Zenit (1921)	293	(3)
Ljubomir Micic
Excerpts from ``The Spirit of Zenithism,'' Zenit (1921)	296	(4)
Ljubomir Micic
``Expressionism is Dying,'' Zenit (1921)	300	(9)
Ivan Goll
SECTION 3: INTERNATIONALISM
International Data	309	(76)
Zurich and Berlin	311	(8)
``Dada Manifesto,'' Dada (1918)	313	(5)
Tristan Tzara
Richard Huelsenbeck, Jefim Golyscheff, ``What is Dadaism and What Does it Want in Germany?'' Der Dada (1919)	318	(1)
Raoul Hausmann
Hungarian Data in Budapest and Vienna	319	(20)
``The Black Tomcat,'' Ma (1921)	320	(4)
Janos Macza
``Green-Headed Man,'' Ma (1921)	324	(4)
Sandor Barta
``The First Gathering of the Mad in a Garbage Bin,'' Akasztott Ember 1922)	328	(4)
Sandor Barta
``Manifesto'' (1922)	332	(4)
Odon Palasovszky
Ivan Hevesy
``Green Donkey Pantomime,'' Periszkop (1925)	336	(3)
Sandor Bortnyik
Poland	339	(5)
``Manifesto (Festo-Mani),'' from Papierek lakmusowy (1921)	340	(4)
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz
Zagreb	344	(14)
Selections from Dada-Nyet, insert from Zenit (1922)	345	(3)
Branko Ve Poljanski
``Dadaism,'' Zenit (1921)	348	(3)
Dragan Aleksic
``Kurt Schwitters Dada,'' Zenit (1921)	351	(3)
Dragan Aleksic
``Tatlin: HPs + Man,'' Zenit (1921)	354	(2)
Dragan Aleksic
``Zenith Express'' (1922-23)	356	(2)
Branko Ve Poljanski
Prague and Brno	358	(27)
``Dada,'' Vestnik teatra (1921)	359	(4)
Roman Jakobson
``The Modern Art Bazaar,'' Stavba (1923)	363	(1)
Jaroslav Jira
``Picture,'' Disk (1923)	364	(3)
Jindrich Styrsky
``Painting and Poetry,'' Disk (1923)	367	(2)
Karel Teige
``Creative Data,'' Host (1925)	369	(1)
Bedrich Vaclavek
Excerpts from ``Dadaism'' (1925)	369	(7)
Frantisek Halas
Excerpts from ``Dada,'' Host (1926)	376	(9)
Karel Teige
International Constructivism in Germany and Austria	385	(102)
Congress of International Progressive Artists in Dusseldorf	388	(15)
Editors of De Stijl, et al., ``Congress of International Progressive Artists: A Short Review of the Proceedings,'' De Stijl (1922)	389	(6)
``Manifesto of the Commune'' (1922)	395	(1)
Stanislaw Kubicki
``Second Manifesto of the Commune'' (1922)	395	(2)
Stanislaw Kubicki
``The International Exhibition in Dusseldorf,'' Nasz Kurier (1922)	397	(3)
Henryk Berlewi
``The Stand Taken by the Vienna Ma Group toward the First Dusseldorf Congress of Progressive Artists,'' Ma (1922)	400	(1)
Lajos Kassak
``International Constructivist Creative Union,'' De Stijl (1922)	401	(2)
Theo van Doesburg
International Reaction to the First Russian Exhibition in Berlin	403	(14)
``The Exhibition of Russian Artists,'' Das Kunstblatt (1922)	405	(3)
Paul Westheim
On the Russian Exhibition, Die Weltbuhne (1922)	408	(1)
Adolf Behne
``The Russian Exhibit in Berlin,'' Ma (1922)	409	(1)
Lajos Kassak
``The Russian Exhibition in Berlin,'' Akasztott Ember (1923)	410	(3)
Erno Kallai
``Notes To the Russian Artists Exhibition in Berlin,'' Egyseg (1923)	413	(1)
Alfred Kemeny
``Through the Russian Exhibition in Berlin,'' Zenit (1923)	414	(3)
Branko Ve Poljanski
Exile Vienna	417	(35)
``To the Artists of All Nations!'' Ma (1920)	418	(2)
Lajos Kassak
``The Provisional International Moscow Bureau of Creative Artists, Questions to the Hungarian Activists, and the Hungarian Activists Reply,'' Ma (1920)	420	(4)
``Moholy-Nagy,'' Ma (1921)	424	(1)
Erno Kallai
``Lajos Kassak,'' Ma (1921)	425	(2)
Erno Kallai
``Picture-Archicture,'' Ma (1922)	427	(5)
Lajos Kassak
``The Great Festival in Moscow,'' Egyseg (1922)	432	(3)
Bela Uitz
``Constructivism,'' Ma (1923)	435	(1)
Erno Kallai
``Correction (to the Attention of De Stijl),'' Ma (1923)	436	(7)
Erno Kallai
``Manifesto,'' Egyseg (1923)	443	(1)
Erno Kallai
``On the New Theatrical Art,'' Ma (1924)	444	(3)
Lajos Kassak
``The Electro-Mechanical Show,'' Ma (1924)	447	(1)
El Lissitzky
``Theater as an Artistic Phenomenon,'' Ma (1924)	448	(1)
Herwarth Walden
``The Hungarian Activist Movement,'' Der Sturm (1924)	449	(3)
Endre Gaspar
The Bauhaus	452	(16)
``Production-Reproduction'' De Stijl (1922)	454	(1)
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
``KURI Manifesto'' (1922)	455	(2)
Farkas Molnar
``Bauhaus Manifesto'' (1923)	457	(1)
Oskar Schlemmer
``Film Sketch: Dynamics of a Metropolis,'' Ma (1924)	458	(4)
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
``Life at the Bauhaus,'' Periszkop (1925)	462	(3)
Farkas Molnar
``Film at the Bauhaus: a Rejoinder,'' film kurier (1926)	465	(2)
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
``Herwarth Walden,'' bauhaus (1928)	467	(1)
Erno Kallai
Berlin	468	(19)
Hans Arp, Ivan Puni, and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, ``A Call for Elementarist Art,'' De Stijl (1921)	470	(1)
Raoul Hausmann
Statement from Der Sturm catalogue (1921)	470	(1)
Janos Mattis-Teutsch
``Dynamic-Constructive System of Forces,'' Der Sturm (1922)	471	(1)
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
Alfred Kemeny
``Aims of the Pre Theater,'' Der Sturm (1922)	471	(1)
Raoul Hausmann
Laszlo Peri
``The Arts Abroad'' (1922-23)	472	(1)
Henryk Berlewi
``Constructivist Art and Peri's Spatial Constructions,'' Preface to Mappe: Peri, Linoleumschnitte (1923)	473	(3)
Alfred Kemeny
``Second Presentist Declaration---Addressed to the International Constructivists,'' Ma (1923)	476	(1)
Viking Eggeling
Raoul Hausmann
``The Dynamic Principle of Cosmic Construction, as Related to the Functional Significance of Constructive Design,'' Der Sturm (1923)	477	(2)
Alfred Kemeny
``Abstract Design from Suprematism to the Present,'' Das Kunstblatt (1924)	479	(3)
Alfred Kemeny
``Prague,'' G (1924)	482	(1)
Hans Richter
``Toward Constructivism,'' G (1924)	483	(1)
Hans Richter
``Photography in Reverse,'' G (1924)	483	(2)
Tristan Tzara
``Concrete Light,'' from Lichtprobleme der Bildende Kunst (1925)	485	(2)
Nikolaus Braun
International Constructivism in Central Europe	487	(122)
Poland	488	(16)
``Mechano-facture'' (1924)	489	(2)
Henryk Berlewi
Editors of Blok, Editorial Statement, Blok (1924)	491	(1)
Untitled statements on Suprematism and painting, Blok (1924)	492	(1)
Henryk Stazewski
``Theses on New Art,'' Blok (1924)	493	(2)
Wladislaw Strzeminski
``An Attempt to Explain the Misunderstandings Related to the Public's Attitude to New Art,'' Blok (1924)	495	(1)
Mieczyslaw Szczuka
Editors of Blok, ``What Constructivism Is'' Blok (1924)	496	(1)
``B=2,'' Blok (1924)	497	(6)
Wladyslaw Strzeminski
``Photomontage,'' Blok (1924)	503	(1)
Mieczyslaw Szczuka
``On Abstract Art,'' Blok (1924)	503	(1)
Henryk Stazewski
Zagreb/Belgrade	504	(27)
``Shimmy at the Latin Quarter Graveyard,'' Zenit (1922)	505	(4)
Ljubomir Micic
``A Categorical Imperative of the Zenithist School of Poetry,'' from The Rescue Car (1922)	509	(2)
Ljubomir Micic
``Barbarogenius,'' Zenit (1924)	511	(1)
Ljubomir Micic
``The New Art,'' Zenit (1924)	512	(2)
Ljubomir Micic
``Zenithosophy: Or the Energetics of Creative Zenithism,'' Zenit (1924)	514	(4)
Ljubomir Micic
``Barbarism as Culture,'' Zenit (1925)	518	(3)
Risto Ratkovic
``Toward the Documentation of the European Cultural Crisis: Five Years of Zenithism'' Magyar iras (1926)	521	(1)
Tivadar Raith
Branko Ve Poljanski, ``Upside Down'' (1926)	521	(6)
``Beyond-Sense Poetry,'' Introduction to Anti-Europe (1926)	527	(1)
Ljubomir Micic
``Zenithism through the Prism of Marxism,'' Zenit (1926)	528	(3)
Ljubomir Micic
Bucharest	531	(39)
``Notes on Painting,'' Contimporanul (1922)	533	(1)
Marcel Janco
``Art Notes,'' Contimporanul (1924)	533	(1)
Marcel Janco
``Victor Brauner,'' 75HP (1924)	534	(1)
Ilarie Voronca
``Aviograma,'' 75HP (1924)	535	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
Untitled statement, 75HP (1924)	537	(1)
Ilarie Voronca
``Pictopoetry,'' 75HP (1924)	538	(1)
Victor Brauner
Ilarie Voronca
``Assessments,'' Punct (1924)	538	(1)
Ilarie Voronca
``The Contimporanul Exhibition (Notes),'' Punct (1924)	539	(1)
Scarlat Callimachi
``The First Contimporanul International Exhibition,'' Miscarea literara (1924)	540	(1)
Tudor Vianu
``Marcel Janco,'' Punct (1924)	541	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
``Visual Chrono-metering,'' Contimporanul (1924)	543	(1)
M.H. Maxy
``Conversations with Lucian Blaga,'' Miscarea literara (1925)	544	(3)
Felix Aderca
``Grammar,'' Punct (1925)	547	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
``Voices,'' Punct (1925)	549	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
``The International Exhibition Organized by the Magazine Contimporanul,'' Gandirea (1925)	551	(3)
Oscar Walter Cisek
Editors of Integral, ``Man,'' Integral (1925)	554	(1)
``Surrealism and Integralism,'' Integral (1925)	555	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
``From Futurism to Integralism,'' Integral (1925)	557	(3)
Mihail Cosma
``Black Art,'' Integral (1925)	560	(3)
Corneliu Michailescu
``Note about Sculpture,'' Contimporanul (1925)	563	(1)
Militsa Petrascu
``Initiation in the Mysteries of an Exhibition: The Sensational Pronouncements of Militsa Petrascu and Marcel Janco,'' Contimporanul (1926)	564	(2)
G. C. Jacques
``Cubism,'' Contimporanul (1926)	566	(1)
Marcel Janco
``Coloring,'' Contimporanul (1927)	567	(1)
Marcel Janco
``Urmuz,'' Urmuz (1928)	568	(2)
Geo Bogza
Ljubljana	570	(7)
``Greetings!'' tank (1927)	571	(1)
Avgust Cernigoj
``Marij Kogoj's Black Masks,'' tank (1927)	572	(1)
Mirko Polic
``Theater Co-op,'' tank (1927)	573	(1)
Ferdinand Delak
``Tank Manifesto,'' tank (1927)	574	(1)
Avgust Cernigoj
``The Constructivist Group in Trieste,'' tank (1927)	575	(2)
Avgust Cernigoj
Prague/Paris	577	(29)
``Poetism,'' Host (1924)	579	(4)
Karel Teige
``Constructivism and the Liquidation of Art,''' Disk (1925)	583	(6)
Karel Teige
``Artificialism,'' ReD (1927-28)	589	(1)
Jindrich Styrsky
Toyen
``The Poet (Lecture Given on the Occasion of an Exhibition Opening),'' Rozpravy Aventina (1927-28)	590	(3)
Jindrich Styrsky
Toyen
Excerpts from ``Poetism Manifesto,'' ReD (1928)	593	(8)
Karel Teige
``Ultraviolet Paintings, or, Artificialism (Notes on the Paintings of Styrsky and Toyen),'' ReD (1928)	601	(5)
Karel Teige
SECTION 4: THE TWILIGHT OF IDEOLOGIES
Overview	606	(3)
Hungarians in Exile	609	(18)
``Back to the Workbench,'' Ma (1923)	610	(2)
Lajos Kassak
``Architecture,'' Ma (1924)	612	(3)
Erno Kallai
``The Twilight of Ideologies,'' 365 (1925)	615	(1)
Erno Kallai
Excerpt from New Painting in Hungary (1925)	616	(5)
Erno Kallai
``Advertisements,'' Tisztasag konyve (1926)	621	(2)
Lajos Kassak
Letter to Erich Buchholz (1928)	623	(4)
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
Bauhaus Resonances	627	(16)
``At the Bauhaus,'' Zwrotnica (1927)	628	(4)
Tadeusz Peiper
``Ten Years of the Bauhaus,'' Stavba (1929-30)	632	(5)
Karel Teige
Excerpts from ``Ten Years of Bauhaus,'' Die Weltbuhne (1930)	637	(6)
Erno Kallai
Poland	643	(32)
``The Contemporary Style,'' Praesens (1926)	645	(1)
Henryk Stazewski
``Rules of the S. I. Witkiewicz Portrait-Painting Firm'' (1928)	646	(3)
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz
Unism in Painting (1928)	649	(9)
Wladyslaw Strzeminski
``Sculpture and Solid,'' Europa (1929)	658	(1)
Katarzyna Kobro
``Plastic Art as the Summary of Cultural Life,'' Europa (1929)	659	(1)
Henryk Stazewski
``Communique of the a.r. Group,'' Europa (1930)	660	(1)
Wladyslaw Strzeminski
Excerpts from Composition of Space: Calculations of Space-Time Rhythm (1931)	661	(3)
Katarzyna Kobro
Wladyslaw Strzeminski
``Malevich in Poland,'' Zwrotnica (1927)	664	(1)
Tadeusz Peiper
``Funeral of Suprematism,'' Dzwignia (1927)	664	(2)
Mieczyslaw Szczuka
``Art and Reality,'' Dzwignia (1927)	666	(9)
Mieczyslaw Szczuka
Prague	675	(6)
Editors of Fronta, Introduction to the Fronta Almanac (1927)	676	(1)
``The Generation's Corner,'' Odeon (1929)	676	(2)
Jindrich Styrsky
The Left Front, Founding Manifesto, ReD (1929)	678	(3)
Amsterdam and Stuttgart	681	(22)
``Photography Unparalleled,'' internationale revue i-10 (1927)	683	(1)
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
``Painting and Photography,'' internationale revue i-10 (1927)	684	(5)
Erno Kallai
``Debate on Erno Kallai's Article `Painting and Photography,''' internationale revue i-10 (1927)	689	(6)
Willi Baumeister
``Reply,'' internationale revue i-10 (1927)	695	(3)
Erno Kallai
Letter to Laszlo Moholy-Nagy (1927)	698	(1)
Kazimir Malevich
``Vanguard Skirmish in Stuttgart,'' Filmtechnik (1929)	699	(1)
Andor Kraszna-Krausz
``Photography---The Pictorial Art of the Present Day,'' Kolnische Volkszeitung (1929)	700	(1)
Ludwig Neundorfer
``Opening of the Werkbund Exhibition Film and Photo,'' Schwabische Tagwacht (1929)	701	(1)
Anonymous
```Form,' Photo and Film,'' Die Form (1929)	701	(2)
W. Riezler
Bucharest	703	(14)
``Reflections of Cubism,'' Cuvantul (1928)	705	(1)
Marcel Janco
Fragments from ``A Contribution to Our History of Modernism: What A Young Painter Tells Us,'' Rampa (1928)	706	(2)
Ionel Jianu
``Manifesto,'' Unu (1928)	708	(1)
Sasa Pana
``M. H. Maxy,'' from A doua lumina: proze (1930)	708	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
``Victor Brauner,'' from A doua lumina: proze (1930)	710	(1)
Ilarie Voronca
``Marinetti,'' Rampa (1930)	711	(1)
Ion Vinea
Marcel Janco
``F. T. Marinetti,'' Rampa (1930)	711	(2)
Ilarie Voronca
``Our Own Futurism,'' Facla (1930)	713	(1)
Marcel Janco
``The Rehabilitation of the Dream,'' Unu (1931)	714	(3)
Geo Bogza
Germany	717	(13)
``Ten Years of the November Group,'' Der Kunstnarr (1929)	718	(1)
Erno Kallai
``Art and the General Public,'' Der Kunstnarr (1929)	719	(2)
Erno Kallai
``Vision and the Law of Form,'' in Ferdinand Moller Gallery catalogue (1930)	721	(3)
Erno Kallai
``Theo van Doesburg,'' Das neue Frankfurt (1931)	724	(2)
Walter Dexel
``Politics of Art in the Third Reich'' (1934)	726	(4)
Erno Kallai
Credits	730	(2)
Biographical Notes	732