Beverwijck : A Dutch Village on the American Frontier, 1652-1664

by Venema, Janny

• ISBN13: 9780791460795
• ISBN10: 0791460797
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-11-01
• Publisher: State Univ of New York Pr

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	9	(3)
Glossary	12	(5)
Introduction	17	(18)
Problem defined	19	(5)
Historiography and definition	24	(2)
Method and sources	26	(9)
I: Constructing a village: material planning	35	(64)
Van Slichtenhorst, Rensselaerswijck, and the Indians	36	(8)
Van Slichtenhorst and Van Twiller's rule in Rensselaerswijck	36	(4)
Van Slichtenhorst and the Mahicans	40	(1)
Van Slichtenhorst and the Maquaes	41	(3)
Planning a center for Rensselaerswijck	44	(9)
Value of maps	44	(4)
Building a bijeenwoninge	48	(2)
Company versus patroon: Escalation of the conflict	50	(3)
Development of Beverwijck	53	(27)
Distributing patents	53	(4)
Laying out the village	57	(4)
Roads and bridges	61	(2)
Lots and fences	63	(1)
Houses	64	(13)
Other spaces and constructions on the lots	77	(3)
Gardens	80	(1)
Constructions of general interest to the community	80	(17)
Corps de guarde	80	(1)
The blockhouse church	81	(5)
The poor house	86	(1)
A school	87	(1)
Mills	87	(2)
Brick and the yards	89	(2)
Indian accommodations	91	(2)
Palisades	93	(4)
Conclusion	97	(2)
II: Beverwijck: Creating an orderly village	99	(76)
Beverwijck's society	100	(17)
A mix of people	100	(5)
Burghership	105	(3)
The burgher guard	108	(3)
Community feelings	111	(3)
Forced labor: Slaves	114	(3)
Stabilizing factors in a new society: The state	117	(14)
The court	117	(9)
Orphan masters	126	(2)
Medical care	128	(3)
Stabilizing factors in a new society: The church	131	(25)
Church and state	131	(4)
A public church	135	(4)
The minister	139	(5)
The consistory	144	(3)
Other church functions	147	(1)
Education	148	(6)
Charity	154	(2)
A new environment: Contacts with Indians	156	(16)
Beavers and sewant as currency	156	(3)
Meetings and the exchange of gifts	159	(4)
Communication: Maintaining an iron chain	163	(4)
Indian-Dutch relationships	167	(5)
Conclusion	172	(3)
III: The Van Rensselaers as commercial entrepreneurs	175	(62)
Trade in the upper Hudson	176	(15)
The trading season	176	(4)
Trade items	180	(3)
Trading regulations	183	(3)
The role of women	186	(5)
The Van Rensselaers and the trade	191	(15)
Maintaining the trade in Amsterdam	191	(9)
Maintaining the trade in New Netherland during Jan Baptist's directorship	200	(3)
Maintaining the trade in New Netherland during Jeremias' directorship	203	(3)
Place in the community; Life style	206	(29)
The patroon's property in Beverwijck	206	(4)
The patroon's house on the inside	210	(4)
Outer appearance: Clothing	214	(5)
Social life: The importance of friends	219	(3)
Social life: Maintaining friendships in the New World	222	(2)
Church membership	224	(1)
Marriage	225	(4)
Family life: Illness, children, and friends	229	(6)
Conclusion	235	(2)
IV: Successful burghers	237	(36)
Dirck Jansz Croon	239	(5)
Active in two worlds	239	(2)
Back in Amsterdam	241	(1)
A family trading network	242	(2)
Pieter Hartgers	244	(5)
Family ties	244	(1)
An active community member	245	(2)
A farewell to Beverwijck	247	(2)
Volckert Jansz	249	(5)
Early arrival and trade	249	(1)
Cooperation and investment in land	250	(3)
A German Lutheran in a Dutch Reformed village	253	(1)
Philip Pietersz Schuyler	254	(9)
Gunstocks, marriage, and trade	254	(2)
Property and the value of location	256	(1)
Being a part of the community	257	(1)
Signs of success	258	(5)
Sander Leendertsz Glen	263	(6)
Living and sailing on the Noordrivier: A Scottish family	263	(1)
Taking risks	264	(3)
A Scotsman in Beverwijck	267	(2)
Conclusion	269	(4)
V: Busy workers	273	(44)
Blacksmiths and gunstock makers	275	(6)
Many smiths	275	(2)
Cooperation with gunstock makers	277	(2)
Location and success	279	(2)
Bakers	281	(11)
A baker's work	281	(2)
The value of location: Around the first kill	283	(2)
Other bakers along present-day Broadway	285	(1)
Protecting the homefront	286	(4)
Many bakers	290	(2)
Brewers	292	(10)
The importance of beer	292	(2)
Bronck's brewery	294	(3)
Organization of the brewing businesses	297	(1)
Breweries and their success	298	(4)
Tavern keepers	302	(12)
Many taverns, many tavern keepers	302	(3)
A risky business	305	(2)
Regulations and excises	307	(3)
The tavern: A place for business and entertainment	310	(2)
Taverns at the frontier	312	(2)
Conclusion	314	(3)
VI: Strategies of survival	317	(48)
Living conditions	318	(9)
Prices	318	(2)
Wages and living conditions	320	(3)
Literacy as cultural tool	323	(4)
Poverty: definition and size	327	(3)
Organization of poor relief in Beverwijck	330	(8)
Cooperation of state and church	330	(1)
Care provided by the state	331	(2)
Care provided by the church	333	(5)
Strategy	338	(6)
Honest poor and efficiency	338	(1)
Help for a longer term	339	(2)
Examples of preventive poor relief	341	(2)
Methods to prevent poverty	343	(1)
Methods	344	(8)
People living on their own	344	(1)
Work	344	(7)
Boarding	351	(1)
Supervision	352	(10)
The poor in the community	354	(1)
Appearance of the poor in the records	354	(2)
Poverty in the eyes of fellow villagers	356	(1)
Voluntary poor relief	357	(5)
Conclusion	362	(3)
Conclusion	365	(6)
Abbreviations	371	(2)
Notes	373	(54)
Appendices	427	(55)
Unpublished primary sources	482	(2)
Bibliography	484	(18)
Samenvatting	502	(5)
List of maps and illustrations	507	(4)
Personal Name index	511	(12)
Geographical index	523	(5)
Curriculum Vitae	528