Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science - 3rd Edition

by Houston, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780736056120
• ISBN10: 0736056122
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-31
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

The latest edition of Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Scienceprovides upper-level undergraduate and graduate students with an understanding of the essential concepts of biochemistrymolecular biology, basic chemistry, metabolism, and transcription regulationin an easy-to-understand format. This text builds on the success of the previous edition by offering new topics, new organization of chapters, greater interpretation and integration of key concepts, and new and improved illustrations that clarify the content.Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science, Third Editionis the first volume in Human Kinetics'Primers in Exercise Science Series. With its updated information based on new research and ideas from exercise science and molecular biology and its greater interpretation of biochemistry in the context of the active human, this volume is the only text of its kind in this field. Students trained in traditional exercise physiology can understand basic concepts of energy, but without the knowledge gained from this book they might lack the ability to apply these principles to everyday life.New information and approaches in this book include the following:-Reorganized chapters give greater attention to the mechanism behind the concepts. Basic metabolic pathways and mechanisms are outlined and the role of exercise in modulating those pathways and mechanisms is addressed.-A deeper and more thorough integration of the topics adds context and aids in comprehension.-New review questions with answers are provided.-A section on oxidative stress and its implications to lifestyle and health are included.-A new section covers signal transduction that leads to changes in the expression of genes and in the amounts of specific proteins.-A thoroughly revamped chapter covers bioenergetics with an overview of energy systems and their role in exercise. This is followed by the more rigorous thermodynamics concepts. In addition, each chapter addresses the newest, most sophisticated information, discusses future research directions, and contains key points to reinforce understanding. The book also provides a list of abbreviations, conveniently located on the inside front cover, to help the reader become familiar with commonly used biochemistry terms; chapter summaries; a glossary; and a comprehensive reference list to help students absorb and apply the content.This new edition fully integrates the concepts of biochemistry and physiology of exercise and provides critical information on how genes are controlled. In doing so, it melds the fields of human nutrition, physiology, and biochemistry into a more unifying science, and it presents students with the biochemistry content they need in order to understand the molecular aspects of human physical activity. The text helps prepare students for what lies ahead, and it is a great tool for professionals in related fields who want to learn about the biochemistry of exercise.Each volume in Human Kinetics' Primers in Exercise Science Series provides students and professionals alike with a non-intimidating basic understanding of the science behind each topic in the series, and where appropriate, how that science is applied. These books are written by leading researchers and teachers in their respective areas of expertise to present in an easy-to-understand manner essential concepts in dynamic, complex areas of scientific knowledge. The books in the series are ideal for researchers and professionals that need to obtain background in an unfamiliar scientific area or as an accessible basic reference for those that will be returning to the material often.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
Part I Essential Background	1	(32)
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins	3	(14)
The Nature of Amino Acids	4	(6)
Characteristics of Peptides	10	(1)
Structure of Proteins	11	(4)
Summary	15	(2)
Enzymes	17	(16)
Enzymes As Catalysts	17	(1)
Rates of Enzymatic Reactions	18	(6)
Provision of Reactive Groups by Cofactors	24	(1)
Classification of Enzymes	24	(1)
Oxidations and Reductions	25	(2)
Regulation of Enzyme Activity	27	(3)
Measurement of Enzyme Activity	30	(1)
Summary	31	(2)
Part II Metabolism	33	(166)
Energy Systems and Bioenergetics	35	(24)
Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle	35	(6)
Energy-Rich Phosphates	41	(4)
Energy Systems	45	(9)
Bioenergetics	54	(3)
Summary	57	(2)
Oxidative Phosphorylation	59	(40)
Overview of Metabolism	59	(2)
Mitochondria	61	(4)
The Citric Acid Cycle	65	(5)
Electron Transfers	70	(5)
Coupled Phosphorylation	75	(3)
Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation	78	(11)
Quantification of Redox Reactions	89	(3)
Oxidants and Antioxidants	92	(4)
Summary	96	(3)
Carbohydrate Metabolism	99	(46)
Carbohydrates	99	(1)
Cellular Uptake of Glucose	100	(3)
Phosphorylation of Glucose	103	(1)
Glycolysis	104	(7)
Glycogen Metabolism	111	(3)
Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism	114	(7)
Lactate Metabolism	121	(5)
Oxidation of Cytoplasmic NADH	126	(2)
Gluconeogenesis	128	(10)
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway	138	(2)
Signaling Pathways	140	(2)
Summary	142	(3)
Lipid Metabolism	145	(38)
Types of Lipids	145	(4)
Fat Stores	149	(8)
Oxidation of Fatty Acids	157	(4)
Oxidation of Ketone Bodies	161	(3)
Synthesis of Fatty Acids	164	(4)
Fat As a Fuel for Exercise	168	(2)
Metabolism During Exercise: Fat Versus Carbohydrate	170	(7)
Adipose Tissue As an Endocrine Tissue	177	(2)
Cholesterol	179	(1)
Summary	180	(3)
Amino Acid Metabolism	183	(16)
Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism	183	(2)
Degradation of Amino Acids	185	(3)
The Urea Cycle	188	(4)
Fate of Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons	192	(1)
Amino Acid Metabolism During Exercise	193	(3)
Additional Roles for Amino Acids	196	(1)
Summary	197	(2)
Part III Transcription, Protein Synthesis, and Degradation	199	(42)
Gene Transcription and Its Control	201	(22)
DNA	201	(5)
Types of RNA	206	(1)
The Genetic Code	207	(1)
Transcription	208	(3)
Regulation of Transcription	211	(10)
Summary	221	(2)
Protein Synthesis and Degradation	223	(18)
Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA	223	(6)
Translation	229	(3)
Regulation of Translation	232	(4)
Posttranslational Processing of Polypeptides	236	(1)
Protein Degradation	237	(2)
Summary	239	(2)
Appendix: Answers to Review Questions	241	(4)
Glossary	245	(10)
References	255	(6)
Index	261	(6)
About the Author	267