Biodiversity Research Methods IBOY In West Pacific and Asia

by Nakashizuka, Tohru; Stork, Nigel

• ISBN13: 9781876843779
• ISBN10: 1876843772
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-03-01
• Publisher: Trans Pacific Press

Summary

Biodiversity Research Methods is the product of tremendous international and interdisciplinary cooperation in the IBOY-DIWPA program. IBOY-DIWPA's aims are to establish baseline inventories of biodiversity through an international network of study sites of different ecosystems. Developed from extensive preliminary research conducted for IBOY (International Biodiversity Observation Year) throughout the western Pacific and Asian regions, this manual includes detailed research methodologies for forests and freshwater and marine environments, with the aim of ensuring that the results of biodiversity research at different study sites are meaningfully comparable, thereby enhancing our understanding of biodiversity distribution and its role in the ecosystem.

Table of Contents

List of figures	p. xii
List of tables	p. xv
Preface	p. xvi
What is IBOY	p. 1
Mission for IBOY-DIWPA	p. 1
What is IBOY-DIWPA?	p. 1
What are the goals of IBOY-DIWPA?	p. 1
Strategy for implementing IBOY-DIWPA	p. 5
Integrated approaches to biodiversity assessment and capacity building	p. 5
Study sites	p. 7
Selection of target organisms	p. 7
Mission for biodiversity assessment	p. 9
Why is biodiversity assessment essential?	p. 9
How frequently and where should biodiversity assessments be made?	p. 12
At what biodiversity level should assessments be made?	p. 12
The rationale for inventorying and monitoring inside and outside protected areas	p. 18
Scales, planning and approaches to inventorying and monitoring	p. 21
References	p. 23
Forest Ecosystems	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Forest ecosystems and IBOY	p. 27
Secondary transects	p. 28
General rationale and the goals of surveys	p. 28
Core and satellite sites	p. 30
Selection and establishment of observation sites	p. 32
Site selection	p. 32
Plot establishment	p. 33
Environmental variables	p. 36
Meteorological data	p. 36
Light environment	p. 36
Plant diversity	p. 38
Tall-trees	p. 38
Other components	p. 39
Litter supply and decomposition rate	p. 39
Phenology	p. 42
Animal diversity: arthropods	p. 42
General trapping methods	p. 43
Surveys of selected taxa	p. 67
Handling, identification, storage and data management for arthropod surveys	p. 87
Animal diversity: vertebrates	p. 92
Amphibians	p. 94
Reptiles	p. 94
Birds	p. 94
Mammals	p. 97
References	p. 101
Sample Arthropod Tally Sheet	p. 108
Drafting team	p. 109
Authors of sections	p. 109
Freshwater Ecosystems	p. 111
General Strategy	p. 111
Endangered freshwater ecosystems	p. 111
Biodiversity investigation in freshwater ecosystems	p. 112
Unique framework for the IBOY-DIWPA	p. 113
Freshwater environments	p. 113
Target organisms	p. 115
Field and laboratory methods and data management	p. 117
Bottom types and site selection for the littoral bottom survey	p. 117
Water depth	p. 117
Transect line	p. 118
Physical structure and underwater landscape	p. 119
Water column survey	p. 119
Physico-chemical variables	p. 120
Data from meteorological stations and remote sensing	p. 120
Basic unit for field investigation	p. 121
Data management	p. 122
Biodiversity survey for each organism	p. 124
Fish	p. 124
Macrobenthos and macrophytes	p. 136
Meiobenthos	p. 147
Epi-microphyte (attached algae)	p. 149
Planktonic organisms	p. 150
Examples of observation sites	p. 156
Clear lakes	p. 156
Turbid lakes	p. 157
References	p. 158
Drafting Team	p. 160
Latitudinal Biodiversity in Coastal Macrophyte Communities	p. 162
Introduction	p. 162
Importance of habitats	p. 162
Importance of monitoring	p. 163
Baseline studies	p. 164
Goals for Monitoring Coastal Ecosystems	p. 164
Latitudinal and related gradients	p. 165
Long-term monitoring	p. 165
Site Selection	p. 165
Regional level	p. 165
Local selection criteria	p. 166
Application of selection criteria	p. 168
Potential availability of no-fishing/no-take areas for stability of long-term monitoring	p. 168
Marine BioRap-Identifying biodiversity priority areas	p. 168
Sampling Protocol	p. 169
Sampling strategy	p. 169
Sampling methodology	p. 169
Initial processing of direct samples	p. 170
Recommendations	p. 170
Subjects To be Studied and Monitored	p. 171
Species inventory of selected taxonomic groups	p. 171
Abiotic and biotic parameters	p. 172
Habitat and biodiversity mapping	p. 172
Species inventory and sampling	p. 173
All-biota taxonomic inventory	p. 173
Strategies for future activities	p. 174
Sampling kit	p. 174
Future activities	p. 174
References	p. 175
Global 200 marine ecoregions occurring within the DIWPA region	p. 176
Marine ecoregions	p. 176
Questionare form and invitational letter to be distributed at potential participating sites	p. 177
DIWPA IBOY core or satellite site questionnaire form	p. 180
List of acronyms	p. 181
Drafting Team	p. 182
Research Methods to Initiate PABITRA: The Island Ecosystem Branch of DIWPA	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
The DIWPA/PABITRA Relationship	p. 184
Underlying Theories for PABITRA	p. 186
Geoecology and Environmental Gradients	p. 190
Comparative Sampling of Upland Forests	p. 190
Sampling of Upland forests to Coastal Habitats	p. 194
Survey of Selected Taxa: The Hawai'i IBP Example	p. 195
Assessing Biodiversity Functions: Another Example from the Hawai'i IBP	p. 199
Sampling protocol of a large (80ha) forest plot	p. 199
Application of the guild concept	p. 202
Assessment of forest dynamics patterns	p. 202
PABITRA Scope for IBOY 2001	p. 204
References	p. 206
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