Bioethics : An Anthology

by Kuhse, Helga; Singer, Peter

• ISBN13: 9781405129473
• ISBN10: 1405129476
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-03-20
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The expanded and revised edition of Bioethics: An Anthology is a definitive one-volume collection of key primary texts for the study of bioethics. Brings together writings on a broad range of ethical issues relating such matters as reproduction, genetics, life and death, and animal experimentation. Now includes introductions to each of the sections. Features new coverage of the latest debates on hot topics such as genetic screening, the use of embryonic human stem cells, and resource allocation between patients. The selections are independent of any particular approach to bioethics. Can be used as a source book to complement A Companion to Bioethics (1999).

Author Biography

Helga Kuhse, former Director of the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University, Melbourne, is now Senior Honorary Research Fellow at the Centre. She is author and co-author of several books including Caring: Nurses, Women and Ethics (Blackwell 1996), Willing to Listen – Wanting to Die (1995), Individuals, Humans and Persons: Questions of Life and Death (with Peter Singer, 1994). She is the co-founder of the Blackwell journal Bioethics and is co-editor of the accompanying volume A Companion to Bioethics (Blackwell 1999).

Peter Singer is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values, Princeton University. He is the author of Animal Liberation, first published in 1975, and is widely credited with triggering the modern animal rights movement. His Practical Ethics is one of the most widely used texts in applied ethics, and Rethinking Life and Death received the 1995 Australian National Book Council’s Banjo Award for nonfiction. He was the foundation president of the International Association of Bioethics.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xii
Introduction	1	(8)
Part I Before Birth	9	(68)
Introduction	11	(4)
Abortion	15	(48)
1 Abortion and Health Care Ethics	17	(8)
JOHN FINNIS
2 Abortion and Infanticide	25	(15)
MICHAEL TOOLEY
3 A Defense of Abortion	40	(11)
JUDITH JARVIS THOMSON
4 Why Abortion is Immoral	51	(12)
DON MARQUIS
Mother—Fetus Conflict	63	(14)
5 Are Pregnant Women Fetal Containers?	65	(20)
LAURA M. PURDY
Part II Issues in Reproduction	77	(102)
Introduction	79	(6)
Assisted Reproduction	85	(28)
6 The McCaughey Septuplets: God's Will or Human Choice?	87	(3)
GREGORY E. PENCE
7 Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?	90	(10)
LAURA M. PURDY
8 A Response to Purdy	100	(4)
SUSAN DODDS AND KAREN JONES
9 The Right to Lesbian Parenthood	104	(4)
GILLIAN HANSCOMBE
10 Rights, Interests, and Possible People	108	(5)
DEREK PARFIT
Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection, and Cloning	113	(66)
11 Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children be Immoral?	115	(7)
LAURA M. PURDY
12 Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy	122	(15)
ADRIENNE ASCH
13 Genetic Technology: A Threat to Deafness	137	(8)
RUTH CHADWICK AND MAIRI LEVITT
14 Sex Selection: The Case For	145	(5)
JULIAN SAVULESCU
15 Conception to Obtain Hematopoietic Stem Cells	150	(8)
JOHN A. ROBERTSON, JEFFREY P. KAHN, AND JOHN E. WAGNER
16 Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors	158	(4)
DAVID KING
17 The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans	162	(23)
MICHAEL TOOLEY
Part III The New Genetics	179	(78)
Introduction	181	(4)
Gene Therapy and Eugenics	185	(44)
18 Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering	187	(11)
JONATHAN GLOVER
19 Ethical Issues in Manipulating the Human Germ Line	198	(11)
MARC LAPPÉ
20 The Moral Significance of the Therapy—Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics	209	(10)
DAVID B. RESNIK
21 Should We Undertake Genetic Research on Intelligence?	219	(10)
AINSLEY NEWSON AND ROBERT WILLIAMSON
Genetic Screening and Counseling	229	(28)
22 Lessons from a Dark and Distant Past	231	(6)
BENNO MÜLLER-HILL
23 Patient Autonomy and Value-Neutrality in Nondirective Genetic Counseling	237	(9)
ROBERT WACHBROIT AND DAVID WASSERMAN
24 Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future	246	(13)
DENA S. DAVIS
Part IV Life and Death Issues	257	(142)
Introduction	259	(22)
25 The Sanctity of Life	266	(10)
JONATHAN GLOVER
26 Declaration on Euthanasia	276	(5)
SACRED CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH
Killing and Letting Die	281	(20)
27 The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View	283	(5)
GERMAIN GRISEZ AND JOSEPH M. BOYLE, JR.
28 Active and Passive Euthanasia	288	(4)
JAMES RACHELS
29 Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die?	292	(5)
WINSTON NESBITT
30 Why Killing is Not Always Worse – and Sometimes Better – Than Letting Die	297	(4)
HELGA KUHSE
Severely Disabled Newborns	301	(36)
31 When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies	303	(12)
NEIL CAMPBELL
32 A Modern Myth: That Letting Die is Not the Intentional Causation of Death	315	(14)
HELGA KUHSE
33 The Abnormal Child: Moral Dilemmas of Doctors and Parents	329	(5)
R.M. HARE
34 Right to Life of Handicapped	334	(3)
ALISON DAVIS
Brain Death	337	(18)
35 A Definition of Irreversible Coma	339	(5)
REPORT OF THE AD HOC COMMITTEE OF THE HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL TO EXAMINE THE DEFINITION OF BRAIN DEATH
36 Is the Sanctity of Life Ethic Terminally Ill?	344	(11)
PETER SINGER
Advance Directives	355	(20)
37 Life Past Reason	357	(8)
RONALD DWORKIN
38 Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy	365	(10)
REBECCA DRESSER
Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide	375	(24)
39 The Note	377	(4)
CHRIS HILL
40 When Self-Determination Runs Amok	381	(5)
DANIEL CALLAHAN
41 When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok	386	(5)
JOHN LACHS
42 Listening and Helping to Die: The Dutch Way	391	(14)
PIETER ADMIRAAL
Part V Resource Allocation	399	(76)
Introduction	401	(4)
Micro-Allocation: Deciding Between Patients	405	(44)
43 Rescuing Lives: Can't We Count?	407	(3)
PAUL T. MENZEL
44 The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy	410	(11)
NICHOLAS RESCHER
45 Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?	421	(7)
ALVIN H. MOSS AND MARK SIEGLER
46 The Value of Life	428	(9)
JOHN HARRIS
47 How Age Should Matter: Justice as the Basis for Limiting Care to the Elderly	437	(12)
ROBERT M. VEATCH
Macro-Allocation: Dividing Up the Healthcare Budget	449	(26)
48 Quality of Life and Resource Allocation	451	(14)
MICHAEL LOCKWOOD
49 A Lifespan Approach to Health Care	465	(12)
NORMAN DANIELS
Part VI Organ Donation	475	(22)
Introduction	477	(20)
50 Why Give to Strangers?	479	(4)
RICHARD M. TITMUSS
51 Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway?	483	(4)
EIKE-HENNER W. KLUGE
52 The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales	487	(4)
JANET RADCLIFFE-RICHARDS ET AL
53 The Survival Lottery	491	(12)
JOHN HARRIS
Part VII Experimentation with Human Subjects	497	(62)
Introduction	499	(4)
Human Subjects	503	(38)
54 Ethics and Clinical Research	505	(8)
HENRY K. BEECHER
55 Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research	513	(7)
BENJAMIN FREEDMAN
56 The Patient and the Public Good	520	(5)
SAMUEL HELLMAN
57 The Morality of Clinical Research: A Case Study	525	(8)
TORBJÖRN TÄNNSJÖ
58 Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries	533	(6)
PETER LURIE AND SIDNEY M. WOLFE
59 We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them	539	(2)
DANSTAN BAGENDA AND PHILIPPA MUSOKE-MUDIDO
Human Embryos — Stem Cells	541	(18)
60 Question of Respect for Life: What Some [Australian] Members of Parliament Have Said About Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Parliament This Week	543	(2)
61 Stem Cells, Sex, and Procreation	545	(16)
JOHN HARRIS
Part VIII Experimentation with Animals	559	(30)
Introduction	561	(28)
62 Duties Towards Animals	564	(2)
IMMANUEL KANT
63 A Utilitarian View	566	(2)
JEREMY BENTHAM
64 All Animals are Equal	568	(10)
PETER SINGER
65 Vivisection, Morals and Medicine: An Exchange	578	(17)
R.G. FREY AND SIR WILLIAM PATON
Part IX Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare	589	(88)
Introduction	591	(4)
Confidentiality	595	(6)
66 Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept	597	(4)
MARK SIEGLER
Truth-Telling	601	(18)
67 On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives	603	(2)
IMMANUEL KANT
68 Should Doctors Tell the Truth?	605	(6)
JOSEPH COLLINS
69 On Telling Patients the Truth	611	(8)
ROGER HIGGS
Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy	619	(58)
70 On Liberty	621	(3)
JOHN STUART MILL
71 From Schloendorff v. Nem York Hospital	624	(1)
JUSTICE BENJAMIN N. CARDOZO
72 Amputees by Choice	625	(11)
CARL ELLIOTT
73 Abandoning Informed Consent	636	(10)
ROBERT M. VEATCH
74 Rational Desires and the Limitation of Life-Sustaining Treatment	646	(18)
JULIAN SAVULESCU
75 The Doctor—Patient Relationship in Different Cultures	664	(15)
RUTH MACKLIN
Part X Special Issues Facing Nurses	677	(22)
Introduction	679	(20)
76 Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses: Physicians' Orders Versus Patients' Rights	682	(8)
E. JOY KROEGER MAPPES
77 In Defense of the Traditional Nurse	690	(11)
LISA H. NEWTON
Part XI Ethicists and Ethics Committees	699	(26)
Introduction	701	(24)
78 When Philosophers Shoot from the Hip	703	(4)
JAMES RACHELS
79 Ethics Consultation as Moral Engagement	707	(8)
JONATHAN D. MORENO
80 Truth or Consequences: The Role of Philosophers in Policy-Making	715	(4)
DAN W. BROCK
81 Should the Decisions of Ethics Committees be Based on Community Values?	719	(6)
HETA HÄYRY
Index	725