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9781405129473

Bioethics : An Anthology

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781405129473

  • ISBN10:

    1405129476

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2006-03-20
  • Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
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Summary

The expanded and revised edition of Bioethics: An Anthology is a definitive one-volume collection of key primary texts for the study of bioethics. Brings together writings on a broad range of ethical issues relating such matters as reproduction, genetics, life and death, and animal experimentation. Now includes introductions to each of the sections. Features new coverage of the latest debates on hot topics such as genetic screening, the use of embryonic human stem cells, and resource allocation between patients. The selections are independent of any particular approach to bioethics. Can be used as a source book to complement A Companion to Bioethics (1999).

Author Biography

Helga Kuhse, former Director of the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University, Melbourne, is now Senior Honorary Research Fellow at the Centre. She is author and co-author of several books including Caring: Nurses, Women and Ethics (Blackwell 1996), Willing to Listen – Wanting to Die (1995), Individuals, Humans and Persons: Questions of Life and Death (with Peter Singer, 1994). She is the co-founder of the Blackwell journal Bioethics and is co-editor of the accompanying volume A Companion to Bioethics (Blackwell 1999).

Peter Singer is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values, Princeton University. He is the author of Animal Liberation, first published in 1975, and is widely credited with triggering the modern animal rights movement. His Practical Ethics is one of the most widely used texts in applied ethics, and Rethinking Life and Death received the 1995 Australian National Book Council’s Banjo Award for nonfiction. He was the foundation president of the International Association of Bioethics.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xii
Introduction 1(8)
Part I Before Birth 9(68)
Introduction
11(4)
Abortion
15(48)
1 Abortion and Health Care Ethics
17(8)
JOHN FINNIS
2 Abortion and Infanticide
25(15)
MICHAEL TOOLEY
3 A Defense of Abortion
40(11)
JUDITH JARVIS THOMSON
4 Why Abortion is Immoral
51(12)
DON MARQUIS
Mother—Fetus Conflict
63(14)
5 Are Pregnant Women Fetal Containers?
65(20)
LAURA M. PURDY
Part II Issues in Reproduction 77(102)
Introduction
79(6)
Assisted Reproduction
85(28)
6 The McCaughey Septuplets: God's Will or Human Choice?
87(3)
GREGORY E. PENCE
7 Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?
90(10)
LAURA M. PURDY
8 A Response to Purdy
100(4)
SUSAN DODDS AND KAREN JONES
9 The Right to Lesbian Parenthood
104(4)
GILLIAN HANSCOMBE
10 Rights, Interests, and Possible People
108(5)
DEREK PARFIT
Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection, and Cloning
113(66)
11 Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children be Immoral?
115(7)
LAURA M. PURDY
12 Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy
122(15)
ADRIENNE ASCH
13 Genetic Technology: A Threat to Deafness
137(8)
RUTH CHADWICK AND MAIRI LEVITT
14 Sex Selection: The Case For
145(5)
JULIAN SAVULESCU
15 Conception to Obtain Hematopoietic Stem Cells
150(8)
JOHN A. ROBERTSON, JEFFREY P. KAHN, AND JOHN E. WAGNER
16 Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors
158(4)
DAVID KING
17 The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans
162(23)
MICHAEL TOOLEY
Part III The New Genetics 179(78)
Introduction
181(4)
Gene Therapy and Eugenics
185(44)
18 Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering
187(11)
JONATHAN GLOVER
19 Ethical Issues in Manipulating the Human Germ Line
198(11)
MARC LAPPÉ
20 The Moral Significance of the Therapy—Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics
209(10)
DAVID B. RESNIK
21 Should We Undertake Genetic Research on Intelligence?
219(10)
AINSLEY NEWSON AND ROBERT WILLIAMSON
Genetic Screening and Counseling
229(28)
22 Lessons from a Dark and Distant Past
231(6)
BENNO MÜLLER-HILL
23 Patient Autonomy and Value-Neutrality in Nondirective Genetic Counseling
237(9)
ROBERT WACHBROIT AND DAVID WASSERMAN
24 Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future
246(13)
DENA S. DAVIS
Part IV Life and Death Issues 257(142)
Introduction
259(22)
25 The Sanctity of Life
266(10)
JONATHAN GLOVER
26 Declaration on Euthanasia
276(5)
SACRED CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH
Killing and Letting Die
281(20)
27 The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View
283(5)
GERMAIN GRISEZ AND JOSEPH M. BOYLE, JR.
28 Active and Passive Euthanasia
288(4)
JAMES RACHELS
29 Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die?
292(5)
WINSTON NESBITT
30 Why Killing is Not Always Worse – and Sometimes Better – Than Letting Die
297(4)
HELGA KUHSE
Severely Disabled Newborns
301(36)
31 When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies
303(12)
NEIL CAMPBELL
32 A Modern Myth: That Letting Die is Not the Intentional Causation of Death
315(14)
HELGA KUHSE
33 The Abnormal Child: Moral Dilemmas of Doctors and Parents
329(5)
R.M. HARE
34 Right to Life of Handicapped
334(3)
ALISON DAVIS
Brain Death
337(18)
35 A Definition of Irreversible Coma
339(5)
REPORT OF THE AD HOC COMMITTEE OF THE HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL TO EXAMINE THE DEFINITION OF BRAIN DEATH
36 Is the Sanctity of Life Ethic Terminally Ill?
344(11)
PETER SINGER
Advance Directives
355(20)
37 Life Past Reason
357(8)
RONALD DWORKIN
38 Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy
365(10)
REBECCA DRESSER
Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide
375(24)
39 The Note
377(4)
CHRIS HILL
40 When Self-Determination Runs Amok
381(5)
DANIEL CALLAHAN
41 When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok
386(5)
JOHN LACHS
42 Listening and Helping to Die: The Dutch Way
391(14)
PIETER ADMIRAAL
Part V Resource Allocation 399(76)
Introduction
401(4)
Micro-Allocation: Deciding Between Patients
405(44)
43 Rescuing Lives: Can't We Count?
407(3)
PAUL T. MENZEL
44 The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy
410(11)
NICHOLAS RESCHER
45 Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?
421(7)
ALVIN H. MOSS AND MARK SIEGLER
46 The Value of Life
428(9)
JOHN HARRIS
47 How Age Should Matter: Justice as the Basis for Limiting Care to the Elderly
437(12)
ROBERT M. VEATCH
Macro-Allocation: Dividing Up the Healthcare Budget
449(26)
48 Quality of Life and Resource Allocation
451(14)
MICHAEL LOCKWOOD
49 A Lifespan Approach to Health Care
465(12)
NORMAN DANIELS
Part VI Organ Donation 475(22)
Introduction
477(20)
50 Why Give to Strangers?
479(4)
RICHARD M. TITMUSS
51 Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway?
483(4)
EIKE-HENNER W. KLUGE
52 The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales
487(4)
JANET RADCLIFFE-RICHARDS ET AL
53 The Survival Lottery
491(12)
JOHN HARRIS
Part VII Experimentation with Human Subjects 497(62)
Introduction
499(4)
Human Subjects
503(38)
54 Ethics and Clinical Research
505(8)
HENRY K. BEECHER
55 Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research
513(7)
BENJAMIN FREEDMAN
56 The Patient and the Public Good
520(5)
SAMUEL HELLMAN
57 The Morality of Clinical Research: A Case Study
525(8)
TORBJÖRN TÄNNSJÖ
58 Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries
533(6)
PETER LURIE AND SIDNEY M. WOLFE
59 We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them
539(2)
DANSTAN BAGENDA AND PHILIPPA MUSOKE-MUDIDO
Human Embryos — Stem Cells
541(18)
60 Question of Respect for Life: What Some [Australian] Members of Parliament Have Said About Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Parliament This Week
543(2)
61 Stem Cells, Sex, and Procreation
545(16)
JOHN HARRIS
Part VIII Experimentation with Animals 559(30)
Introduction
561(28)
62 Duties Towards Animals
564(2)
IMMANUEL KANT
63 A Utilitarian View
566(2)
JEREMY BENTHAM
64 All Animals are Equal
568(10)
PETER SINGER
65 Vivisection, Morals and Medicine: An Exchange
578(17)
R.G. FREY AND SIR WILLIAM PATON
Part IX Ethical Issues in the Practice of Healthcare 589(88)
Introduction
591(4)
Confidentiality
595(6)
66 Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept
597(4)
MARK SIEGLER
Truth-Telling
601(18)
67 On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives
603(2)
IMMANUEL KANT
68 Should Doctors Tell the Truth?
605(6)
JOSEPH COLLINS
69 On Telling Patients the Truth
611(8)
ROGER HIGGS
Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy
619(58)
70 On Liberty
621(3)
JOHN STUART MILL
71 From Schloendorff v. Nem York Hospital
624(1)
JUSTICE BENJAMIN N. CARDOZO
72 Amputees by Choice
625(11)
CARL ELLIOTT
73 Abandoning Informed Consent
636(10)
ROBERT M. VEATCH
74 Rational Desires and the Limitation of Life-Sustaining Treatment
646(18)
JULIAN SAVULESCU
75 The Doctor—Patient Relationship in Different Cultures
664(15)
RUTH MACKLIN
Part X Special Issues Facing Nurses 677(22)
Introduction
679(20)
76 Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses: Physicians' Orders Versus Patients' Rights
682(8)
E. JOY KROEGER MAPPES
77 In Defense of the Traditional Nurse
690(11)
LISA H. NEWTON
Part XI Ethicists and Ethics Committees 699(26)
Introduction
701(24)
78 When Philosophers Shoot from the Hip
703(4)
JAMES RACHELS
79 Ethics Consultation as Moral Engagement
707(8)
JONATHAN D. MORENO
80 Truth or Consequences: The Role of Philosophers in Policy-Making
715(4)
DAN W. BROCK
81 Should the Decisions of Ethics Committees be Based on Community Values?
719(6)
HETA HÄYRY
Index 725

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