Bioethics An Anthology

by Schü; klenk, Udo; Singer, Peter

• ISBN13: 9781119635116
• ISBN10: 111963511X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2021-09-08
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The new edition of the classic collection of key readings in bioethics, fully updated to reflect the latest developments and main issues in the field 

For more than two decades, Bioethics: An Anthology has been widely regarded as the definitive single-volume compendium of seminal readings on both traditional and cutting-edge ethical issues in biology and medicine. Acclaimed for its scope and depth of coverage, this landmark work brings together compelling writings by internationally-renowned bioethicist to help readers develop a thorough understanding of the central ideas, critical issues, and current debate in the field.

Now fully revised and updated, the fourth edition contains a wealth of new content on ethical questions and controversies related to the COVID-19 pandemic, advances in CRISPR gene editing technology, physician-assisted death, public health and vaccinations, transgender children, medical aid in dying, the morality of ending the lives of newborns, and much more. Throughout the new edition, carefully selected essays explore a wide range of topics and offer diverse perspectives that underscore the interdisciplinary nature of bioethical study. Edited by two of the field’s most respected scholars, Bioethics: An Anthology:

• Covers an unparalleled range of thematically-organized topics in a single volume
• Discusses recent high-profile cases, debates, and ethical issues
• Features three brand-new sections: Conscientious Objection, Academic Freedom and Research, and Disability
• Contains new essays on topics such as brain death, life and death decisions for the critically ill, experiments on humans and animals, neuroethics, and the use of drugs to ease the pain of unrequited love
• Includes a detailed index that allows the reader to easily find terms and topics of interest

Bioethics: An Anthology, Fourth Edition remains a must-have resource for all students, lecturers, and researchers studying the ethical implications of the health-related life sciences, and an invaluable reference for doctors, nurses, and other professionals working in health care and the biomedical sciences.

Author Biography

UDO SCHÜKLENK is Ontario Research Chair in Bioethics and Public Policy, Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He has held academic appointments in Australia, the UK, and South Africa, and is a long-serving Joint Editor-in-Chief of the journal Bioethics, the official publication of the International Association of Bioethics.

PETER SINGER is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University, USA. He is best known as the author of Animal Liberation, widely considered to be the founding statement of the animal rights movement, and for his role in inspiring the growth of effective altruism.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

 

Introduction 

 

Part I      Abortion

 

Introduction

 

1.            Abortion and Infanticide Michael Tooley

 

2.            A Defense of Abortion Judith Jarvis Thomson

 

3.            The Wrong of Abortion  Patrick Lee and Robert George

From Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Health Wellman, eds., Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014),

 

4.            Why Abortion is Immoral Don Marquis

 

Part II    Issues in Reproduction

 

Introduction

 

Assisted Reproduction

5.            Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God’s Will or Human Choice?

                Greg Pence

 

6.            The Meaning of Synthetic Gametes for Gay and Lesbian People and Bioethics too Timothy Murphy J Med Ethics 2014;40:762–765.

 

7.            Rights, Interests and Possible People       Derek Parfit

               

Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection and Cloning

 

8.            Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral? Laura M. Purdy            

               

9             Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

                The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine

 

10.          Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl

               

11.          Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to be Selected as Tissue Donors

                David King

 

12.          Cloning, Tooley

 

Part III                   Genetic Manipulation

 

Introduction

 

13.          Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering Jonathan Glover

 

14.          The Moral Significance of the Therapy-Enhancement Distinction in Human             Genetics David B. Resnik

 

15.          In Defense of Posthuman Dignity Nick Bostrom  

 

16.          Francis Collins, “Statement on NIH funding of research using gene-editing technologies in human embryos,” https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/statement-nih-funding-research-using-gene-editing-technologies-human-embryos

 

17.          Cavaliere, G. 2018. Genome editing and assisted reproduction: curing embryos, society or prospective parents.  Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21: 215-225.

 

18.          R Alta Charo. Who’s afraid of the big bad (germline editing) wolf?

 

19.           Julian Savulescu & Peter Singer “An ethical pathway for gene editing,” Bioethics  33 (2): 221-222 (2019).

 

 

Part IV                  Life and Death Issues

 

Introduction

 

20.          The Sanctity of Life          Jonathan Glover              

 

21.          Declaration on Euthanasia  Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

 

Killing and Letting Die

 

22.          Active and Passive Euthanasia James Rachels

 

23.          The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr.

 

24.          Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? Winston  Nesbitt

 

25.          Why Killing Is Not Always Worse Than Letting Die Helga Kuhse

 

26.          Moral Fiction and Medical Ethics Franklin Miller, Robert Truog and Dan Brock

 

Newborns

 

 

27.          Robert Sade, “Can a physician ever justifiably euthanize a severely disabled neonate?” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149, p. 532 (2015).

 

28.          Gilbert Meilaender, “No to infant euthanasia,” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149, pp. 533-4 (2015).

 

29.          Udo Schuklenk, “Physicians can justifiably euthanize certain severely impaired neonates,” The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149, pp. 535-7 (2015).

 

30.          Gary Comstock, “You Should not have let your baby die” The New York Times (The Stone) July 12 ,2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/opinion/you-should-not-have-let-your-baby-die.html

 

31. Giubilini & Minerva: post birth abortion

 

32.          Christopher Kaczor, “Does a human being gain the right to live after he or she is born?” from Kaczor, “Abortion as a Human Rights Violation,” in Greasley and Kaczor, Abortion Rights: For and Against, Cambridge UP, 2018, pp. 92-98.

 

33.          Wilkinson, D, Savulescu, J. 2018. Hard lessons: learning from the Charlie Card case. Journal of medical ethics 44: 438-442.

Brain Death

 

34.          A Definition of Irreversible Coma               Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death

 

               

35.          The President’s Council on Bioethics, “The Philosophical Debate,” from Controversies in the Determination of Death, pp.49-68.

 

36.          Peter Singer, 2018. The challenge of brain  death for the sanctity of life ethic. Ethics & Bioethics in Central Europe 8(3-4): 153-165.

 

37.          McMahan, J. 2006. Alternative to Brain Death. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 34: 44-48.(using only the section “An Alternative Understanding of Brain Death,” pp.47-8, with some editing, to remove references to the earlier section.)

 

Advance Directives

 

38.          Life Past Reason Ronald Dworkin

 

39.          Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy Rebecca Dresser

 

Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide

 

40.          The Note             Chris Hill

 

41.          When Self-Determination Runs Amok     Daniel Callahan

 

42.          When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok John Lachs

 

43.          Steinbock, B. 2017. Physician-assisted death and severe, treatment-resistant depression. Hastings Center Report 47(5): 30-42. [Steinbock has agreed to update]

44.          Rooney, W, Schuklenk, U, Vathorst, S vd. 2018. Are concerns about irremediableness, vulnerability, or competence sufficient to exclude all psychiatric patients from medical aid in dying? Health Care Analysis 26: 326-343

 

 

Part V:                  Resource Allocation

 

Introduction

 

45.          Peter Singer, Lucy Winkett. In a pandemic, should we save younger lives?

 

 

46.          The Value of Life               John Harris

 

47.          Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination

                Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord

 

48.          Rescuing Lives: Can’t We Count?               Paul T. Menzel

 

49.          Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?

                Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler

 

 

               

 

Part VI:                 Obtaining Organs

 

Introduction

 

50.          Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway? Eike-Henner Kluge

 

51.          The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales           Janet Radcliffe-Richards et al

 

52.          Ethical Issues in the Supply And Demand of Human Kidneys

                Debra Satz

 

53.          The Survival Lottery        John Harris

 

 

 

Part VII:                Ethical Issues in Research

               

Introduction

               

Experimentation with Humans

 

54.          The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978, pp. 1-20.

 

55.          Scientific Research is a Moral Duty           John Harris

 

56.          Participation in research is an imperfect moral duty: a response to John Harris    Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple

 

57.          Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of Human        Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolf

 

58.          We’re Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them

                Danstan Bagenda and Philippa Musoke-Mudido

 

59.          Pandemic Ethics: The Case for Risky Research Peter Singer and Richard Yetter Chappell,

 

 

 

Experimentation with Animals

 

60.          Duties Towards Animals Immanuel Kant

 

61.          A Utilitarian View Jeremy Bentham

 

62.          Nathan Nobis, "Harmful, Nontherapeutic Use of Animals in Research is Morally Wrong," American Journal of the Medical Sciences, October 2011, vol. 342, no. 4, pp. 297-304

 

63.          Dario Ringach, "Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research," American Journal of the Medical Sciences, October 2011, vol. 342, no. 4, pp. 305-313

 

64.          Neuhaus, CP. 2018. Ethical issues when modelling brain disorders in non-human primates. Journal of medical ethics 44: 323-327

 

 

Academic Freedom and Research

 

65.          J.S. Mill, On Liberty, Ch II “Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion” (extract) First published 1859

 

66.          Janet Kourany,”Should some knowledge be forbidden: the case of cognitive differences research” Philosophy of Science, 83 (December 2016) pp. 779–790.

 

67.          James Flynn “Academic freedom and race: You ought not to believe what you think may be true” Journal of Criminal Justice (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.05.010

 

 

Part VIII:                                              Public Health Issues

 

Introduction

 

68.          Ethics and Infectious Diseases Michael Selgelid

 

69.          XDR-TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency

                J.A. Singh, R. Upshur, Nesri Padayatchi

 

70.          VIjayaprasad GopIChandran Clinical ethics during the Covid-19 pandemic: Missing the trees for the forest

 

71.          Giubilini, A, Douglas, T, Savulescu, J. 2018. The moral obligation to be vaccinated: utilitarianism, contractualism and collective easy rescue. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21: 547-560.

 

72.          Levy, N. 2019. Taking Responsibility for Responsibility. Public Health Ethics https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz001

 

Part IX:                 Ethical Issues in the Practice of                                                                   Healthcare

 

Introduction

 

When do doctors have a duty to treat?

 

73.          U Schuklenk. What health care professionals owe us: why their duty to treat during a pandemic is contingent on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Journal of medical ethics

 

74.          Conscientious Objection in Health Care, Mark Wicclair, from Ethics in Practice: An Anthology, Fifth Edition, edited by Hugh LaFollete, Wiley, forthcoming, 2020.        

 

75.          Schuklenk, U. 2018. Conscientious objection in medicine: accommodation versus professionalism and the public good. British Medical Bulletin 126: 47-56.

 

Confidentiality

 

76.          Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept Mark Siegler

 

77.          KIPNIS

 

Truth-Telling

 

78.          On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives           Immanuel Kant

 

79.          Should Doctors Tell the Truth?   Joseph Collins

 

80.          On Telling Patients the Truth       Roger Higgs

 

 

 

Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy

 

81.          On Liberty, Chapter I (extract) John Stuart Mill

 

82.          from Schloendorff v. New York Hospital Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo

 

83.          Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges Tom L.Beauchamp

 

84.          The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Different Cultures Ruth Macklin

 

85.          Maura Priest. 2019. Transgender children and the right to transition: medical ethics when parents mean well but cause harm. AJOB 19: 45-59

 

86.          Amputee by Choice Carl Elliot

 

87.          Rational Desires and the Limitations of Life-Sustaining Treatment

                Julian Savulescu

 

 

Part X  Disability

 

88.          Elizabeth Barnes, “Valuing Disability, Causing Disability,” Ethics, 125 (2014) pp, 88-113

 

89.          Greg Bognar “Is Disability Mere Difference”  J Med Ethics 2016;42:46–49

 

90.          Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion:            A Challenge to Practice and Policy             Adrienne Asch [moved from prenatal screening section]

                               

91.          Renata Lindeman, “Down syndrome screening isn’t about public health. It’s about eliminating a group of people.” Washington Post, June 16, 2015

 

92.          Ruth Marcus, “I would have aborted a fetus with Down syndrome: women need that right.” Washington Post, March 9, 2018.

Part XI:                                 Neuroethics

 

Introduction

               

93.          Neuroethics: Ethics and the Sciences of the Mind               N. Levy

               

94.          Engineering Love Julian Savulescu and Anders Sandberg

 

95.         Unrequited Love Hurts Francesca Minerva forthcoming in the Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics

 

96.          GLANNON

 

97.          KRAEMER

 

98 .         GOERING & YUSTE