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The energy industry and new energy sources and innovations are rapidly changing and evolving. This new volume addresses the current state-of-the-art concepts and technologies associated with biofuel extraction technologies.
Biofuels are a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuel because they are produced from organic materials such as plants and their wastes, agricultural crops, and by-products. The development of cutting-edge technology has increased the need for energy significantly, which has resulted in an overreliance on fossil fuels. Renewable fuels are an important subject of research because of their biodegradability, eco-friendliness, decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and favorable socioeconomic consequences to counteract imitations of fossil fuels.
Different extraction techniques are used for the production of biofuel from renewable feedstocks. A good example is biodiesel, a promising biofuel which is produced by transesterification of plant-based oils. Extraction of oil includes traditional methods, solvent extraction, mechanical extraction, microwave-assisted and ultrasonic-assisted methods. Many innovative techniques are also used to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. Microwave-assisted and ultrasonic-assisted are some of the new techniques which include the pre-treatment of the raw material using either ultrasonic waves or radio waves which helps in increasing the efficiency of the extraction of oil and improves the final quality of the oil.
Written and edited a team of experts in the field, this exciting new volume covers all of these technologies with a view toward giving the engineer, scientist, or other professional the practical solutions for their day-to-day problems. It also contains the theory behind the practical applications, as well, making it the perfect reference for students and engineers alike. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.
Lalit Prasad, PhD, is a professor in the Division of Chemistry at the School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India.
Subhalaxmi Pradhan, PhD, is also a professor in the Division of Chemistry at the School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India.
S. N. Naik, PhD, is a professor at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Preface xix
1 Plant Seed Oils and Their Potential for Biofuel Production in India 1
L. C. Meher and S. N. Naik
2 Processing of Feedstock in Context of Biodiesel Production 25
Durgawati and Rama Chandra Pradhan
3 Extraction Techniques for Biodiesel Production 51
Soumya Parida and Subhalaxmi Pradhan
4 Role of Additives on Anaerobic Digestion, Biomethane Generation, and Stabilization of Process Parameters 101
Adya Isha, Bhaskar Jha, Tinku Casper D'Silva, Subodh Kumar, Sameer Ahmed Khan, Dushyant Kumar, Ram Chandra and Virendra Kumar Vijay
5 An Overview on Established and Emerging Biogas Upgradation Systems for Improving Biomethane Quality 125
Tinku Casper D'Silva, Adya Isha, Subodh Kumar, Sameer Ahmad Khan, Dushyant Kumar, Ram Chandra and Virendra Kumar Vijay
6 Renewable Feedstocks for Biofuels 151
Monika Chauhan, Vanshika, Ajay Kumar, Diwakar Chauhan and Arvind Kumar Jain
7 Extraction Techniques of Gas-to-Liquids (GtL) Fuels 177
Sonali Kesarwani, Divya Bajpai Tripathy and Pooja Bhadana
8 Second Generation Biofuels and Extraction Techniques 207
Prashant Kumar, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Shreya Tripathi, Deepak Kumar, Ashween Deepak Nannaware, Shivani Chaturvedi and Prasant Kumar Rout
9 Bio-Alcohol: Production, Purification, and Analysis Using Analytical Techniques 257
Smrita Singh, Susanta Roy, Lalit Prasad and Ashutosh Singh Chauhan
10 Studies on Extraction Techniques of Bio-Hydrogen 291
C. S. Madankar, Priti Borde and P. D. Meshram
11 Valorization of By-Products Produced During the Extraction and Purification of Biofuels 307
Subodh Kumar, Tinku Casper D'Silva, Dushyant Kumar, Adya Isha, Sameer Ahmad Khan, Ram Chandra, Anushree Malik and Virendra Kumar Vijay
12 Valorization of Byproducts Produced During Extraction and Purification of Biodiesel: A Promising Biofuel 333
Gunjan, Radhika Singh and Subhalaxmi Pradhan
13 Biofuel Applications: Quality Control and Assurance, Techno-Economics and Environmental Sustainability 367
Sameer Ahmad Khan, Dushyant Kumar, Subodh Kumar, Adya Isha, Tinku Casper D'Silva, Ram Chandra and Virendra Kumar Vijay
14 Role of CO2 Triggered Switchable Polarity Solvents and Supercritical Solvents During Biofuel Extraction 421
Anupama Sharma, Pinki Chakraborty, Karthikay Sankhyadhar, Sandeep Kumar and Monisha Singh
15 Efficiency of Catalysts During Biofuel Extraction 441
Gajanan Sahu, Sudipta Datta, Sujan Saha, Prakash D. Chavan, Deshal Yadav and Vishal Chauhan
16 Microorganisms as Effective CO2 Assimilator for Biofuel Production 495
Chandreyee Saha and Subhalaxmi Pradhan
17 Global Aspects of Biofuel Extraction 523
Shilpi Bhatnagar and Shilpi Khurana
18 New Advancements of Biofuel Extractions and Future Trends 543
Rita Sharma, Kuldip Dwivedi, Bhavna Sharma and Shashank Sharma
References 556
About the Editors 559
Index 561
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