Biogeochemistry of Global Change

by Oremland, Ronald S.

• ISBN13: 9780412041419
• ISBN10: 0412041413
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1993-08-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Certain trace gases in the atmosphere are able to absorb electromagnetic energy from the reflection of solar radiation from the Earth's surface. These gases have been increasing steadily and there is concern that they will change global climatic conditions by warming the atmosphere--the so-called ''greenhouse effect.'' Many of these gases originate from biological systems. The Biogeochemistry of Global Change discusses the role of radiative trace gases in this process. The disciplines covered in the book include microbiology, geochemistry, atmospheric chemistry, plant physiology, oceanography and limnology, and soil science. This diversity allows for cross-fertilization, achieving a better understanding of the complex mechanisms for biological and chemical formation, the destruction of trace gases, and the manipulation of ecosystems. Some of the topics covered include: biological mechanisms of formation and destruction of various ''greenhouse'' gases (such as methane, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, dimethylsulfide, and chlorofluorocarbons); the outward and consumptive flux of trace gases from marine and terrestrial systems (including anthropogenic sources); global trace gas modeling studies; the atmospheric physical and chemical reactions of trace gases; and the environmental significance of various trace gases in ancient and current atmospheres. The Biogeochemistry of Global Change provides both reviews and primary source material for active researchers in this field and for microbiologists and atmospheric chemists.

Table of Contents

Preface
Paleoatmospheres and Climates
Biogeochemical Cycles of Carbon on a Hierarchy of Time Scales	p. 3
Ice Core Records as a Key to Understanding the History of Atmospheric Trace Gases	p. 29
Ancient Ice Air Content of the Vostok Ice Core	p. 46
Late Jurassic Paleoclimate of Pangea Based on Results from a General Circulation Model	p. 61
Distributions, Reactions, Sources, and Sinks
The Sensitivity of the Global Atmosphere to Anthropogenic Methane Sources	p. 83
A Time-Dependent Two Dimensional-Model Study of the Trend in Atmospheric Methane	p. 98
The Influence of Tropical Biomass Burning on Climate and the Atmospheric Environment	p. 113
Long-Term Effects of Fossil-Fuel-Burning and Deforestation on Levels of Atmospheric CO[subscript 2]	p. 151
Models of Oceanic and Terrestrial Sinks of Anthropogenic CO[subscript 2]: A Review of the Contemporary Carbon Cycle	p. 166
Terrestrial Systems
Agriculture, the Global Nitrogen Cycle, and Trace Gas Flux	p. 193
Sulfur Gas Emissions from African Savanna-Burning	p. 209
Methane Production and Uptake in Some Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Former USSR	p. 221
Emission of N-Oxides from Acid Irrigated and Limed Soils of a Coniferous Forest in Bavaria	p. 245
Production of Methane and Nitrous Oxide by Organic Soils within a Northern Hardwood Forest Ecosystem	p. 261
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Nitrification Inhibitors on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Irrigated Corn	p. 278
Nitric and Nitrous Oxide Evolution from Managed Subtropical Grassland	p. 290
Mechanisms Controlling Methane Emission from Wetland Rice Fields	p. 317
Mechanism of Methane Transport by Rice Plants	p. 336
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Methane Flux from a Rice Paddy Field	p. 353
Soil Water Content and the Ratio of Nitrous Oxide to Nitric Oxide Emitted from Soil	p. 369
Respiration of Cultivated Histosols in Field and Laboratory Measurements and the Relationships between Respiration and Soil Properties	p. 387
Emission of Biogenic Sulfur Gases from Rice Paddies in Japan	p. 405
Emissions of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane from Cattle Slurry	p. 419
Sources and Migration of Methane-Rich Gas in Sedimentary Rocks of the Exmouth Plateau: Northwest Australian Continental Margin	p. 434
Boreal Systems
Methane Emissions from Northern High-Latitude Wetlands	p. 449
Studies of Permafrost and Gas-Hydrates as Possible Sources of Atmospheric Methane at High Latitudes	p. 487
Aquatic Systems
The Oceanic Global Methane Cycle	p. 505
Global Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes from Shallow-Water Marine Carbonate Frameworks	p. 521
Effects of Seagrass Die-Off on Benthic Fluxes and Porewater Concentrations of [actual symbol not reproducible] and CH[subscript 4] in Florida Bay Sediments	p. 530
The Oceanic Distribution of Methane and Its Flux to the Atmosphere over Southern California Waters	p. 551
The Carbon Isotope Biogeochemistry of Methane Production in Anoxic Sediments: 1. Field Observations	p. 574
The Carbon Isotope Biogeochemistry of Methane Production in Anoxic Sediments: 2. A Laboratory Experiment	p. 594
Oxidation of Methane by Deep-Sea Mytilids in the Gulf of Mexico	p. 606
Seasonal Variations in the Isotopic Composition of Methane Associated with Aquatic Macrophytes	p. 619
Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification in the Intertidal and Subtidal Environments of Tomales Bay, California	p. 633
The Influence of Glycine Betaine on Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Concentrations in Seawater	p. 654
Sulfur Cycling in Laminated Marine Microbial Ecosystems	p. 672
Biological Consumption of Dimethyl Sulfide in the Marine Euphotic Zone: Results of Radioisotope Experiments	p. 691
Aspects of the Biogeochemistry of Methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California	p. 704
Biogenesis and Catabolism
Bacterial Transformations of Organic Sulfur Compounds in Marine Environments	p. 745
Formation of Dimethylsulfide and Methanethiol from Methoxylated Aromatic Compounds and Inorganic Sulfide by Newly Isolated Anaerobic Bacteria	p. 782
Catabolism of Dimethylsulfide and Methane Thiol by Methylotrophic Methanogens	p. 796
Bromoperoxidases: Their Role in the Formation of HOBr and Bromoform by Seaweeds	p. 811
Microbiological Transformations of Low-Molecular-Weight Carbon Compounds in the Deep Subsurface	p. 825
Biological and Chemical Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments	p. 839
Index	p. 853
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