Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter

by Hansell; Carlson

• ISBN13: 9780123238412
• ISBN10: 0123238412
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-06-06
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Interest in marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is very high because it plays an important role in oceanic and global carbon cycling, which in turn impacts weather. Understanding the processes involved in the transformations of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other major elements in the oceans has been a primary goal of marine biogeochemists and oceanographers over the past decade. This book, in 16 chapters with over 170 figures and tables, reports on the major advances in this area by a distinguished group of international chemical and biological oceanographers. Additionally, it focuses on the role of DOM in elemental cycling - where the greatest informational need currently exists.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii
Foreword	xv
Preface	xxi
Why Dissolved Organics Matter?
John I. Hedges
Introduction	1	(1)
DOM Research Pre-1970	2	(5)
DOM Research in the 1970s	7	(4)
DOM Research in the 1980s	11	(2)
``New'' DON and DOC	13	(10)
Why Dissolved Organics Matter	23	(2)
What did we Learn?	25	(10)
References	27	(8)
Analytical Methods for Total DOM Pools
Jonathan H. Sharp
Introduction	35	(2)
Dissolved Organic Carbon Analysis	37	(8)
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Analysis	45	(4)
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus Analysis	49	(2)
Multielemental Methods	51	(1)
The Limits of Elemental Analyses	51	(1)
The Need for Continual use of Reference Materials	52	(7)
References	54	(5)
Chemical Composition and Reactivity
Ronald Benner
Introduction	59	(5)
Distribution and Chemical Characteristics of Bulk Marine DOM	64	(16)
Major Topics of Ongoing and Future Research About the Cycling of DOM	80	(11)
References	85	(6)
Production and Removal Processes
Craig A. Carlson
Introduction	91	(1)
DOM Production Processes	92	(24)
DOM Removal Processes	116	(7)
DOM Lability	123	(10)
DOM Accumulation	133	(4)
Summary	137	(16)
References	139	(14)
Dynamics of DON
Deborah A. Bronk
Introduction	153	(1)
Concentration and Composition of the DON Pool	154	(32)
Sources of DON	186	(21)
Sinks for DON	207	(19)
DON Turnover Times	226	(1)
Summary	227	(23)
References	231	(19)
Dynamics of DOP
D. M. Karl
K. M. Bjorkman
Introduction	250	(3)
Terms, Definitions, and Concentration Units	253	(5)
The Early Years of Pelagic Marine P-Cycle Research (1884--1955)	258	(4)
The Pelagic Marine P-Cycle: Key Pools and Processes	262	(4)
Sampling, Incubation, Storage, and Analytical Considerations	266	(14)
DOP in the Sea: Variations in Space	280	(14)
DOP in the Sea: Variations in Time	294	(12)
DOP Pool Characterization	306	(28)
DOP Production, Utilization, and Remineralization	334	(13)
Conclusions and Prospectus	347	(20)
References	348	(19)
Marine Colloids and Trace Metals
Mark L. Wells
Introduction	367	(2)
Definition of Marine Colloids	369	(3)
Analytical Methods	372	(8)
Metal Content of Marine Colloidal Matter	380	(5)
The Chemical Form of Colloidal Metals	385	(3)
Particulate-Based Estimates of Colloidal Metal Concentrations	388	(1)
Sources of Metal-Complexing Colloidal Ligands	389	(1)
Measurement of Colloid Reaction Rates	390	(5)
The Biological Availability of Colloidal Bioactive Metals	395	(1)
Summary	396	(9)
References	397	(8)
Carbon Isotopic Composition of DOM
James E. Bauer
Introduction	405	(2)
Conventions and Definitions for Expressing Isotopic Contents of DOC	407	(6)
Methods for Extracting DOC from Seawater for Isotopic Analysis	413	(2)
Measurements and Distributions of δ13C and Δ14C in Marine DOC	415	(15)
Applications of δ13C and Δ14C in Marine DOC Cycling Studies	430	(13)
Summary and Future Challenges	443	(13)
References	446	(10)
Photochemistry and the Cycling of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Kenneth Mopper
David J. Kieber
Introduction	456	(1)
Photochemical Transformation of Riverine and Marsh-Derived DOM Inputs to the Sea	457	(1)
Impact of Photochemistry on Elemental Cycles	458	(18)
Unresolved Questions and Future Research	476	(33)
References	479	(11)
Appendix 1	490	(8)
Appendix 2	498	(2)
Appendix 3	500	(3)
Appendix 4	503	(6)
Chromophoric DOM in the Coastal Environment
Neil V. Blough
Rossana Del Vecchio
Introduction	509	(4)
Optical Properties	513	(19)
Distribution	532	(2)
Sources and Sinks	534	(5)
Summary and Future Areas of Research	539	(8)
References	540	(7)
Chromophoric DOM in the Open Ocean
Norman B. Nelson
David A. Siegel
Introduction	547	(2)
Characterization of CDOM	549	(8)
Observed CDOM Dynamics	557	(4)
Global CDOM Distribution Patterns	561	(6)
Relationship Between DOM and CDOM in the Open Ocean	567	(1)
Implications for Photochemistry and Photobiology	568	(3)
Needs for Future Advances	571	(8)
References	573	(6)
DOM in the Coastal Zone
Gustave Cauwet
Introduction	579	(1)
River Inputs	580	(8)
Estuarine Processes	588	(7)
Accumulation of DOM in the Coastal Zone and Export Processes	595	(5)
Conclusions	600	(12)
References	602	(10)
Sediment Pore Waters
David J. Burdige
Introduction	612	(2)
Dissolved Organic Carbon in Sediment Pore Waters	614	(17)
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON)	631	(5)
DOM Compositional Data	636	(5)
The Role of Benthic DOM Fluxes in the Ocean Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles	641	(7)
The Role of Pore-Water DOM in Sediment Carbon Preservation	648	(2)
Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research	650	(15)
Appendix: A Description of the DOM Advection/Diffusion/Reaction Model	651	(2)
References	653	(12)
DOC in the Arctic Ocean
Leif G. Anderson
Introduction	665	(2)
Sources of DOC to the Arctic Ocean	667	(7)
Composition and Distribution of DOC within the Arctic Ocean	674	(5)
Summary of Sources and Sinks	679	(6)
References	681	(4)
DOC in the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle
Dennis A. Hansell
Introduction	685	(2)
Distribution of DOC	687	(10)
Net Community Production of DOC	697	(5)
Contribution of DOC to the Biological Pump	702	(7)
Research Priorities	709	(2)
Summary	711	(6)
References	711	(6)
Modeling DOM Biogeochemistry
James R. Christian
Thomas R. Anderson
Introduction	717	(2)
Ecosystem Modeling Studies	719	(15)
Modeling the Role of DOM in Ocean Biogeochemistry	734	(9)
Discussion and Conclusions	743	(14)
References	747	(10)
Index	757