Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach, 7th Edition

by C. Barry Cox (Formerly Kings College, London); Peter D. Moore (Kings College, London)

• ISBN13: 9781405118989
• ISBN10: 1405118989
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-02-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

The latest edition of this highly successful and popular textbook has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in biogeography. It offers excellent insight into the multi-disciplinary nature of biogeography, providing the student with a sound historical base, up-to-date factual content and a clear explanation of current controversies. New chapter on molecular evidence for the interpretation of patterns of biogeography New section on the biogeography of parasitic diseases Strong use of references providing a platform for advanced students to follow further debate in the current literature Balanced treatment of continental biogeography, island biogeography and marine biogeography

Author Biography

Barry Cox was formerly head of Biological Sciences at King’s College London. He was originally a vertebrate palaeontologist, but soon became also interested in the patterns of distribution of life in the past. He has published extensively on the relations between fossil distributions and plate tectonics, how and when the mammals dispersed across the planet, competing theories on how to interpret past patterns, and the basic patterns of life today at the worldwide level.

Peter Moore is a Reader in Ecology at King’s College London. He first trained as a botanist/biochemist, later turning to palaeoecology and vegetation history and, ultimately, wider ecological issues including global environmental change. He retains a particular interest in wetlands.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Introduction to biogeography	1	(14)
Order of chapters	11	(1)
Further reading	12	(1)
References	13	(2)
A history of biogeography	15	(30)
Lessons from the past	15	(3)
Ecological versus historical biogeography, and plants versus animals	18	(1)
Biogeography and Creation	19	(2)
Distribution of life today	21	(2)
Evolution--a flawed and dangerous idea!	23	(1)
Enter Darwin	24	(1)
World maps: the biogeographical regions of plants and animals	25	(3)
Getting around the world	28	(3)
The origins of modern historical biogeography	31	(5)
The development of ecological biogeography	36	(1)
Living together	37	(2)
Marine biogeography	39	(2)
Island biogeography	41	(2)
Summary	43	(1)
Further reading	43	(1)
References	43	(2)
Patterns of biodiversity	45	(28)
How many species are there?	46	(6)
Gradients of diversity	52	(8)
Biodiversity hotspots	60	(2)
Diversity in time	62	(6)
Marine biodiversity	68	(1)
Dynamic biodiversity	68	(2)
Summary	70	(1)
Further reading	70	(1)
References	70	(3)
Patterns of distribution	73	(46)
Limits of distribution	74	(1)
Overcoming the barriers	75	(2)
A successful family: the daisies (Asteraceae)	77	(3)
Patterns of dragonflies	80	(3)
Magnolias: evolutionary relicts	83	(2)
Climatic relicts	85	(4)
Endemic organisms	89	(1)
Physical limitations	90	(1)
Environmental gradients	91	(5)
Interaction of factors	96	(3)
Species interaction	99	(2)
Invasion	101	(6)
Reducing competition	107	(3)
Migration	110	(2)
Predators and prey	112	(4)
Summary	116	(1)
Further reading	116	(1)
References	116	(3)
Communities and ecosystems	119	(24)
The community	120	(2)
The ecosystem	122	(3)
Ecosystems and biodiversity	125	(3)
Biotic assemblages on a global scale	128	(4)
Patterns of climate	132	(6)
Modelling biomes and climate	138	(2)
Biomes in a changing world	140	(1)
Summary	141	(1)
Further reading	141	(1)
References	142	(1)
The source of novelty	143	(22)
Natural selection	144	(1)
Darwin's explanation and Darwin's finches	145	(4)
Controlling forces within the organism	149	(1)
From populations to species	150	(2)
Polyploids	152	(1)
Barriers to interbreeding	153	(2)
Competition for life	155	(1)
The `theory' of natural selection	156	(2)
Controversies and evolutionary theory	158	(2)
Evolution and the human race(s)	160	(2)
Summary	162	(1)
Further reading	162	(1)
References	162	(3)
Life, death and evolution on islands	165	(36)
Types of island	166	(2)
Getting there: problems of access	168	(2)
Dying there: problems of survival	170	(2)
Integrating the data: the Theory of Island Biogeography	172	(2)
Second thoughts about the Theory	174	(2)
The Theory of Island Biogeography and the design of nature reserves	176	(3)
Starting afresh: the story of Rakata	179	(7)
The coastal environment	180	(1)
Life inland	181	(5)
Evolving there: opportunities for adaptive radiation	186	(4)
The Hawaiian Islands	190	(7)
Mechanisms of arrival	192	(1)
Evolutionary radiations within the Hawaiian Islands	193	(4)
Summary	197	(1)
Further reading	197	(1)
References	197	(4)
Living in the past	201	(24)
Plate tectonics	202	(3)
Evidence for past geographies	205	(1)
Early land life on the moving continents	206	(3)
One world-for a while	209	(5)
Rise of the flowering plants	214	(2)
Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic changes in geography, ocean currents and climate	216	(3)
Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic floral changes	219	(3)
Summary	222	(1)
Further reading	222	(1)
References	222	(3)
The geography of life today	225	(36)
Mammals: the final patterns	227	(6)
The distribution of flowering plants today	233	(2)
Mammalian versus flowering plant geography: comparisons and contrasts	235	(2)
The Old World tropics: Africa, India and South-East Asia	237	(6)
Africa	238	(2)
The Cape flora	240	(1)
Madagascar	241	(1)
India and South-East Asia	242	(1)
Australia	243	(2)
New Zealand	245	(2)
The West Indies	247	(4)
South America	251	(4)
Late Cretaceous/Early Cenozoic	251	(1)
Later in the Cenozoic	251	(1)
Late Cenozoic/Pleistocene	252	(3)
The Northern Hemisphere: Holarctic mammals and Boreal plants	255	(3)
Summary	258	(1)
Further reading	258	(1)
References	258	(3)
Ice and change	261	(36)
Climatic wiggles	262	(2)
Interglacials and interstadials	264	(2)
Biological changes in the Pleistocene	266	(2)
The last glacial	268	(6)
Causes of glaciation	274	(5)
The current interglacial: a false start	279	(3)
Forests on the move	282	(5)
The dry lands	287	(1)
Changing sea levels	288	(2)
Time of warmth	290	(1)
Climatic cooling	291	(2)
Recorded history	293	(1)
Summary	294	(1)
Further reading	294	(1)
References	295	(2)
Transforming the planet	297	(22)
The emergence of humans	297	(6)
Modern humans and the megafaunal extinctions	303	(1)
Domestication and agriculture	304	(7)
The biogeography of human parasitic diseases	311	(3)
Environmental impact of early human cultures	314	(1)
Summary	315	(1)
Further reading	316	(1)
References	316	(3)
Drawing lines in the water	319	(34)
Zones in the ocean and upon the sea floor	323	(2)
Basic biogeography of the seas	325	(1)
The open-sea realm	326	(11)
Dynamics of the ocean basins	326	(3)
Patterns of life in the ocean waters: biomes and provinces within the oceans	329	(4)
Patterns of life on the ocean floor	333	(3)
Biogeography of hydrothermal vent faunas	336	(1)
The shallow-sea realm	337	(13)
Faunal breaks within the shelf faunas	339	(2)
Coastal faunas of islands	341	(1)
Trans-oceanic links and barriers between shelf faunas	341	(2)
Latitudinal patterns in the shelf faunas	343	(1)
Coral reefs	344	(6)
Summary	350	(1)
Further reading	350	(1)
References	350	(3)
Interpreting the past: I. Molecular and isotopic biogeography	353	(18)
The molecules of life	354	(2)
DNA, RNA, enzymes and phylogeny	356	(2)
The molecular clock	358	(1)
Molecular evolution and bird biogeography	359	(3)
Human biogeography and molecular methods	362	(1)
Population crashes, bottlenecks and catastrophes	363	(2)
Isotopes in biogeography	365	(2)
Isotopes in biogeochemical cycles	367	(1)
New horizons	368	(1)
Summary	369	(1)
Further reading	369	(1)
References	369	(2)
Interpreting the past: II. Principles and practice	371	(20)
The great divide: dispersal versus vicariance	371	(3)
Centres of dispersal and centres of origin	374	(1)
Current methods of biogeographical analysis	374	(2)
Phylogenetic biogeography	376	(1)
Phylogeography	377	(2)
Cladistic biogeography	379	(1)
Generalized tracks	380	(1)
Parsimony analysis of endemicity	381	(1)
Endemicity and Pleistocene problems	382	(3)
The `New Zealand school' of panbiogeography	385	(2)
Palaeogeography	387	(1)
Summary	388	(1)
Further reading	388	(1)
References	389	(2)
Foretelling the future	391	(26)
The human population	392	(3)
The changing climate	395	(4)
Nitrogen and sulphur overload	399	(2)
Other pollutants	401	(1)
Biogeographical consequences of global change	402	(4)
Population declines and extinctions	406	(3)
Changing communities and biomes	409	(1)
Where do we go from here?	410	(3)
Summary	413	(1)
Further reading	413	(1)
References	413	(4)
Index	417