Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (with CengageNOW, Personal Tutor, InfoTrac 1-Semester, iLrn™ Printed Access Card)

by Starr, Cecie

• ISBN13: 9780495109181
• ISBN10: 0495109185
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-24
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

Cecie Starr is the most successful author in non-majors biology because of her clear and engaging writing, trend-setting art, and unparalleled media. BIOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW, BASICS Edition (no physiology coverage) her most concise text, provides a precise, issues-oriented approach and "solves" some of the toughest course challenges: engaging students, linking concepts from chapter to chapter, easily monitoring students' progress and simplifying lecture prep. Show students how biology matters: opening each chapter with engaging essays on hot issues and related online voting, the text highlights the connections between biology and real-life. Online exercises promote critical thinking about issues students will face as consumers, parents and citizens. Link concepts from chapter to chapter: since students have a difficult time linking concepts, the authors created a new "linking" tool. A list at the start of each chapter reminds students of related topics that were explained earlier. Within chapters, a key icon identifies cross-references to relevant sections in earlier chapters. As students work through the text, they see how topics build upon one another. Monitor students' progress with ease: BiologyNow offers diagnostic quizzes with automatically graded results that flow directly into your instructor grade book (iLrn, WebCT or BlackBoard). And, to assess students' progress instantly with in-class quizzes and polls, you can use JoinIn on TurningPoint content and software. Enjoy easier lecture prep: The new PowerLecture tool integrates all electronic chapter assets - art, photos, animations, videos, links to InfoTrac articles, web links, bulleted text slides, and everything else you need into each chapter's lecture slides. This "buffet" of media resources-arranged by chapter section-is at your fingertips.

Table of Contents

Invitation to Biology
What Am I Doing Here?	1	(1)
Life's Levels Of Organization	2	(2)
From Small to Smaller	2	(1)
From Smaller to Vast	2	(2)
Overview Of Life's Unity	4	(2)
DNA, The Basis of Inheritance	4	(1)
Energy, The Basis of Metabolism	4	(1)
Energy and Life's Organization	4	(1)
Life's Responsiveness to Change	5	(1)
If So Much Unity, Why So Many Species?	6	(2)
An Evolutionary View Of Diversity	8	(1)
The Nature Of Biological Inquiry	9	(1)
Observations, Hypotheses, and Tests	9	(1)
About the Word ``Theory''	9	(1)
The Power Of Experimental Tests	10	(2)
An Assumption of Cause and Effect	10	(1)
Example of an Experimental Design	10	(1)
Example of a Field Experiment	10	(1)
Bias in Reporting Results	11	(1)
The Scope and Limits Of Science	12	(4)
Unit One Cells
Molecules of Life
Science or the Supernatural?	15	(1)
Atoms and Their Interactions	16	(2)
Atoms and Isotopes	16	(1)
Electrons and Energy Levels	16	(2)
Bonds In Biological Molecules	18	(2)
Ion Formation and Ionic Bonding	18	(1)
Covalent Bonding	18	(1)
Hydrogen Bonding	19	(1)
Water's Life-Giving Properties	20	(2)
Polarity of the Water Molecule	20	(1)
Water's Temperature-Stabilizing Effects	20	(1)
Water's Solvent Properties	21	(1)
Water's Cohesion	21	(1)
Acids and Bases	22	(1)
The pH Scale	22	(1)
Salts and Water	22	(1)
Buffers Against Shifts in pH	23	(1)
Molecules of Life---from Structure To Function	23	(3)
What is an Organic Compound?	23	(1)
It All Starts With Carbon's Bonding Behavior	23	(1)
Functional Groups	24	(1)
How Do Cells Build Organic Compounds?	25	(1)
The Truly Abundant Carbohydrates	26	(2)
The Simple Sugars	26	(1)
Short-Chain Carbohydrates	26	(1)
Complex Carbohydrates	26	(2)
Greasy, Fatty---Must Be Lipids	28	(2)
Fats and Fatty Acids	28	(1)
Phospholipids	29	(1)
Cholesterol and Other Sterols	29	(1)
Waxes	29	(1)
Proteins---Diversity in Structure and Function	30	(2)
What is an Amino Acid?	30	(1)
Levels of Protein Structure	30	(2)
Why Is Protein Structure So Important?	32	(2)
Just One Wrong Amino Acid ...	32	(1)
Proteins Undone---Denaturation	32	(2)
Nucleotides And The Nucleic Acids	34	(5)
How Cells Are Put Together
Animalcules and Cells Fill'd With Juices	38	(1)
What Is ``A Cell''?	39	(1)
Most Cells Are Really Small	40	(2)
Types of Microscopes	40	(1)
Why Aren't All Cells Big?	41	(1)
The Structure Of Cell Membranes	42	(2)
A Closer Look At Prokaryotic Cells	44	(1)
Closer Look At Eukaryotic Cells	45	(5)
The Nucleus	46	(1)
The Endomembrane System	46	(2)
Mitochondria	48	(1)
Chloroplasts	48	(1)
Summary of Major Organelles	48	(2)
Where Did Organelles Come From?	50	(2)
Origin of the Nucleus and ER	50	(1)
Theory of Endosymbiosis	50	(1)
Evidence of Endosymbiosis	51	(1)
The Dynamic Cytoskeleton	52	(2)
Moving Along With Motor Proteins	52	(1)
Cilia, Flagella, and False Feet	53	(1)
Cell Surface Specializations	54	(5)
Eukaryotic Cell Walls	54	(1)
Matrixes Between Animal Cells	55	(1)
Cell Junctions	55	(3)
How Cells Work
Beer, Enzymes, and Your Liver	58	(1)
Inputs and Outputs Of Energy	59	(2)
The One-Way Flow of Energy	59	(1)
ATP---The Cell's Energy Currency	59	(1)
Up and Down the Energy Hills	60	(1)
Inputs and Outputs Of Substances	61	(1)
What Are Metabolic Pathways?	61	(1)
The Nature of Metabolic Reactions	61	(1)
How Enzymes Make Substances React	62	(3)
Lowering the Energy Hill	62	(1)
Help From Cofactors	63	(1)
How Is Enzyme Activity Controlled?	64	(1)
Effects of Temperature, pH, and Salinity	64	(1)
Diffusion And Metabolism	65	(1)
What Is a Concentration Gradient?	65	(1)
What Determines Diffusion Rates?	66	(1)
Working With And Against Diffusion	66	(2)
Passive Transport	66	(1)
Active Transport	67	(1)
Which Way Will Water Move?	68	(2)
Osmosis	68	(1)
Effects of Tonicity	68	(1)
Effects of Fluid Pressure	68	(2)
Cell Burps And Gulps	70	(4)
Where It Starts---Photosynthesis
Sunlight and Survival	73	(1)
The Rainbow Catchers	74	(2)
Light and Pigments	74	(1)
Two Stages of Reactions	75	(1)
Light-Dependent Reactions	76	(2)
Light-Independent Reactions	78	(2)
The Sugar Factory	78	(1)
Different Plants, Different Pathways	79	(1)
Pastures Of The Seas	80	(3)
How Cells Release Chemical Energy
When Mitochondria Spin Their Wheels	82	(1)
Overview Of Energy-Releasing Pathways	83	(1)
Glycolysis---Glucose Breakdown Starts	84	(2)
Second And Third Stages Of Aerobic Respiration	86	(2)
Acetyl-CoA Formation and the Krebs Cycle	86	(1)
Electron Transfer Phosphorylation	87	(1)
Anaerobic Energy-Releasing Pathways	88	(1)
Alcoholic Fermentation	89	(1)
Lactate Fermentation	89	(1)
Alternative Energy Sources In The Body	89	(2)
The Fate of Glucose at Mealtime and in Between Meals	89	(2)
Energy From Fats	91	(1)
Energy From Proteins	91	(1)
Connections With Photosynthesis	91	(4)
Unit Two Genetics
How Cells Reproduce
Henrietta's Immortal Cells	94	(1)
Overview Of Cell Division Mechanisms	95	(1)
Mitosis and Meiosis	95	(1)
Key Points About Chromosome Structure	95	(1)
Introducing The Cell Cycle	96	(1)
Mitosis Maintains The Chromosome Number	97	(3)
Prophase: Mitosis Begins	98	(1)
Transition to Metaphase	98	(1)
From Anaphase Through Telophase	98	(2)
Division Of The Cytoplasm	100	(1)
Meiosis And Sexual Reproduction	101	(3)
Asexual Versus Sexual Reproduction	101	(1)
Two Divisions, Not One	102	(2)
How Meiosis Puts Variation In Traits	104	(2)
Crossing Over in Prophase I	104	(1)
Metaphase I Alignments	105	(1)
From Gametes To Offspring	106	(2)
Gamete Formation in Plants	106	(1)
Gamete Formation in Animals	106	(1)
More Shufflings at Fertilization	106	(2)
The Cell Cycle And Cancer	108	(5)
The Cell Cycle Revisited	108	(1)
Characteristics of Cancer	109	(3)
Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits
Menacing Mucus	112	(1)
Tracking Traits With Hybrid Crosses	113	(4)
Terms Used in Modern Genetics	113	(1)
Mendel's Experimental Approach	113	(1)
Mendel's Theory of Segregation	114	(2)
Mendel's Theory of Independent Assortment	116	(1)
Not-so-Straightforward Phenotypes	117	(3)
ABO Blood Types---A Case of Codominance	117	(1)
Incomplete Dominance	118	(1)
When Products of Two or More Gene Pairs Interact	118	(1)
Single Genes With a Wide Reach	119	(1)
Complex Variations In Traits	120	(3)
Regarding the Unexpected Phenotype	120	(1)
Continuous Variation in Populations	120	(1)
Environmental Effects on Phenotype	121	(2)
The Chromosomal Basis Of Inheritance	123	(2)
A Rest Stop on Our Conceptual Road	123	(1)
Karyotyping	123	(1)
Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes	123	(2)
Impact Of Crossing Over On Inheritance	125	(1)
Human Genetic Analysis	126	(1)
Examples Of Human Inheritance Patterns	127	(3)
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance	127	(1)
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance	128	(1)
X-Linked Recessive Inheritance	128	(2)
Structural Changes In Chromosomes	130	(7)
Major Categories of Structural Change	130	(1)
Does Chromosome Structure Evolve?	130	(7)
Change In The Number Of Chromosomes	137
An Autosomal Change and Down Syndrome	131	(1)
Changes in the Sex Chromosome Number	132	(1)
Some Prospects In Human Genetics	133	(5)
Bioethical Questions	133	(1)
Choices Available	133	(4)
DNA Structure and Function
Here, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty, Kitty	137	(1)
The Hunt For Fame, Fortune, And DNA	138	(2)
Early and Puzzling Clues	138	(1)
Confirmation of DNA Function	138	(1)
Enter Watson and Crick	139	(1)
DNA Structure And Function	140	(2)
DNA's Building Blocks	140	(1)
Fame and Glory	140	(2)
Patterns of Base Pairing	142	(1)
DNA Replication And Repair	142	(1)
How Is a DNA Molecule Duplicated?	142	(1)
Monitoring and Fixing DNA	142	(1)
Using DNA To Clone Mammals	143	(4)
Gene Expression and Control
Ricin and Your Ribosomes	146	(1)
Making And Controlling The Cell's Proteins	147	(1)
How Is RNA Transcribed From DNA?	147	(3)
Three Classes of RNA	147	(1)
The Nature of Transcription	147	(1)
Finishing Up RNA Transcripts	148	(2)
Deciphering mRNA	150	(2)
From mRNA To Protein	152	(2)
Mutated Genes And Their Protein Products	154	(2)
Common Mutations	154	(1)
How Do Mutations Arise?	154	(1)
The Proof Is in the Protein	155	(1)
Controls Over Gene Expression	156	(7)
Common Controls	156	(1)
Bacterial Control of the Lactose Operon	156	(1)
Eukaryotic Gene Controls	157	(5)
Studying and Manipulating Genomes
Golden Rice or Frankenfood?	162	(1)
A Molecular Toolkit	163	(2)
The Scissors: Restriction Enzymes	163	(1)
Cloning Vectors	163	(1)
cDNA Cloning	164	(1)
Haystacks To Needles	165	(2)
Isolating Genes	165	(1)
PCR	165	(2)
DNA Sequencing	167	(1)
First Just Fingerprints, Now DNA Fingerprints	168	(1)
Tinkering With The Molecules Of Life	169	(2)
Emergence of Molecular Biology	169	(1)
The Human Genome Project	169	(1)
Genomics	170	(1)
Practical Genetics	171	(2)
Designer Plants	171	(1)
Genetically Engineered Bacteria	172	(1)
Barnyard Biotech	172	(1)
Weighing The Benefits And Risks	173	(4)
Knockout Cells and Organ Factories	174	(1)
Regarding ``Frankenfood''	174	(2)
Unit Three Evolution and Diversity
Processes of Evolution
Rise of the Super Rats	176	(1)
Early Beliefs, Confounding Discoveries	177	(4)
Questions From Biogeography	177	(1)
Questions From Comparative Morphology	177	(1)
Questions About Fossils	178	(1)
Squeezing New Evidence Into Old Beliefs	178	(1)
Voyage of the Beagle	178	(1)
Old Bones and Armadillos	179	(1)
A Key Insight---Variation in Traits	179	(2)
The Nature Of Adaptation	181	(1)
Salt-Tolerant Tomatoes	181	(1)
Adaptation to What?	181	(1)
Individuals Don't Evolve, Populations DO	182	(2)
Variation in Populations	182	(1)
The ``Gene Pool''	182	(1)
Stability and Change in Allele Frequencies	183	(1)
Mutations Revisited	183	(1)
When Is A Population Not Evolving?	184	(1)
Natural Selection Revisited	185	(3)
Directional Selection	185	(1)
Selection Against or in Favor of Extreme Phenotypes	186	(2)
Maintaining Variation In A Population	188	(2)
Sexual Selection	188	(1)
Sickle-Cell Anemia---Lesser of Two Evils?	189	(1)
Genetic Drift---The Chance Changes	190	(1)
Chance Events and Population Size	190	(1)
Bottlenecks and the Founder Effect	191	(1)
Genetic Drift and Inbred Populations	191	(1)
Gene Flow---Keeping Populations Alike	191	(4)
Evolutionary Patterns, Rates, and Trends
Measuring Time	194	(1)
Fossils---Evidence Of Ancient Life	195	(1)
How Do Fossils Form?	195	(1)
Fossils in Sedimentary Rock Layers	196	(1)
Interpreting the Fossil Record	196	(1)
Dating Pieces Of The Puzzle	196	(3)
Radiometric Dating	196	(1)
Placing Fossils in Geologic Time	197	(2)
Evidence From Biogeography	199	(2)
An Outrageous Hypothesis	199	(1)
A Big Connection	200	(1)
More Evidence From Comparative Morphology	201	(2)
Morphological Divergence	201	(1)
Morphological Convergence	202	(1)
Evidence From Patterns Of Development	203	(1)
Evidence From DNA, RNA, And Proteins	204	(1)
Protein Comparisons	204	(1)
Nucleic Acid Comparisons	204	(1)
Molecular Clocks	205	(1)
Reproductive Isolation, Maybe New Species	205	(3)
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms	206	(2)
Interpreting The Evidence: Models For Speciation	208	(3)
Geographic Isolation	208	(1)
The Inviting Archipelagos	208	(2)
Sympatric Speciation	210	(1)
Parapatric Speciation	211	(1)
Patterns Of Speciation And Extinctions	211	(2)
Branching and Unbranched Evolution	211	(1)
Evolutionary Trees and Rates of Change	211	(1)
Adaptive Radiations	212	(1)
Extinctions---End of the Line	212	(1)
Organizing Information About Species	213	(6)
Naming, Identifying, and Classifying Species	213	(1)
What's in a Name? A Cladistic View	214	(4)
Early Life
Looking for Life in All the Odd Places	218	(1)
Origin Of The First Living Cells	219	(5)
Conditions On the Early Earth	219	(1)
Origin of Agents of Metabolism	220	(1)
Origin of Self-Replicating Systems	220	(1)
Origin of Cell Membranes	221	(1)
The First Cells and Beyond	222	(2)
What Are Existing Prokaryotes Like?	224	(4)
General Characteristics	224	(1)
Growth and Reproduction	225	(1)
Prokaryotic Classification	225	(1)
Examples of Archaean Diversity	226	(1)
Examples of Bacterial Diversity	226	(2)
Bacterial Behavior	228	(1)
The Curiously Classified Protists	228	(6)
Flagellated Protozoans and Euglenoids	228	(1)
Radiolarians and Foraminiferans	229	(1)
The Ciliates	230	(1)
Dinoflagellates	230	(1)
Apicomplexans and Malaria	230	(1)
Diatoms, Brown Algae, and Relatives	231	(1)
Red Algae	232	(1)
Green Algae	232	(2)
Amoebozoans	234	(1)
The Fabulous Fungi	234	(5)
Characteristics of Fungi	234	(1)
Fungal Diversity	234	(1)
The Club Fungi	235	(1)
Spores and More Spores	236	(1)
Fungal Symbionts	237	(1)
The Unloved Few	238	(1)
Viruses, Viroids, And Prions	239	(2)
Characteristics of Viruses	239	(1)
Viral Multiplication Cycles	240	(1)
Viroids and Prions	240	(1)
Evolution And Infectious Diseases	241	(4)
Plant Evolution
Beginnings, and Endings	244	(1)
Pioneers In A New World	245	(2)
Roots, Stems, and Leaves	245	(1)
From Haploid to Diploid Dominance	245	(1)
Seeds and Pollen Grains	246	(1)
The Bryophytes---No Vascular Tissues	247	(1)
Seedless Vascular Plants	248	(3)
Club Mosses	249	(1)
Horsetails	249	(1)
Ferns	250	(1)
The Rise Of Seed-Bearing Plants	251	(1)
Gymnosperms---Plants With ``Naked'' Seeds	252	(2)
Angiosperms---The Flowering Plants	254	(2)
Deforestation In The Tropics	256	(4)
Animal Evolution
Interpreting and Misinterpreting the Past	259	(1)
Overview Of The Animal Kingdom	260	(2)
Animal Origins	260	(1)
A Look at Body Plans	260	(2)
Getting Along Well Without Organs	262	(1)
Sponges	262	(1)
Cnidarians	262	(1)
Flatworms---Introducing Organ Systems	263	(1)
Annelids---Segments Galore	264	(2)
The Evolutionarily Pliable Mollusks	266	(1)
Hiding Out, Or Not	266	(1)
On the Cephalopod Need for Speed	266	(1)
Amazingly Abundant Roundworms	267	(1)
Arthropods---The Most Successful Animals	268	(4)
Keys to Success	268	(1)
Spiders and Their Relatives	269	(1)
Crustaceans	269	(1)
A Look at Insect Diversity	270	(2)
The Puzzling Echinoderms	272	(1)
Evolutionary Trends Among Vertebrates	273	(2)
Early Craniates	273	(1)
The Key Innovations	274	(1)
Major Groups Of Jawed Fishes	275	(1)
Early Amphibious Tetrapods	276	(2)
The Rise Of Amniotes	278	(3)
The ``Reptiles''	278	(1)
Birds	279	(1)
Mammals	280	(1)
From Early Primates To Humans	281	(9)
Origins and Early Divergences	282	(1)
The First Hominids	283	(1)
Emergence of Early Humans	284	(1)
Emergence of Modern Humans	284	(2)
Where Did Modern Humans Originate?	286	(3)
Plants and Animals: Common Challenges
Too Hot To Handle	289	(1)
Levels Of Structural Organization	290	(2)
From Cells to Multicelled Organisms	290	(1)
Growth Versus Development	290	(1)
Structural Organization Has a History	290	(1)
The Body's Internal Environment	291	(1)
How Do Parts Contribute to the Whole?	291	(1)
Recurring Challenges To Survival	292	(1)
Requirements for Gas Exchange	292	(1)
Requirements for Internal Transport	292	(1)
Maintaining a Solute-Water Balance	293	(1)
Requirements for Integration and Control	293	(1)
On Variations in Resources and Threats	293	(1)
Homeostasis In Animals	293	(2)
Negative Feedback	294	(1)
Positive Feedback	295	(1)
Does Homeostasis Occur In Plants?	295	(2)
Resisting Pathogens	295	(1)
Sand, Wind, and the Yellow Bush Lupine	296	(1)
About Rhythmic Leaf Folding	296	(1)
How Cells Receive And Respond To Signals	297	(4)
Unit Four Ecology
Population Ecology
The Human Touch	300	(1)
Characteristics Of Populations	301	(2)
Overview of the Demographics	301	(1)
Elusive Heads To Count	302	(1)
Population Size And Exponential Growth	303	(1)
From Zero to Exponential Growth	303	(1)
What Is the Biotic Potential?	304	(1)
Limits On The Growth Of Populations	304	(3)
What Are the Limiting Factors?	304	(1)
Carrying Capacity and Logistic Growth	305	(1)
Density-Dependent Controls	306	(1)
Density-Independent Factors	306	(1)
Life History Patterns	307	(3)
Life Tables	307	(1)
Patterns of Survival and Reproduction	307	(1)
Evolution of Life History Traits	308	(2)
Human Population Growth	310	(6)
Why Have Human Populations Soared?	310	(1)
Fertility Rates and Family Planning	311	(1)
Economics and Population Growth	312	(1)
Environmental Impacts of Populations	313	(2)
Community Structure and Biodiversity
Fire Ants in the Pants	315	(1)
Which Factors Shape Community Structure?	316	(1)
The Niche	316	(1)
Categories of Species Interactions	316	(1)
Mutually Beneficial Interactions	317	(1)
Competitive Interactions	318	(2)
Competitive Exclusion	318	(1)
Coexisting Competitors	319	(1)
Predator-prey Interactions	320	(3)
Models for Predator-Prey Interactions	320	(1)
The Canadian Lynx and Snowshoe Hare	320	(1)
An Evolutionary Arms Race	321	(2)
Parasites And Parasitoids	323	(2)
Biological Control Agents	324	(1)
Changes In Community Structure Over Time	325	(2)
Ecological Succession	325	(1)
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis	325	(1)
Species Interactions in Succession	326	(1)
Forces Contributing To Community Instability	327	(3)
The Role of Keystone Species	327	(1)
How Species Introductions Tip the Balance	328	(2)
Patterns Of Species Diversity	330	(1)
Mainland and Marine Patterns	330	(1)
Island Patterns	330	(1)
Conservation Biology	331	(8)
About the Newly Endangered Species	332	(1)
The Major Threats	332	(1)
Emergence of Conservation Biology	333	(5)
Ecosystems
Bye-Bye Bayou	338	(1)
The Nature Of Ecosystems	339	(3)
Overview of the Participants	339	(1)
Trophic Interactions	340	(1)
Food Webs	340	(2)
Biological Magnification In Food Webs	342	(1)
Studying Energy Flow Through Ecosystems	343	(1)
Ecological Pyramids	343	(1)
Primary Productivity	343	(1)
Global Cycling Of Water And Nutrients	344	(2)
Hydrologic Cycle	344	(1)
The Water Crisis	345	(1)
Carbon Cycle	346	(2)
Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming	348	(2)
Greenhouse Effect	348	(1)
Global Warming and Climate Change	348	(2)
Nitrogen Cycle	350	(2)
Human Impact on the Nitrogen Cycle	351	(1)
Phosphorus Cycle	352	(4)
The Biosphere
Surfers, Seals, and the Sea	355	(1)
Air Circulation And Climates	356	(4)
Global Air Circulation Patterns	356	(1)
A Fence of Wind and Ozone Thinning	357	(1)
No Wind, Lots of Pollutants, and Smog	358	(1)
Winds and Acid Rain	358	(1)
Harnessing Solar and Wind Energy	359	(1)
The Ocean, Landforms, And Climates	360	(2)
Ocean Currents and Their Effects	360	(1)
Rain Shadows and Monsoons	361	(1)
Realms Of Biodiversity	362	(7)
Deserts, Natural and Man-Made	364	(1)
Dry Shrublands, Dry Woodlands, and Grasslands	364	(2)
Broadleaf Forests	366	(1)
Coniferous Forests	366	(2)
Arctic and Alpine Tundra	368	(1)
The Water Provinces	369	(5)
Lake Ecosystems	369	(1)
Estuaries and Mangrove Wetlands	370	(1)
Rocky and Sandy Coastlines	371	(1)
Coral Reefs	371	(1)
The Open Ocean	372	(1)
Hydrothermal Vents	372	(1)
Upwelling Along Coasts	373	(1)
Applying Knowledge Of The Biosphere	374	(5)
Behavioral Ecology
My Pheromones Made Me Do It	378	(1)
So Where Does Behavior Start?	379	(5)
Genes and Behavior	379	(1)
Hormones and Behavior	379	(1)
Regarding Instinct and Learning	380	(2)
The Adaptive Value of Behavior	382	(2)
Communication Signals	384	(2)
The Nature of Communication Signals	384	(1)
Examples of Communication Displays	384	(1)
Illegitimate Signalers and Receivers	385	(1)
Mates, Offspring, And Reproductive Success	386	(2)
Sexual Selection and Mating Behavior	386	(1)
Parental Care	387	(1)
Costs And Benefits Of Social Groups	388	(2)
Cooperative Predator Avoidance	388	(1)
The Selfish Herd	388	(1)
Cooperative Hunting	388	(1)
Dominance Hierarchies	389	(1)
Regarding the Costs	389	(1)
Why Sacrifice Yourself?	390	(2)
Social Insects	390	(1)
Social Mole-Rats	390	(1)
Indirect Selection Theory	391	(1)
A Look At Primate Social Behavior	392	(1)
Human Social Behavior	393	(1)
Human Pheromones	393	(1)
Hormones and Bonding Behavior	393	(1)
Evolutionary Questions	393
Epilogue Biological Principles and the Human Imperative
Appendix I Answers to Self-Quizzes
Appendix II Answers to Genetics Problems
Appendix III Annotations to A Journal Article
Appendix IV A Plain English Map of the Human Chromosomes