Biology Workbook for Dummies

by Kratz, Rene Fester

• ISBN13: 9781118158401
• ISBN10: 1118158407
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-05-08
• Publisher: For Dummies

Summary

Biology Workbook For Dummies provides exercises to help students better understand introductory biology course concepts such as physiology, ecology, evolution, genetics and cell biology. Whether as a companion to Biology For Dummies or on its own, Biology Workbook For Dummies is an excellent practice supplement for students enrolled in introductory biology courses.

Author Biography

Rene Faster Kratz, PhD, is a biology instructor at Everett Community College in Everett, Washington.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
About This Book	p. 1
Conventions Used in This Book	p. 2
Foolish Assumptions	p. 2
How This Book Is Organized	p. 3
Getting the Basics	p. 3
Creating the Future with Cell Division and Genetics	p. 3
Making Connections with Ecology and Evolution	p. 4
Getting to Know the Human Body	p. 4
Going Green with Plant Biology	p. 4
The Part of Tens	p. 4
Icons Used in This Book	p. 5
Where to Go from Here	p. 5
Getting the Basics	p. 7
Figuring Out the Scientific Method	p. 9
Developing Hypotheses	p. 9
Practicing the Scientific Method	p. 10
Designing Experiments	p. 12
Making an Experiment Count	p. 16
Building Theories	p. 17
Answers to Questions on the Scientific Method	p. 19
Solving Problems in the Chemistry of Life	p. 21
Mapping Atoms	p. 21
Elemental Thinking	p. 23
Figuring Out Molecules	p. 25
Recognizing Macromolecules	p. 28
Staying sweet with carbohydrates	p. 29
Getting things done with proteins	p. 31
Making plans with nucleic acids	p. 33
Storing energy and building boundaries with lipids	p. 36
Answers to Questions on the Chemistry of Life	p. 40
Identifying Cell Parts and Understanding Their Functions	p. 43
Introducing Cells	p. 43
Holding it all together: The plasma membrane	p. 45
Getting in and out of cells	p. 46
Creating proteins: Ribosomes	p. 48
Taking a Tour of Animal Cells	p. 48
Checking Out Plant Cells	p. 50
Peeking at Prokaryotes	p. 52
Answers to Questions on Cells	p. 53
Tracking the Flow of Energy and Matter	p. 55
Figuring Out the Role of Food	p. 55
Make it or break it	p. 56
Feeling energized about energy	p. 57
Getting a reaction	p. 58
Transferring energy with ATP	p. 60
Moving your metabolism with enzymes	p. 61
Reduce, reuse, recycle	p. 63
Photosynthesis: Cooking Up Carbohydrates	p. 64
Light reactions of photosynthesis: Transforming energy from the ultimate energy source	p. 66
Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis: Putting matter and energy together	p. 67
Cellular Respiration: Extracting Energy from Food	p. 69
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle: Breaking down glucose to carbon dioxide	p. 70
Oxidative Phosphorylation: Transferring energy to ATP	p. 72
Answers to Questions on Tracking the Flow of Energy and Matter	p. 75
Creating the Future With Celt Division and Genetics	p. 79
Divide and Conquer: Recognizing the Phases of Cell Division	p. 81
Talking 'bout the Generations	p. 81
Duplicating and Dividing Your DNA	p. 82
Riding the Cell Cycle	p. 86
Marching Through Mitosis	p. 87
Getting Ready for Sexual Reproduction	p. 91
Making Gametes by Meiosis	p. 93
Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis	p. 96
Answers to Questions on Cell Division	p. 98
Predicting Future Generations with Mendelian Genetics	p. 101
Getting Acquainted with the Lingo of Genetics	p. 101
Discovering the Laws of Inheritance	p. 103
Figuring Out Genetic Puzzles	p. 106
Climbing the Branches of Your Family Tree	p. 107
Answers to Questions on Genetics	p. 111
Taking Genetics to the DNA Level	p. 113
Going with the Flow of Genetic Information	p. 113
Making a Copy of the Genetic Code: Transcription	p. 114
Locating genes within a chromosome	p. 116
Doing transcription one step at a time	p. 116
Putting on the finishing touches: RNA processing	p. 117
Decoding the Message in mRNA: Translation	p. 118
Deciphering mRNA codes with tRNA	p. 120
Doing translation one step at a time	p. 121
Measuring the Impact of Mutations	p. 125
Answers to Questions on the Genetic Code	p. 128
Going Straight to the Source with DNA Technology	p. 131
Discovering the Power of DNA Technology	p. 131
Cutting DNA with Restriction Enzymes	p. 132
Separating Molecules with Gel Electrophoresis	p. 135
Copying DNA with PCR	p. 137
Reading a Gene with DNA Sequencing	p. 138
Answers to Questions on DNA Technology	p. 141
Making Connections With Ecology and Evolution	p. 143
Organizing the Living World	p. 145
Examining Relationships	p. 145
Classifying Life	p. 147
Figuring Out Relationships from Phylogenetic Trees	p. 149
Answers to Questions on Classification and Phylogeny	p. 152
Connecting Organisms in Ecosystems	p. 153
Ecosystems: Bringing It All Together	p. 153
Describing Populations	p. 155
Tracking Changes in Populations	p. 157
Getting Along with Other Species	p. 160
Discovering the Job Descriptions of Organisms	p. 161
Following the Flow of Energy through Ecosystems	p. 162
Recycling Matter within Ecosystems	p. 164
Answers to Questions on Ecosystems	p. 166
Evaluating the Effects of Evolution	p. 169
Defining Evolution	p. 169
Predicting the Outcome of Natural Selection	p. 171
Supporting the Theory of Evolution	p. 172
Answers to Questions on Evolution	p. 175
Getting to Know the Human Body	p. 177
Building Bodies with the Skeletal and Muscular Systems	p. 179
Moving Around with Friction and Gravity	p. 179
Getting Support from Skeletons and Bones	p. 180
This Joint Is Jumpin'	p. 184
Flexing Your Knowledge of Muscles	p. 185
Answers to Questions on the Skeletal and Muscular Systems	p. 187
Giving Your Body What it Needs: The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems	p. 189
Catching Your Breath: Animal Respiration	p. 189
Taking a Breath with the Human Respiratory System	p. 191
In with the Good, Out with the Bad: Animal Circulatory Systems	p. 192
Navigating the Human Heart and Circulatory System	p. 193
Entering the cardiac cycle	p. 195
Oxygenating the blood: Pulmonary circulation	p. 196
Spreading oxygenated blood around: Systemic circulation	p. 197
Answers to Questions on the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems	p. 199
Processing Food with the Digestive and Excretory Systems	p. 201
Got Food? Understanding What Happens When Animals Eat	p. 201
Moving Along the Human Digestive System	p. 203
Filtering Fluids through the Urinary System	p. 206
Exploring the Inner Workings of the Human Kidney	p. 207
Answers to Questions on the Digestive and Excretory Systems	p. 209
Fighting Enemies with the Immune System	p. 211
Microbial Encounters of the Best and Worst Kinds	p. 211
Investigating Your Built-in Defenses	p. 214
Fighting Back with Adaptive Immunity	p. 216
Answers to Questions on the Immune System	p. 219
Sending Messages with the Nervous and Endocrine Systems	p. 221
Mapping out Nervous Systems	p. 221
Getting on Your Nerves	p. 223
Getting in on the Action Potential	p. 225
Regulating the Body with Glands and Hormones	p. 228
Answers to Questions on the Nervous and Endocrine Systems	p. 230
Making Babies with the Reproductive System	p. 231
Identifying the Parts of the Male Reproductive System	p. 231
Identifying the Parts of the Female Reproductive System	p. 233
Following the Female Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles	p. 235
Fertilization through Birth: Developing New Humans	p. 237
Answers to Questions on the Human Reproductive System	p. 241
Going Green With Plant Biology	p. 243
Studying Plant Structures	p. 245
Peering at the Parts and Types of Plants	p. 245
Taking-a Look at Plant Tissues	p. 250
Growing Like a Weed: Plant Reproduction	p. 254
Answers to Questions on Plant Structures	p. 259
Pondering Problems in Plant Physiology	p. 261
Taking Minerals from the Soil	p. 261
Pulling Water Through Plants	p. 263
Sending Sugars from Sources to Sinks	p. 264
Seeding Signals with Plant Hormones	p. 267
Answers to Questions on Plant Physiology	p. 269
The Part of Tens	p. 271
Ten Tips for Getting an A in Biology	p. 273
Put in Your Time	p. 273
Make Vocabulary Flashcards	p. 273
Pace Yourself	p. 274
Study Actively, Not Passively	p. 274
Phone a Friend	p. 275
Test Yourself Before Your Instructor Tests You	p. 275
Maximize the Easy Points	p. 275
Ask for Help Upfront	p. 276
Use Your Resources	p. 276
Don't Leave It in the Classroom	p. 276
Ten (Plus One) Great Biology Websites	p. 277
Dummies.com	p. 277
The Biology Project at the University of Arizona	p. 278
Genetic Science Learning Center	p. 278
DNA from the Beginning	p. 278
Life: The Science of Biology	p. 278
The Biology Corner	p. 278
Cells Alive!	p. 279
The Virtual Cell	p. 279
The Virtual Plant Cell	p. 279
Quia.com	p. 279
HHMI Biolnteractive Holiday Lectures	p. 279
Index	p. 281
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