Biomarkers for Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Damage

by Giancarlo Aldini (University of Milan); Kyung-Jin Yeum (Tufts University); Etsuo Niki (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology); Robert M. Russell (Tufts University)

• ISBN13: 9780813814315
• ISBN10: 0813814316
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-07-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Biomarkers for Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Damage: Principles and Practical Applications critically evaluates the basic concepts and methodologies of conventional biomarkers as well as current state-of-the-art assays for measuring antioxidant activity/oxidative stress and their practical applications. . Biomarkers for Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Damage: Principles and Practical Applications will be of a great interest to scientists who are involved in basic research on oxidation, applied scientists evaluating the effects of nutraceuticals or pharmaceutical compounds on antioxidant activity/oxidative stress, and physicians who want to understand the degree of oxidative damage in patients with certain chronic diseases.Discovering sensitive and specific biomarkers for systemic oxidative damage is essential to understand the role of oxidative stress in human disease. Once these roles are clearly understood, we are able to identify novel drug and nutraceutical targets. This volume goes beyond conventional analytical methods of measuring overall antioxidant activity and provides insight to the discovery of biomarkers that reveal information on specific areas of oxidative stress. Contributed by an international list of experts, Biomarkers for Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Damage: Principles and Practical Applications describes both conventional biomarkers and recent developments in this area.Special Features: Discusses conventional biomarkers as well as recent advances for measuring antioxidants and oxidative stress Biomarkers for lipid peroxidation: isoprostane, hydroxyloctadecaenoic acid, oxysterols, and reactive carbonyl species from lipid peroxidation Biomarkers for protein oxidation: carbonylation, tyrosine oxidation, ubiquitin-conjugation Biomarkers for DNA oxidative damage: comet assay, hydroxylated nucleotides, and exocylcic DNA adducts Recently developed biomarkers from cutting-edge technology

Table of Contents

Preface

Contributors

Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress: An Overview

Enzymatic Antioxidant Defenses

Antioxidants as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

LDL Oxidation as a Biomarker of Antioxidant Status

The Isoprostanes: Accurate Markers and Potent Mediators of Oxidant Injury in Vivo

Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid (HODE) as a Marker of Linoleic Acid Oxidation

Oxysterols: Potential Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

Lipid Peroxidatin Originating ¿, ß -unsaturated Aldehydes and Their Metabolites as Biomarkers

Oxidation Modification of Proteins: An Overview

Immunochemical Detection of Lipid Peroxidation-specific Epitopes

Mass Spectrometric Strategies for Identification and Characterization of Carbonylated Peptides and Proteins

Nitrotyrosine: Quantitative Analysis, Mapping in Proteins, and Biological Significance

Ubiquitin Conjugates: A Sensitive Marker of Oxidative Stress

Covalent Modifications of Albumin Cys34 as a Biomarker of Mild Oxidative Stress

Protein S -glutathionilation and S -cysteinilation

DNA Oxidation, Antioxidant Effects, and DNA Repair Measured with the Comet Assay

Hydroxylated Nucleotides: Measurement and Utility as Biomarkers for DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Efficacy

Exocyclic DNA Adducts as Biomarkers of Antioxidant Defense and Oxidative Stress

Index

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